Education and training outlook for occupations,

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Education and training outlook for occupations, 2012–22

In 2012, about one-third of jobs were in occupations that typically require

postsecondary education for entry

3%

2%

18%

4%

6%

1%

40%

26% Doctoral or professional

degree

Master's degree Bachelor's degree Associate's degree Postsecondary non- degree award

Some college, no degree High school diploma or equivalent

Less than high school

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program.

The 820 occupations for which BLS prepared 2012–22 employment projections received assignments in three categories: typical entry‐level education, work experience in a related occupation, and typical on‐

the‐job training needed to attain competency. In 2012, about one‐third of jobs were in occupations that typically require postsecondary education for entry. ¹ The largest share among the postsecondary groups was bachelor’s degree. A bachelor’s degree was the typical entry‐level education for 18 percent of jobs in 2012. Most jobs in 2012 were classified as high school diploma or equivalent or less than high school.

1These data are for 2012 employment summed by typical entry‐level education assignment. The actual educational attainment of workers is different. Neither the 2012 data nor the projected

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Occupations that typically require a master’s degree for entry are projected to grow the fastest from 2012 to 2022

16.0%

18.4%

12.1%

17.6%

15.6%

11.3%

7.9%

10.9%

Doctoral or professional degree Master's degree Bachelor's degree Associate's degree Postsecondary non-degree award Some college, no degree High school diploma or equivalent Less than high school

Percent change, projected 2012-22 Average, all occupations = 10.8%

Occupations that typically require a master’s degree for entry are projected to grow the fastest during the 2012–22 decade, followed by associate’s degree and doctoral or

professional degree occupations. All of the postsecondary groups are projected to grow faster than the average of 10.8 percent.

The slowest growth is projected to be in occupations with high school diploma or equivalent as the typical entry‐level

education.

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The most new jobs from 2012 to 2022 are projected to be in occupations that typically can be entered with a high school diploma

638.4 448.5

3,143.6 1,046.0

1,337.1 225.0

4,630.8 4,158.4 Doctoral or professional degree

Master's degree Bachelor's degree Associate's degree Postsecondary non-degree award Some college, no degree High school diploma or equivalent Less than high school

Thousands of jobs, projected 2012–22

Most new jobs from 2012 to 2022 will not require a college degree.

About 4.6 million new jobs will require only a high school diploma or equivalent and 4.2 million new jobs will require less than a high school diploma. About 3.1 million new jobs are projected to be in occupations requiring a bachelor’s degree for entry.

Occupations requiring a high school diploma or less than high school as the typical entry‐level education include very large occupations that are projected to add many jobs.

These occupations include retail salespersons; combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food; and secretaries and administrative assistants.

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Apprenticeship occupations are projected to grow the fastest during the 2012–22 decade

11.2%

22.2%

8.3%

9.7%

12.9%

Internship/residency

Apprenticeship

Long-term OJT (more than 12 months)

Moderate-term OJT (1-12 months)

Short-term OJT (less than 1 month)

None

Percent change, projected 2012-22 Average, all occupations = 10.8%

With regard to on‐the‐job training (OJT), the fastest employment growth is projected to be in occupations that typically require an apprenticeship. Most of the apprenticeship occupations are construction occupations. The construction industry was greatly affected by the 2007–09

recession. Rapid growth is projected for many construction occupations as the industry recovers from the recession;

however, this growth represents only a partial recovery of jobs lost.

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Most high school occupations require on-the-job training

4%

13%

45%

29%

9%

Apprenticeship

Long-term OJT (more than 12 months) Moderate-term OJT (more than 1 month and up to 12 months) Short-term OJT (less than 1 month) None

Occupations in the high school category by on-the-job training (OJT) assignment, 2012

Most occupations that typically require only a high school diploma or equivalent also require on‐the‐job training (OJT) to attain competency in the skills needed in the occupation. In 2012, 91 percent of occupations assigned high school as the typical entry‐level education required OJT. OJT includes occupation‐specific training, not job‐specific training. With occupation‐specific training, the skills learned can be transferred to another job in the same occupation.

In 2012, about 45 percent of occupations assigned high school as the typical entry‐ level

education needed moderate‐

term OJT.

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Occupations that typically require

postsecondary education for entry have higher wages

$96,420

$63,400

$67,140

$57,590

$34,760

$28,730

$35,170

$20,110 Median annual wages, May 2012

Less than high school High school diploma or equivalent

Some college, no degree Postsecondary non-degree award

Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Master's degree Doctoral or professional degree

Median wage, all occupations = $34,750

Occupations that typically require postsecondary education for entry (except some college, no degree) paid more than $34,750—the median annual wage for all occupations in May 2012.

The highest median wage was for doctoral or professional degree occupations. Workers in occupations typically requiring a bachelor’s degree or master’s degree for entry were paid more than $60,000 per year, and

bachelor’s degree occupations were paid a little more than master’s degree occupations. Master’s degree

occupations include various counselor, therapist, and social work occupations, which tend to be lower‐paying

occupations.

The median annual wage for

occupations that need a high diploma for entry was a little more than the overall median wage. However, there are high‐paying occupations in this category; twenty‐one had median annual wages of more than $60,000. All

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Median wages are highest for occupations that typically require 5 years or more of work experience

$90,760

$52,270

$32,260

Median annual wages, May 2012

None

Less than 5 years

5 years or more

Median wage, all occupations = $34,750

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Program and Occupational Employment Statistics Survey.

Median annual wages are highest for occupations that typically require 5 years or more of work experience in a related occupation. Most of the occupations that typically need work experience are managers or supervisors. The highest‐paying occupation that typically requires 5 years or more work experience is chief executives at $168,140; that occupation typically requires a bachelor’s degree for entry.

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For more information on the BLS education and training system, visit

April 2012 Monthly Labor Review “Employment projections through the lens of education and training”

Methodology http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_education_tech.htm

Definitions for the categories http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_definitions_edtrain.pdf

Data tables

Education and training categories by detailed occupation http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_112.htm Employment by summary education and training assignment, 2012 and projected 2022

http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_education_summary.htm