Force and T orque Sensors
Plastics
100% Quality
Injection Molding
France Kistler France ZA de Courtabœuf 1 15, avenue du Hoggar 91953 Les Ulis cedex Tel. +33 1 69 18 81 81 [email protected] Germany Kistler Instrumente GmbH Daimlerstrasse 6 73760 Ostfildern Tel. +49 711 34 07 0 [email protected] Italy Kistler Italia s.r.l.Via Ruggero di Lauria, 12/B 20149 Milano Tel. +39 02 481 27 51 [email protected] Netherlands Kistler B.V. Nederland Leeghwaterstraat 25 2811 DT Reeuwijk Tel. +31 182 304 444 [email protected] Korea, Republic of Kistler Korea Co., Ltd. Gyeonggi Venture Anyang Technical College Center 801 572-5, Anyang-Dong, Manan-Gu, Anyang-City, Gyeonggi-Do 430-731 Tel. +82 31 465 6013
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Europe
Austria Kistler GmbH Lemböckgasse 49f 1230 Wien Tel. +43 1 867 48 67 0 [email protected] Czech Republic/Slovakia Kistler, s.r.o. Zelený pruh 99/1560 140 00 Praha 4 Tel. +420 296 374 878 [email protected] Denmark/Norway/Sweden Kistler Nordic AB Aminogatan 34 431 53 Mölndal Tel. +46 31 871 566 [email protected] Finland Kistler Nordic AB Särkiniementie 3 00210 Helsinki Tel. +358 9 612 15 66 [email protected]Asia
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Kistler worldwide
Switzerland/Liechtenstein Kistler Instrumente AG Verkauf Schweiz Eulachstrasse 22 8408 Winterthur Tel. +41 52 224 12 32 [email protected] United Kingdom Kistler Instruments Ltd. 13 Murrell Green Business Park London Road Hook, Hampshire RG27 9GR Tel. +44 1256 74 15 50 [email protected]America
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Other countries
Kistler Instrumente AG Export Sales Eulachstrasse 22, 8408 Winterthur Switzerland Tel. +41 52 224 11 11 [email protected] Gr oup PlasticsKistler –
Your partner for efficiency and quality
Sensors and systems for optimizing,moni-toring and documenting the quality data during injection molding processes is only part of the solutions for the industry pro-vided by the Kistler Group. With headquar- ters in Switzerland, we supply plastics pro- cessing solutions as well as sensors and systems for combustion engines, automo-tive engineering, mechanical production and biomechanical engineering.
Our core competence lies in the develop-ment, production and implementation of sensors for pressure, force, torque and acceleration measurement. Kistler electro-nic systems and expertise used for proces-sing measurement signals allow the analy-ses of physical procesanaly-ses, process control and optimization as well as the enhance-ment of product quality for the processing industry.
Every year, Kistler invests 10% of its sales in research and development – for inno-vative and efficient technical solutions at the leading edge of technology.
With a combined workforce of around 850, the Kistler Group is the world market leader in dynamic measurement techno- logy. 23 group companies worldwide and more than 30 distributors ensure close contact with the customer, individualized application engineering support and short lead times.
Product overview by type numbers
1200A79 56 1200A81 56 1200A83 55 1200A85 56 1200A95A1 56 1200A95A2 56 1200A103A… 54 1207 67 1209 67 1300A81 67 1300A83 67 1315A 67 1356 67 1358A 67 1362A 67 1363 67 1383 67 1457A1A… 54 1457A2A… 54 1500A42A… 54 1500A43A… 54, 55 1500A45A... 55 1500A47A… 54 1645C... 51 1661A... 53 1662A... 53 1666A1 51 1666A2 51 1666A3 51 1666A4 51
Type
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Type
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Type
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Type
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Type
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9204B... 43 9210A... 43 9211B... 43 9213B... 43 9221A... 44 9223A... 44 9238AQ… 48 9243B... 45 9247A... 45 9827A1392 48 9827A2491 48 RAG... 48 1667B... 53 1672B... 53 1700A62 55 1700B5 53 1705B7 53 1708A0 52 1710A0 52 1839 53 1955A... 51 1961A... 51 1963A... 51 1991A... 52 1995A... 52 1997A... 52 1999A1A0,5 52 1999A2A0,5 52 2205A… 60 2207A 60 2219B... 51 2219BG 51 2219BG1 51 2231A1 54, 55 2290A... 53 2295A... 53 2805A-02-2 65 2829A-03-2 65 2855A6 61 2863 56 2865B… 64 2869B1... 63 2869B2... 63 2869B3... 63 4013B... 49 4083A... 49 5039A... 59 5049A221 59 5063A1 60 5063A2 60 5155A... 59 5227A1 60 5415A1 52 5415A2 52 5415A3 52 5415A4 52 5493 68 5613A1 61 5613A2 61 5613A3 61 5629A3 63 5689A10 54 5781A2 55 5783A1 55 5991 68 5993A1 68 5993A1Y49 68 6152AA... 33 6152AB... 33 6152AC... 33 6152AD... 33 6155AE 35 6157BA... 34 6157BB... 34 6157BC... 34 6157BD... 34 6158A... 36 6159A... 36 6159A...U6 36 6167A... 39 6172AA... 38 6172AC... 38 6177AA... 38 6177AC... 38 6178A... 39 6178AC... 39 6182B… 35 6182BC… 35 6183A... 37 6183AC... 37 6184AA… 37 6189A... 40 6190CA... 40 6192B... 41 6193B... 42 6194B... 42 6195B... 41 6829A... 46 6831B... 46 6833A... 47
Unisens® and PiezoStar® are registered trademarks of Kistler Holding AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
Windows XP® and Windows 2000® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
Viton® is a registered trademark of DuPont Performance Elastomers
Teflon® is a registered trademark of DuPont
Photos by
Schöttli AG, Diessenhofen, Switzerland
Sumitomo (SHI) Demag Plastics Machinery, Schwaig, Germany BIRO Edwin Bischof AG, Romanshorn, Switzerland
The benefits of mold cavity pressure measurement
More efficient processes – better quality 4
More productivity – lower costs 6
The fundamentals of mold cavity pressure measurement
The pressure profile and its interpretation 8
Using the mold cavity pressure in practical applications
Measuring: Sensors and their positioning 10
Connecting: Safe transmission with suitable cables 14 Analyzing: Automatic process monitoring, real-time control
and documentation of injection molding process 16
Analyzing: Analysis and optimization of injection molding process 18 Analyzing: Integrating into machine control systems 20
Sensors for mold cavity pressure measurement 22
Measuring chains for cavity pressure measurement 24 Sensors and systems for injection molding machines
Measuring the clamping force, tie bar extension and the
melt pressure 28
Sensors and measuring chains for injection molding machines 30 Product details/Product range
Measuring: Sensors 32
Connecting: Connecting and extension cables 50
Amplifying: Charge amplifiers 58
Analyzing: Optimizing, monitoring and documentation systems 62
Accessories/Tools 66
The Benefits of Cavity Pressure Measurement Systems
Modern injection molding technology isfaced with ever more exacting require-ments and a rising number of complex injection molding processes. Equipped with high-performance systems based on measuring the pressure in the mold cavi-ty, injection molding machines are able to produce flawless high-quality parts. These systems can automatically moni-tor, optimize and control injection mold- ing processes, boost productivity and cut costs.
During the first decades of industrial in-jection molding the development of con-trol systems focused on machine parame-ters alone. However, these processes had a rather limited informative value or bene- fit for users. From the early 1990s on, it became clear that for many applications, high process constancy and optimum part
quality could only be ensured over a long period of time by using measuring systems which focused on the pressure in the mold cavity.
Mold cavity pressure measurement and systems using cavity pressure for moni-toring and controlling injection molding processes offer a range of technical and economical benefits such as the following: • Reduction of the reject quota • Optimization of the cycle time • Shortening of installation and setup times • Minimization of material requirements • Reduction of personnel costs • Less energy costs • Active mold protection
Systems measuring the pressure in the mold cavity are almost fully automatic and easy to operate. Piezoelectric sensors have proved to be suitable for both direct and indirect cavity pressure measurement. Modern system solutions operate with a closed circuit which includes mold cavity pressure recording with the help of piezo-electric sensors, smart electronic equipment and ergonomic software.
The processes within the mold are crucial to the quality of the injection molded parts, yet they can never be viewed directly. At- tempts at describing process phases in terms of machine parameters such as hy-draulic pressure, have not yielded any suc- cess. The main reason for this lies in the fact that machine parameters cannot re- cord the effects of sprue solidification or melt compressibility.
More Efficient Processes – Better Quality
Mold cavity pressure is the mostinformative process parameter
Only a continuous documentation of the mold cavity pressure profile yields a de-tailed record of the processes occurring during the injection, compression and holding pressure phases of injection mold- ing. Only this parameter correlates with all other quality-related part properties such as weight, morphology, fidelity of reproduction, flashes, sink marks, voids, shrinkage and warpage.
The mold cavity pressure not only opti- mizes the switch-over from compression to holding pressure, in each cycle, its pro- file can also be used as a criterion for de- termining the switch-over point. It allows better maintenance of the tight part weight tolerances and numerous other quality features than any other switch-over strat- egy, be it based on the hydraulic pressure, screw stroke or time.
Quality assurance and documentation with the help of mold cavity pressure control
The documentation of the mold cavity pressure not only proves the quality of the finished part but also allows selective monitoring and early detection of process deviations. Useful algorithms such as sta-tistic process control or neuronal networks can deliver very precise information on the effect of the mold cavity pressure and other process or machine parameters on the mold quality.
Precise assessment of the molded parts re- quires systems which analyze their weight and dimensions as well as correlating fea-tures such as streaks and other surface defects while also providing automatic control of reject/accept gates. In the near future, most modern injection molding systems are likely to rely on an automatic determination of the optimum process parameters.
Mold cavity pressure control systems are reliable and durable
Despite the high number of benefits, many injection molders are still skeptical when it comes to mold cavity pressure control. On the one hand, they are averse to the in- vestment costs and on the other hand they anticipate downtimes and follow-up costs. Experience shows, however, that improp- er handling of the sensors during installa-tion, maintenance or mold changes is the main cause of machine downtimes. The systems themselves have proven their stur- diness, reliability and durability.
The large-scale production of high-quality, cost-efficient parts provides a competitive edge and as such it is the decisive criteri- on for the success of any injection mold- ing business. In its wake, quality assuran-ce will attain major importanassuran-ce for all in-jection molding processes. With a view to increasingly complex processes and more exacting quality requirements, only ma- chines with high-performance systems which are based on cavity pressure con-trol will be able to deliver flawless high-quality molded parts.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Walter Michaeli Institute of Plastics Processing (IKV) at RWTH Aachen University
During mold sampling
+ Initial machine settings without mold filling studies
+ A faster procedure saves time + Significant cost reduction During optimization
+ Automatic calculation of switch- over point
+ Optimum cavity pressure profile + Minimum cooling and holding pressure times
+ Minimum cycle times During mold set-up
+ Optimum part quality even after machine changes
+ No time-consuming part quality testing required
+ Shorter set-up times
The cavity pressure profile represents a "fingerprint" that reveals all of the im- portant effects of injection molding con-ditions – including process defects, irre-gularities and molding flaws. This curve is therefore vital in determining the cor-relation between these conditions and molding characteristics. Consistent appli-cation of cavity pressure measurement therefore generates benefits along the en- tire product chain – from mold sampling through to production documentation. Mold sampling without mold filling studies
Mold sampling or, to be more exact, the acceptance of molded parts for large-scale production, is a time-consuming process for processors as it often involves numer- ous mold corrections and trial runs. In this development phase, cavity pressure meas- urement systems can be used to analyze the process and to determine initial ma- chine settings without mold filling studies. Moreover, the cavity pressure signal is an important tool for uncovering errors and problems at an early stage, which also min- imizes the number of required repetitive mold sampling procedures. As these sys-tems reduce the time consumed for mold sampling to a minimum, they also help to curb costs. Practical experience shows that mold cavity pressure systems can reduce the time and effort used for mold sampling by up to 75%.
cycle times without affecting the quality of the molded parts and therefore allow the determination of optimum times for injection and holding pressure without trial and error.
Fingerprint of cavity pressure ensures faster mold setup
Use of this reference curve as a "finger- print" of molding helps significantly short- en setup times. This reference curve of the cavity pressure is determined and saved during process optimization as soon as the optimum part quality has been achieved. During set-up, the machine operator only needs to change the machine setting pa- rameters until the closest approximation between the current cavity pressure profi-le and the reference curve for optimum part quality has been achieved. In this way, even machines which show signs of wear and machines from different manu- facturers will deliver molded parts with identical properties. This approach dis- penses with the need for time-consuming part quality tests, which are normally re- quired as a consequence of changes to the machine settings.
The Benefits of Cavity Pressure Measurement Systems
Optimum quality, minimum cooling and cycle times
One essential element of process optimi-zation is the attempt to find an efficient production method and a safe processing window. A process with an optimum cav- ity pressure profile will yield high-quality parts. The achievement of minimum cycle times and sufficient part quality are at the heart of this phase. Adapting the mold cavity pressure will help implement shorter
For more information on this topic, please refer to p. 16 onwards.
More Productivity – Lower Costs
Zero-defect production on a large scale During large-scale production, the mold cavity pressure is used for a continuous monitoring of the quality of the molded parts. If this quality fails to meet the re-quired standards, an accept/reject flipper gate or a handling device can be used to separate the defective parts from the batch. This integrated quality assurance system ensures the detection of flawed parts at the earliest possible stage of the production and as such is prerequisite to the implementation of "lean" production condi-tions. Moreover, this approach re- duces the reject quota and helps achieve an error-free production. This in turn boosts the productivity of the machine as a con-sequence of an improved utilization and lower production costs.
Real-time control
Modern cavity pressure systems allow open-loop and closed-loop control of the injection molding process. For example, in cascade injection molding the needle valve nozzles can be opened when the melt reaches a certain threshold pressure. With this method of control, the cavity
During large-scale production + Zero-defect production + Automatic reject separation + Automatic reduction of batch scrape rate
+ No quality inspection required + No sorting on the machine + Reduction of customer complaints + No returned batches
+ Higher level of customer satisfaction + Higher supplier ranking
+ Moving into "Lean Production" + Real-time control of process For quality assurance
+ 100% certified quality for each individual part
+ Cost reduction for part quality control
+ Automatic documentation of quality data
Advantages
pressure allows the position of the melt to be freely and reproducibly defined and not – as with using – linked to a fixed position. Other examples of open-loop and closed-loop control functions based on the cavity pressure profile include the injection start- ing for fluid signal with water and gas in- jection technology (WIT & GAIM), the starting signal for a stroke in injection-com- pression molding and many other func-tions. Cavity pressure is the only
parame-Documented quality
The cavity pressure profile determined dur- ing the production process is a clear re- flection of the quality of the parts pro- duced and is therefore useful material for documentation. This way, random checks according to the statistic process control (SPC) based on cavity pressure measure-ment evolve into a 100% quality assur- ance procedure. Cavity pressure measure-ment delivers the relevant data to certify of every individual injection molded part. It reduces the cost of part quality control and provides an automatic documentation of process data which is readily available for both producers and customers even years after active part production.
The Fundamentals of Mold Cavity Pressure
Measurement
� � � � � �The cavity pressure within an injection mold delivers very precise information about the filling phase, the pack phase and the holding pressure phase. Gaining an insight into some physical correlations facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the cavity pressure profile during ac- tive processes.
The cavity pressure profile
At the onset of the filling phase (1) plasti-cized polymer material enters the cavity. As soon as the flow front reaches the sen-sor (2), pressure is registered. The pres-sure should rise in a near-linear gradient parallel to the duration of the filling time. During volumetric filling of the cavity, the filling phase has been completed (3) and the plasticized material is compacted dur- ing the compression phase to ensure the reproduction of the contours of the mold
cavity. The holding pressure phase follows after the maximum cavity pressure has been reached (4). The holding pressure phase compensates for the high thermal contraction of the polymer material – i.e., the reduction of its volume following the cooling down process – by introducing more material. Up to 10% of the part volume is being pushed into the cavity during this production phase. The fact that the molded part starts to cool down and solidify near the cavity wall inhibits the pressure transfer. The melt flow from the area in front of the screw to the cavi-ty is slowed down as the viscosicavi-ty of the material increases and the flow channel becomes more constricted in the process. The progressive solidification of the plas- ticized material in the gate area (5) and the progressive thermal contraction cau-ses the pressure within the cavity to drop to ambient levels (6). 1 ... 2 Time Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Time Time Time 2 ... 3 3 3 ... 6 Cavity pressure Cavity pressure Time Hydraulic pressure
The Pressure Profile and its Interpretation
During the mold filling phase, the differentcharacteristics of plasticized amorphous or semi-crystalline polymers are immaterial as long as their viscosity is identical. How- ever, both materials display a different compression behavior. A higher amount of semi-crystalline material than amorphous material needs to be introduced into the cavity at the beginning of the holding pres- sure phase to achieve a pressure build-up. When the melt cools down during the holding pressure phase, more semi-crys- talline material must be introduced into the cavity to compensate for the volume contraction and to prevent voids in the finished part.
Specific characteristics of amorphous thermoplastics
During the holding pressure phase of in-jection molding processes involving amor-phous polymers such as polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), sty-rene-acrylo-nitrile (SAN), polymethyl me-thacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the mold cavity pressure drops to ambient pressure levels parallel to the declining part tempe-rature in the wake of an increasing visco-sity and the corresponding deterioration of the pressure transfer from the area in front of the screw.
Specific characteristics of semi-crystalline thermoplastics
Due to an initially sufficient pressure trans- fer during injection molding processes in- volving semi-crystalline materials such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and polyoxymethylene (POM) there is almost no change in the mold cavity pressure during the period after the compression phase and the on-set of the crystalline melting point. After that, however, the significant volume con- traction during crystallization brings about a sudden drop in the pressure. The dura- tion of the holding pressure phase de- pends on factors such as the wall thick-ness of the molded part, the degree of crystallization and the processing parame-ters. The crystalline melting point of semi-crystalline materials for example, is de-pendent on the prevailing cavity pressure.
Cavity pressure Time Cavity pressure Time
Installation options
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
Unisens® technology
eliminates adjustments
Piezoelectric sensors discharge electri- city proportionate to the cavity pres- sure. The proportionality is referred to as sensitivity and is measured in pico- coloumbs per bar (pC/bar). Under nor-mal circumstances, this sensitivity va- ries within narrow limits and must be manually adjusted on the measuring system or the injection molding ma- chine.
Unisens technology made by Kistler dispenses with this fine-tuning effort as the sensors operate with a fixed sensitivity. Unisens facilitates machine and system adjustment and also pre-vents erroneous input.
Core competence
Accurate pressure data that is suitable for analysis can only be acquired by means of reliable and precise measuring techno-logy. The mold cavity pressure can be measured directly, indirectly, contact-free or together with the contact temperature. The position of the sensors within the mold plays a crucial role in this process.
At the same time, high-resolution and reli- able, sturdy, maintenance-free and dura- ble measuring equipment is prerequisite to the reliable acquisition of the pressure and temperature data during the injection mold- ing process. Stringent quality requirements for molded parts generate a demand for increasingly precise measurement systems. These systems are expected to register and balance minute pressure variations even at a pressure of 2 000 bar.
Kistler sensors with their dimensions meet the exacting requirements of modern injec- tion molding technology and all its special processing methods. They have an almost unlimited service life, deliver highly linear measuring results, cover a wide frequen- cy range up to 100 kHz and operate inde- pendently of the temperature. Piezoelectric cavity pressure sensors made by Kistler can withstand mold temperatures of up to 300 °C and any required melt temperature.
Kistler supplies a whole range of cavity pressure sensors with a standard uniform sensitivity. Equipped with Unisens techno-logy, each sensor comes with a guaran- teed uniform sensitivity within a minimal tolerance range. Therefore, the electronic equipment does not require any individual adjustment.
Practical application
There are two installation options to accommodate different mold concepts: • Sensor secured with mounting nut and
• Sensor with adapting spacer sleeve for direct attachment below the mold platen
Sensor fitted directly into the drilled hole
Installation and extraction tools Spacer sleeve
For more information on this topic, please refer to p. 33 onwards.
Measuring: Sensors and their Positioning
Direct, indirect and
contact-free pressure
measurement
Mold cavity pressure can be measured in- directly, without contact or in combination with the contact temperature.
Direct cavity measurement
During direct measuring, the sensor comes into contact with the plasticized polymer material within the mold cavity and meas-ures its pressure directly and without a transmission aid. These sensors can be in-stalled in the drilled holes in the mold with or without an adapter.
Most sensors allow an adaptation of the sensor front to suit the cavity structure in order to prevent impressions in the mold- ed part. Sensors for direct measurement are available in different dimensions and with front diameters of 6, 4, 2,5, 1,2 or 1 mm. This allows them to be easily and reliably integrated into injection molds.
Indirect measurement behind the ejector or measuring pin
Alternatively, the force behind the ejector or measuring pin can be determined and converted to yield the actual pressure by means of the pin diameter. Indirect meas- uring is recommended for applications which do not leave enough room for a di- rect sensor. Some of the design rules re- lating to ejectors or measuring pins have to be taken into account with indirect measurement.
Special sensors for molds with inserts For injection molds assembled with in- serts, Kistler offers the adapter-based sen-sor Type 6155AE. This sensen-sor is mounted in the base plate, where it remains to pro-tect cables and sensor during installation or removal of an insert. In the case of molds without inserts, rather than in the base plate the sensor is mounted in the second cavity plate, where it stays even when the mold is disassembled.
Contact-free measurement of cavity pressure
Optical components such as lenses or light guides, and moldings with class A surfaces for the automobile industry, must not have any impressions left by sensors. Direct measuring sensors also produce changes in the temperature field near the wall of the mold that could degrade optical pro-perties. For such critical applications the cavity pressure can also be measured with- out contact.
Measuring pin sensors Type 9243B… and 9247A… are mounted in the mold struc-ture behind the wall of the cavity, or in the compression punch, where they meas- ure the strain of the steel caused by the cavity pressure. Positioning the sensors away from the surface of the cavity avoids them affecting the temperature field in the vicinity.
For more information on this topic, please refer to p. 43 onwards.
For more information on this topic, please refer to p. 45 onwards.
Both the monitoring of moldings prone to warpage or distortion, and process analy- sis in general, benefit from measurement of the parameter of temperature in addi- tion to cavity pressure.
The combination pressure-temperature sensor measures both the cavity pressure and the contact temperature in the same location at the molded part. While the cav- ity pressure sensor measures the pressure, a fast-transmission method is used to measure the temperature: both thermo-couple cables run separately to the sensor
Combined sensors
Temperature sensors
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
500 Cavity pressure (bar)
Time (s) P near the gate
T near the gate
P away from the gate T away from the gate Contact temperature (°C) 400 300 200 100 0 4 8 12 16 20 0 250 200 150 100 50 0
front, where they are welded to a mocouple type K (Ni-CrN). As the ther-mocouple is positioned at the tip of the sensor, it measures the contact tempera-ture of the melt. Thus, even minute va- riations in contact temperature, which can be caused by changes such as a fal-ling or rising melt temperature, can be monitored.
For more information on this topic, please refer to p. 41 onwards. For more information on this topic,
please refer to p. 40 onwards.
Kistler sensors for temperature measure-ment are based on the same principle. Their front diameters correspond to those specified for pressure sensors (ø4 mm, ø2,5 mm and ø1 mm) and are compati- ble with standard cavity pressure sensors.
Practical application
Accurate positioning of the cavity pres- sure sensor is important for a sufficient du- ration of informative value of the meas- ured values. Both the position of the sen-sor in relation to the gate and the wall-thickness of the part at the installation point are of particular importance. Measurement near the gate
The cavity pressure profile during the fil-ling phase is measured when the melt flow front has reached the sensor. A meaning-ful and long-term measuring result is ac-quired near the gate and in the vicinity of the highest wall thickness as thick areas take longer to solidify. Sensor positioning should take into account both the fastest and the slowest melt setting points. In cav- ities with several gates, measurements should be taken from critical areas of the molded part.
Measurement away from the gate The greater the distance from the gate, the later the melt flow front reaches the sensor, the later the pressure is registered and the higher the filling level must be to actually allow pressure measurement. Con- sequently, data about the filling phase can- not be displayed until the sensor has been reached. Measurement on the edge of a molded part, i.e. away from the gate or at the end of the flow path yields a signal on- ly when the pressure rises suddenly during the compression phase. Mea surement po- sitions away from the gate are beneficial only for protecting components such as threaded spindles or core pullers from dam- age caused by pressure peaks or for mon- itoring specific quality problems at the end of the flow path.
Basic rules for accurate sensor positioning
1. The cavity pressure sensor should be installed near the gate, where the pres-sure in the molded part is highest. The closer the sensor is positioned to the gate, the more detailed the delivered process information.
2. The sensor must be installed within the cavity and not in the gate. Sensors installed in the gate will fail to transmit signals and monitor the process during the residual cooling phase after the gate has been sealed or after the onset of shrinkage.
3. If possible, the sensor should be posi-tioned at the thickest cross section of the molded part where the melt solidi-fies last and the duration of the pressure is most extensive.
4. The installation of a second sensor away from the gate for measuring large parts with a critical flow path/wall thick-ness ratio is recommended for the acqui- sition of additional part quality data. 5. Sensors must not be installed directly opposite the gate as they will measure an additional dynamic force component which will override and distort the cavity pressure signal.
Positioning the sensor
in the mold
1./3. 2. 4. 5.
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
Cables ensure the accurate transmission of all signals from the sensor to the mold connector, from the mold to the monitor- ing system or the charge amplifier, and from the charge amplifier to the injection molding machine. Kistler cables exploit- ing single-wire and multichannel techno- logy are the only means of ensuring de- monstrably correct use of sensors. Connecting cable:
from sensor to connector
Kistler pressure sensors are available with conventional coaxial cables with two con-ductors or with the single-wire technolo-gy. The cables have only one wire and the connector is no longer an integral part of the cable (see box "Single-wire technolo- gy"). With multi-cavity molds, multichan- nel connectors bundle the connecting ca- bles of all of the sensors and route just one cable to the process monitoring sys- tem. For each sensor, two-conductor coax- ial cables have one connector, for which sufficient space has to be provided in the mold. Single-wire technology (Fig. 1) has supplanted the coaxial cable (Fig. 2) in most applications.
Extension cable: from mold connector to monitoring system
The sensor's connector is mounted on the outside of the mold. From here, the dis-tance to either the Kistler CoMo Injection or DataFlow systems or to the charge amplifier, which is usually firmly installed on the injection molding machine, has to be bridged. For this application, Kistler pro-vides extension cables in a variety of de- signs, depending on the production envi-ronment and the distance to be covered, and a wide range of different sheathings and cable lengths (Fig. 3, 4). Kistler multi-channel cabling technology in particular has made connection of sensors to sys- tems much simpler and more reliable.
Connecting cable: from system to machine or peripheral equipment The monitoring systems and peripheral equipment or the change amplifiers and machines are linked with a connection cable. This has a connector for the system (Fig. 5) and a choice of interface for the injection molding machine or peripheral equipment (Fig. 6). Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 6
For more information on this topic, please refer to p. 51 onwards.
Connecting: Safe Transmission with Suitable Cables
Single-wire technologyWith single-wire technology, the cable on- ly has one wire without shielding and the connector no longer forms part of the ca- ble. The shielding is provided by the injec-tion mold instead. The very thin single-wire cable can be flexibly installed in drilled cable ducts and cut to length. A fully inte-grated special cut and grip system makes it easy to attach the connector to the ca- ble. Single-wire technology cuts planning time and design costs, takes up less space in the mold, speeds up sensor mounting and allows the user to repair any damag- ed cable.
Multichannel cabling technology
In multi-cavity molds or molds with several sensors per cavity, single-wire technology provides the basis for grouping the diffe-rent individual leads in a common cable. When connecting the mold and CoMo Injection or DataFlow, up to eight cables and connectors can now be replaced with just one multichannel cable and one mul- tichannel connector Type 1708A… or 1710A… .
By eliminating accommodation of more than one connector, multichannel cabling reduces mold space requirements. This drastically cuts cabling and setup costs and time. By relegating mix-ups to the past, Kistler multichannel technology en- sures the entire process is more reliable.
The most important benefits of single-wire technology: + Cost-efficient mold making
+ The cables run through drilled holes + Easy installation with detachable connector
+ Mold makers can shorten cables as required
+ The user can repair any cable damage
+ Small cable diameters and multi- channel cabling allow easy instal- lation in multi-cavity molds
Advantages
The most important benefits of multichannel cabling technology: + Sensor connections cannot be mixed up
+ Installation in the mold is quicker and easier than with coaxial cables with two conductors
+ Just one cable is used from the mold to the monitoring system + Compact mounting in the mold
Advantages
Multichannel cabling technology for pressure and temperature signals
Combined pressure and temperature meas- urements are also possible with multichan- nel cabling: in addition to the pressure channels on the multichannel connector Type 1708A… or 1710A…, grip tech- nology is used to connect the tempera- ture channels of the pressure and tempe-rature sensors to the miniaturized ther- mocouple amplifier Type 2205A… with two or four channels. Connection to the CoMo Injection process monitoring sys- tem only requires a single cable for up to four temperature signals. The thermo-couple amplifier supports the combined pressure and temperature sensors Type 6189A… and 6190CA… .
Type 1710A...
The ultimate aim of process monitoring is to save money by automatically detec-ting rejects and reducing the cost of qua-lity inspection. CoMo Injection is Kistler's system for cavity pressure based optimi-zation, real-time control, monitoring and documentation of injection molding with reject separation.
The system provides all of the process and quality data for process monitoring and reject separation. The compact CoMo Injection Type 2869B… is easily configured and practical in this industrial application. It uses simple connection technology and process-oriented control for ease of inte-gration into a variety of production envi-ronments.
The different CoMo Injection models are equipped with up to 16 inputs for piezo-electric pressure sensors and four or eight inputs for voltage signals (for example for temperature). All of the cavity pressure sensors of a multi-cavity mold are connec- ted to the CoMo injection unit by means of multichannel cabling. This makes
con-nection quicker and easier, requires less space in the mold, protects against prob- lems from cable mix-ups and shortens the setup time.
CoMo Injection provides all of the func-tions required for process monitoring and reject separation, and ensures ease of con- figuration. A real-time threshold allows dynamic control of a wide range of injec-tion molding processes on the basis of ca- vity pressure during the cycle.
Easy configuration, setup and operation Configuration, setting up and operation of CoMo Injection are highly intuitive and rely on the 12,1" color touch screen dis-play Type 5629A3 or a standard PC or laptop with browser. Operation of the CoMo Injection reflects the routine steps involved in setting up injection molding machines. The setup procedure is follow- ed by process optimization, production and finally quality assurance. Process and quality data is managed and saved for each order and batch.
Digital communication and networkability
To enable integration with a machine con- trol/handling system or scrap separation device, the CoMo Injection has a total of 12 outputs and 5 inputs, all of which are electrically isolated.
CoMo Injection can be networked using Ethernet (TCP/IP). On company LANs, in parallel with injection molding produc-tion the unit allows a producproduc-tion moni-toring and support option across different sites and even continents. Experts in one factory can then help colleagues in anoth- er remedy acute problems (trouble-shoot- ing) and optimize processes using just the standard license-free JavaTM in combina- tion with a standard browser, such as In- ternet ExplorerTM or Mozilla Firefox.
CoMo Injection
• analyzes the cavity pressure profile • in order to evaluate moldings and separate rejects
• offers all the practical tools needed for process optimization and cycle time reduction
• uses real-time functions for innovati- ve control of even special processes • is easily configured in steps related to the process
• exploits multichannel cabling for faster setting up of molds with pres- sure sensors
• offers a comprehensive, standard- ized base configuration
• operates on a standalone basis without a PC
• is available with an optional display; • with option of comprehensive pro- duction and quality statistics plus analysis functions
(CoMo MIS Type 2829A…).
At a glance
For more details of multichannel cabling, please refer to p. 15 onwards.
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
Analyzing: Automatic Process Monitoring,
Real-Time Control and Documentation
CoMo MIS –
the Manufacturing Information System CoMo MIS Type 2829A… consists of a central database in which the process data of all of the installed CoMo Injec- tions is continuously stored via Ethernet. A browser is used to retrieve from the database information about all of the cur-rent and completed production jobs and batches.
Measuring chain with CoMo Injection Type 2869B…, reject diverter and CoMo MIS Type 2829A... in network
Statistics module in CoMo MIS Type 2829A... User interface of Curve Viewer The following information about all
batches is clearly displayed:
• status of batch (in production or com- pleted),
• percentage of good parts, with indica- tion of whether reject rate lies within defined tolerances,
At the same time the logically arranged display allows direct access to the CoMo Injection allocated to the batch. Thus, the current process data and curve are just a click away from this overview of a particu- lar batch.
The Curve Viewer allows all stored proc-ess data to be displayed in the form of curves. There is also a whole range of easi- ly chosen display options, such as curve superimposition, extensive analysis func-tions, selection of cycles and channels, etc. The data of a batch can be opened
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
The software tool DataFlow is used for process analysis, process optimization and monitoring of molds with more than 8 cavities. It supports the user along the entire process chain from mold valida- tion, setup and process optimization to production monitoring including statis- tical analysis and documentation.
The optimum analysis of measured pro-cess data is prerequisite to the utilization of cavity pressure and contact temperatu-re measutemperatu-rement equipment. DataFlow provided by Kistler operates with tools which support users across the entire pro-cess chain from mold sampling, setup and process optimization to production moni-toring including statistical analysis and do- cumentation. These functions are based on the determination of the cavity pres- sure and the contact temperature. Addi- tional information such as the hydraulic pressure can also be processed.
DataFlow is easy to operate as it runs on conventional personal computers or note-books under Windows XP® and Windows 2000®. Used in conjunction with Kistler elec- tronic equipment (system Type 2865B… or multi-cavity system Type 6829A…), DataFlow offers a comprehensive analy- sis and optimization system. It also hand-les monitoring and documentation of in- jection molding with more than cavities, even accommodating multicomponent techniques and multi-cavity family molds. DataFlow can control equipment such as reject gates and reversible belt conveyors or operate robot placing processes to en- sure that all parts are separated into re- jects and good parts.
Analyzing: Injection Molding Process Analysis
and Optimization
DataFlow provides a range of tools across the entire process chain:
During mold sampling and optimization, DataFlow provides process data in a vari-ety of different graphics in order to speed up the mold sampling process and to utili-ze the full optimization potential.
During process optimization, DataFlow can be used to determine process tolerance limits and to evaluate processing proper-ties based on the measured data. In this way, the system reduces mold sampling times and ensures a fast optimization of the process. The determined tolerance limits can be used for monitoring part properties and quality assurance during the produc-tion process and dispense with the need for manual examination.
During mold set-up, cavity pressure refer- ence curves can be stored. Optimized molds can be operated fast and efficiently on dif- ferent machines and the optimum operat- ing point can be determined quickly. During production DataFlow calculates from the measured process data maximum values, freely definable integrals, the fill- ing index and the injection work. More- over, the system allows the definition of tolerance ranges. Transgression of these tolerance ranges by the values recorded from the current process will either trigger an optical notification or lead to an acti-vation of the reject gates or robots.
DataFlow provides automatic quality as- surance for molds with large numbers of cavities and integrates it into the process. Trend graphics can predict errors in the ac- tive production process to eliminate them. Networking statistics allow statistical pro-duction analysis (cp, cpk values, produc-tion distribuproduc-tion) for the purpose of docu-mentation. Automatic reports provide a documentation of quality for customers. Statistics data generated by DataFlow can be used to detect and eliminate weak points in the production process and help to determine the reject quota while the production monitoring function can then be used to directly identify the cause of excessive rejects.
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
Kistler supplies a wide range of charge amplifiers for integration into machine control systems. While Type 5039A… is a single-channel charge amplifier, the Type 5155A… is equipped with several chan-nels for charge and temperature. The 1-, 2- and 4-channel amplifiers always have the same type of case and the same con-nector with an identical pin allocation. This minimizes the integration effort, even with constantly changing configurations. Charge amplifiers are indispensable for cavity pressure measurement. To accom-modate the wide variety of control hard-ware it is recommended that injection molding machine manufacturers factory fit suitable charge amplifiers to their ma- chines.
Charge amplifiers convert the charge out- put by a piezoelectric pressure sensor in- to a proportional voltage, which can be used as an input variable for monitoring and control processes. Smart charge am- plifiers can also utilize algorithms to transmit signals, e.g. for a cavity pressure based switchover of the injection mold- ing machines, which can be integrated directly into the machine's control system.
This switchover from the injection phase to the holding pressure phase based on mold cavity pressure is a standard feature of modern injection molding machines. The cavity pressure sensor is connected to the control system via a charge amplifier, which is accommodated in a robust case. The charge amplifier's output signals are analog. The real-time operation of charge amplifiers allows reliable control of high-speed processes on the basis of cavity pres- sure.
In addition to cavity pressure, the contact temperature is another important process parameter which can be used to comple-ment cavity pressure in process monitor- ing.
Type 5039A...
Type 5049A...
Type 5155A...
For more information on this topic, please refer to p. 59 onwards.
Analyzing: Integrating into Machine Control Systems
over point in a fully automatic and self-optimizing procedure. The signal transmit-ted by the SmartAmp triggers an automa-tic switch-over from injection to holding pressure.
The self-optimizing switch-over process is preceded by a fully automatic learning phase, which lasts 4 to 16 production cy- cles. This period is used to determine opti- mum parameters for the algorithms inte-grated into the charge amplifier.
The system significantly reduces the reject quota and controls the effects of batch variations on the process during the cycle. Due to the automatic recognition of the switch-over point, which dispenses with the repetitive process of mold filling stud- ies, the SmartAmp significantly facilitates mold set-up.
SmartAmp technology is integrated into the Type 5049A... one-channel charge amplifier and into the Type 5155A... multi-channel charge amplifier.
SmartAmp:
Self-optimizing switch-over
The switch-over point is an important pro- cess parameter with a significant effect on the quality and production cost of the molded part. The change over from in- jection to holding pressure must be exe-cuted in conjunction with a volumetric cavity filling.
Traditional methods use the injection time, the screw stroke or the hydraulic pressure to determine the switch-over point. All these methods operate according to the same principle, which involves the defini-tion of a threshold to trigger the switch-over. A suitable threshold is determined manually by means of repeated fillings without holding pressure. This approach is time-consuming, costly and has two ma- jor disadvantages:
• Modification of the injection profile requires a changing or reestablishing the threshold
• As the switch-over point does not account for process or material fluctu- ations, the switch-over is delayed or triggered prematurely
The cavity pressure profile yields accurate information on the volumetric filling pro-cess. Independent of the mold geometry, the cavity pressure rises dramatically after the holding pressure phase due to the com- pression of the melt. This kink in the curve has its starting point exactly at the onset of the volumetric filling process. Therefore, it is ideal for triggering the switch-over process in the machine.
Kistler has developed an algorithm, which is integrated into the SmartAmp charge amplifier to analyze the cavity pressure pro- files of a wide variety of different parts and determine the switch-over point in real time. By using the cavity pressure, SmartAmp technology with "self-optimi-zing over" identifies the
switch-��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � ���������������������������������������������������������������� ������������ ����������� �������� ����������� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � ���������������������������������������������������������������� ������������� ����������� �������� ����������� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � ���������������������������������������������������������������� ������������ ����������� �������� ����������� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � ���������������������������������������������������������������� ������������� ����������� �������� ����������� Self-optimizing switch-over Conventional switch-over Pressure (bar) Time (s) Pressure (bar) Time (s)
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
Sensors for measuring mold cavity pressure
and contact temperature during injection molding
With single-wire technology, the sensors Type 6152A…, 6157B…, 6159A…, 6167A…, 6172A…, 6177A…, 6178A…, 6182B…, 6183A… and 6184A… can be ordered in the multi-cavity system Type 6831B… .
Note: The Type numbers in the tables designate the sensors.
Direct Measurement
Variable
Pressure
Pressure and
Temperature
temperature
Pressure range
Standard
Low pressure
Standard/
0 ... 2 000 bar
0 ... 200 bar
low pressure
Material
Thermo-
Thermosets
Thermo-
Thermosets
Thermo-
plastics
Elastomers
plastics
Elastomers
plastics
plastics
LSR
LSR
Thermosets
Elastomers
LSR
Front ø (mm)
of sensor
1
6183A...
6193B...
1,2
6184A...
2,5
6158A...
6178A...
6189A...
6194B...
6159A...
6195B...
6182B...
4
6157B...
6157B...
6177A...
6177A...
6190CA...
6192B...
6155AE
6167A...
6
6152A...
6152A...
6172A...
6172A...
Indirect pressure measurement
Dimensions (mm)
ø3,5
9210A...
ø6
9211B...
9213B...
ø12,6
9204B...
6x6
9223A...
12,6x9,5
9221A...
Contact-free pressure measurement
Dimensions (mm)
M5
9247A...
Explanation of Type Designations
All Kistler sensors are available with coaxi-al or single-wire cabling technology. When selecting sensors it is important to use thecorrect suffix of the cable designation for the matching combination of sensor and cable.
Type designations for
single-wire cabling
technology
The single-wire sensors can be used with single- or multichannel technology. For single-channel technology these sen-sors are supplied with connectors (sensor type designation E or E1). All single-chan- nel connectors with single-wire and coax- ial cabling technology are 1-channel male Fischer connectors.
For multichannel technology in combi- nation with the multichannel connectors Type 1708A0 (4 channels) or Type 1710A0 (8 channels), sensors without connectors (sensor type designation G or G1) are used. System Type 6831B… contains sen-sors and multichannel connectors. The sensor type designations for single-wire technology have the following suffixes:
E Single-wire technology with 1.5 m cable length and single-channel con- nector. Example: Type 6157BAE E1 Single-wire technology with 5 m cable
length and single-channel connector. Example: Type 6157BAE1
G Single-wire technology with 1,5 m cable length without connector for multichannel applications with con- nector Type 1708A0 or Type 1710A0 (order connector separately). Example: Type 6157BAG
G1 Single-wire technology with 5 m cable length without connector for multi- channel applications with connector Type 1708A0 or Type 1710A0 (order connector separately).
Example: Type 6157BAG1
Type designations for co-
axial cabling technology
The sensor designations for coaxial cab-ling have the following suffixes: Sensors for operating temperatures up to 200 °C (with the exception of low-pressure sensors) are available with cable lengths of 0,2 / 0,4 / 0,6 and 0,8 m (ex- ample: Type 6157BA0,4 for 0,4 m cable length).
The suffix SP indicates a custom specific length between lmin = 0,1 m and lmax = 5 m, example for 3 m cable length Type 6157BASP l = 3 m.
Sensors for operating temperatures up to
300 °C and for low-pressure processes are equipped with cable length 0,4 m (example: Type 6157BB0,4).
The suffix SP indicates a custom specific length between lmin = 0,1 m and lmax = 5 m, example for 3 m cable length Type 6157BBSP l = 3 m.
Sensor types for coaxial technology are indicated in the tables by "…" (example: Type 6157BA…).
Sensor types with custom length are indi-cated in the tables by "SP" (example: Type 6157BASP).
Accessories
For all sensors with single-channeltech-nology
BNC extension cable Type 1661A…, 1667B…, TNC extension cable Type 1662A… and 1672B…
For all sensors with single-wire techno- logy without connector (Type variants G and G1)
4-channel connector Type 1708A0 and extension cable Type 1995A…, 8-channel connector Type 1710A0) and extension
1662A… and 1672B…, compensation lead Type 2290A… and 2295A… For combined pressure and temperature sensors Type 6190CA… and 6189A… without connector (Type variants G and G1)
Temperature amplifier Type 2205A… Multichannel connector Type 1708A… Multichannel connector Type 1710A... For temperature sensors with connector Compensation lead Type 2290A... and
Machine-integrated systems
Machine-integrated systems acquire meas- uring data and/or transmit switching sig-nals to the machine's control unit. These systems are available with one channel for pressure measurement or with multichan- nel systems for combined pressure and temperature measurement. The charge amplifiers are integrated into the injection molding machine. The machine's control system is responsible for process documen- tation.
Sensors, cables, charge amplifiers and systems must be combined in an efficient way. Only the perfect interaction of all components across the measurement chain can ensure a stable operation of the cavity pressure measurement system to the full benefit of the user.
Measuring chains are comprised of sen-sors, connecting cables, extension cables if required, charge amplifiers, connection cables or complete systems. The chains are used to set up control circuits for mo- nitoring, optimizing and controlling injec-tion molding processes and for documen- ting the acquired process data.
Using the Mold Cavity Pressure in Practical
Applications
P
4 P
T
P+T
Pressure and tempera-ture measurement with up to 4 channels, with SmartAmp function
Measure Connect Extend Amplify Option Connect Analyze
5039A... 5155A... 1667B..., 1672B... 1661A... 1662A... 1667B..., 1672B... 1661A... 1662A... 2295A...
Alternative option for P: 1661A..., 1662A... P
One-channel measure-ment, with SmartAmp function 5049A... 1500A57 1500A61 1557A10 2295A...
Machine-Integrated Systems
1667B..., 1672B... 1667B..., 1672B... SmartAmp One-channel pressure measurement Standard equipment Alternative optionMobile systems
Although Kistler systems operate independ- ently of the injection molding machine, they can still use process signals from the machine for analysis and actively transmit switching signals to it. CoMo Injection is the process monitoring and documenta- tion system. DataFlow is used for process analysis and optimization. Kistler systems
are available with a number of channels for pressure and temperature or voltage measurement. As they can be used for different injection molding machines, they offer the benefit of accommodating exist- ing molds modified with cavity pressure measurement systems.
Measuring Chains for Cavity Pressure Measurement
P
4 P
T
P+T
Pressure and tempera-ture measurement with up to 4 channels, with SmartAmp function
Measure Connect Extend Amplify Option Connect Analyze
5039A... 5155A... 1667B..., 1672B... 1661A... 1662A... 1667B..., 1672B... 1661A... 1662A... 2295A...
Alternative option for P: 1661A..., 1662A... P
One-channel measure-ment, with SmartAmp function 5049A... 1500A57 1500A61 1557A10 2295A...
Machine-Integrated Systems
1667B..., 1672B... 1667B..., 1672B... One-channel pressure measurementMulti-cavity pressure measurement systems
Multi-cavity systems compile pressure measurement data from up to 32 cavities in one charge amplifier. While they opera-te independently of the injection molding machine, they can still process signals transmitted by the machine for analysis and actively transmit switching signals to the machine. An external PC or notebook computer equipped with Kistler DataFlow software controls the process.
USB USB
USB
12-channel system for up to 2 x 4 pressure sensors plus 4 voltage inputs
Example:
2 x 4 pressure sensors
CoMo Injection 2869B1...***
Measure Connect Extend Analyze Connect Analyze
1995A... 1500A43A... Digital I/Os 1500A42A... Digital outputs 1995A...
CoMo Injection – Process Monitoring and Documentation
*Sensors and connectors in system 6831B… ****Included in system 2869B…
CoMo MIS 2829A-03-2 1708A0*
1708A0*
up to 4 P
up to 4 P Scrap separation device
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet 1200A49A1**** Network 1500A43A... Digital I/Os 1500A42A... Digital outputs CoMo MIS 2829A-03-2 CoMo MIS 2829A-03-2 Scrap separation device
1200A49A1**** Network 1500A43A... Digital I/Os 1500A42A... Digital outputs
Scrap separation device 1200A49A1****
Network
***Choice of different moduls in system 2869B… **Sensors, connectors and amplifiers in system 6833A...
1997A...
1457A1A...
12-channel system for up to 8 pressure sensors plus 4 voltage inputs
Example:
4 combined pressure and temperature
sensors CoMo Injection
2869B2...*** 1710A0**
2205A141**
bis 4 P/T
24-channel system for up to 2 x 8 pressure sensors plus 4 voltage inputs Example: 2 x 8 pressure sensors CoMo Injection 2869B3...*** 1997A... 1710A0* bis 8 P 1997A... 1710A0* bis 8 P System with up to 64 channels
for desktop computer
up to 64 P
Measure Connect Extend Amplify Option Connect Analyze
Signal conditioner
6829A...
Package 2865B...Signal conditioner
+ 2231A1 + 2805A-02-2 + USB cable System with up to 16 channels for notebook or desktop PC
DataFlow System for Process Analysis and Monitoring with up to 16 Channels
USB DataFlow 2805A-02-2 2805A-02-1 DataFlow 2805A-02-2 1500A43, l = 7 m 2231A1, l = 5 m USB 1700A62, l = 5 m 1200A85, l = 5 m 1200A79 2863 1200A83, l = 5 m Alternative for P:
1662A... and 1661A... up to 16 P up to 16 T or up to 8 P/T USB Parallel 1200A81
DataFlow System for Process Analysis and Monitoring with up to 64 Channels
A/D card 2855A6 Trigger/digital outputs Trigger Trigger/excitation Measurement signals Digital output 1667B..., 1672B... 2290A... 2290A... 1667B..., 1672B... 1200A95A1
USB USB
USB
12-channel system for up to 2 x 4 pressure sensors plus 4 voltage inputs
Example:
2 x 4 pressure sensors
CoMo Injection 2869B1...***
Measure Connect Extend Analyze Connect Analyze
1995A... 1500A43A... Digital I/Os 1500A42A... Digital outputs 1995A...
CoMo Injection – Process Monitoring and Documentation
*Sensors and connectors in system 6831B… ****Included in system 2869B…
CoMo MIS 2829A-03-2 1708A0*
1708A0*
up to 4 P
up to 4 P Scrap separation device
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet 1200A49A1**** Network 1500A43A... Digital I/Os 1500A42A... Digital outputs CoMo MIS 2829A-03-2 CoMo MIS 2829A-03-2 Scrap separation device
1200A49A1**** Network 1500A43A... Digital I/Os 1500A42A... Digital outputs
Scrap separation device 1200A49A1****
Network
***Choice of different moduls in system 2869B… **Sensors, connectors and amplifiers in system 6833A...
1997A...
1457A1A...
12-channel system for up to 8 pressure sensors plus 4 voltage inputs
Example:
4 combined pressure and temperature
sensors CoMo Injection
2869B2...*** 1710A0**
2205A141**
bis 4 P/T
24-channel system for up to 2 x 8 pressure sensors plus 4 voltage inputs Example: 2 x 8 pressure sensors CoMo Injection 2869B3...*** 1997A... 1710A0* bis 8 P 1997A... 1710A0* bis 8 P System with up to 64 channels
for desktop computer
Measure Connect Extend Amplify Option Connect Analyze
Signal conditioner
Package 2865B...Signal conditioner
+ 2231A1 + 2805A-02-2 + USB cable System with up to 16 channels for notebook or desktop PC
DataFlow System for Process Analysis and Monitoring with up to 16 Channels
USB DataFlow 2805A-02-2 2805A-02-1 DataFlow 2805A-02-2 1500A43, l = 7 m 2231A1, l = 5 m USB 1700A62, l = 5 m 1200A85, l = 5 m 1200A79 2863 Alternative for P:
1662A... and 1661A... up to 16 P
up to 16 T
or up to 8 P/T
Parallel 1200A81
DataFlow System for Process Analysis and Monitoring with up to 64 Channels
Trigger/digital outputs Trigger Trigger/excitation Digital output 1667B..., 1672B... 2290A... 2290A... 1667B..., 1672B...
