BillofRightsand11-27.ppt

L&J Plan for Fri., Aug. 28

• Turn in Constitution Scavenger Hunt if you did not do so yesterday

• Notes on Constitutional Amendments

The Bill of Rights

amdts. of U.S.

• What are rights?

• Was the Bill of Rights needed if those same rights were already written in the states’ constitutions?

• How does the

Constitution address problems America

1st Amdt.

• Protects 5 basic freedoms: religion (Establishment Clause: govt. may not establish an official religion), speech, press, assembly, and right to petition the government.

Congress may not establish an official religion, favor

one religion over another, or treat people differently

because of their beliefs.

Freedom of Speech

• Includes conversations, radio, TV.

• Protects other forms of expression, such as clothing

• In some countries, people can be jailed for criticizing the government or voicing

unpopular ideas.

• We can say what we want, in public or in private, without fear of punishment.

Freedom of Speech, Cont’d.

• Censor = Ban

• Govt. cannot censor movies or writing b/c they contain ideas that may offend others

• Cannot ban info. before it’s published or

Right to Petition Govt.

Right to Assembly

• May gather peacefully in groups for any

reason

• Govt. can make rules about when and where activities can be held, but cannot ban them

• We may freely join

clubs, political parties, unions, and other

March on Washington led by MLK –

freedom of assembly and petition

Limits to 1

Amdt. Freedoms

• Limits to 1st Amdt.

freedoms – to protect safety & security

• You may not provoke a riot.

• No speech that leads to criminal activities or efforts to

Limits to First Amendment Freedoms (cont.)

• Must use freedoms responsibly

• You may not spread lies that harm a person’s

reputation

• Slander (spoken lies)

2

Amdt. - Right to Bear Arms

• Often debated

• Some believe it only allows states to

keep an armed

militia, or local army.

• Others believe it

guarantees the right of all citizens to

3rd Amdt.

4

Amdt. Rights

• No unreasonable

searches and seizures (S&S)

4

Amdt. Cont’d.

• Police must show

“probable cause” to get the warrant

• Exception:

5

Amdt. Rights

• Must be indicted by “grand jury” first before being

tried for serious fed. crime

– G. Jury = group of citizens who look at evidence against you

• Indictment = G. Jury decides there’s enough evidence to

put you on trial – not guilt or

5

Amdt. Cont’d.

• Protects against double jeopardy

5

Amdt. Cont’d.

• Right to remain silent

5

Amdt. Cont’d.

• Govt. cannot deny your life, liberty, or property

without Due

Process of the Law

5th Amdt. Cont’d.

• Limits Eminent Domain –

Govt’s. right to take

private

6

Amdt. - Rights of the Accused

• Govt. must tell you what crime you’re being charged with

• Speedy & public trial by jury

• You may question witnesses against you & call witnesses in your defense

7

Amdt.

8

Amdt.

• If charged with crime, you may pay bail (security deposit) to get out of jail until trial.

• Bail amount should fit the crime

• Bail is returned if the person comes to court for trial but is forfeited if the person fails to appear.

Molly Wisner, alias “Little Chicken,” a pickpocket who skipped town while out on bail for

8

Amdt. Cont’d.

9

Amdt.

rights that are not mentioned in the Const.

– Used later in Supr. Ct. cases to extend rights of privacy, woman’s

right to abortion, right to use birth control,

10

Amdt. – Reserved Powers

3

and 4

Periods – Plan for Mon.,

Feb. 11

• Retake or Make Up Test on Roots of Democracy

• Notes – Finish notes on Bill of Rights and other Amendments

“Civil War” Amdts.

• Passed after the Civil War to give civil rights to freed slaves

– Were not really granted to Afr. Amer.’s for

Civil War Amdt.’s, Cont’d.

Civil War Amdt.’s, Cont’d.

• 14th Amdt:

– Defines citizen

• Anyone born or naturalized in U.S., even if a former

slave

– Forbids states from

taking rights/freedom w/ o “due process of the

law”

Civil War Amdt.’s, Cont’d.

• 14th Amdt., Cont’d.

– Gitlow v. New York (1925) – Supr. Ct. decision to stop

Civil War Amdt.’s, Cont’d.

• 15th Amdt: No state may

take away voting rights due to race, color, or status as a former slave

– Suffrage: Right to vote

H.C.E. Plan for Tues., Feb. 12

• Quick Review – Bill of Rights

16

Amdt.

Congress to levy a fed.

income tax on people &

Plan for Wed., Feb. 13

17

Amdt.

• Gave the people to right to elect senators to Congress

18

Amdt.

19

Amdt.

• Gave women the right to vote

(1920)

• Suffragette – Person who

fought for

20

Amdt.

• Changed start dates for president &

members of Congress

• Tells who will be

21

Amdt.

• Repealed 18th

Amdt.

• Only amdt.

22

Amdt.

• Sets term limits for President

• Passed in 1951

23

Amdt.

Washington, D.C.

the right to vote in nat’l. elections

24

Amdt.

• Made poll taxes illegal (1964)

• Poll Tax = Tax charged by Southern states

for people to vote.

25

Amdt.

clarifies

presidential succession

26

Amdt.

27

Amdt. – Congressional Pay

Amdt.

• Submitted in 1892. Ratified in 1992

• Any pay increases members of Congress vote into effect for themselves may only take effect after the next election

• Instead of passing pay increases,

Congress passes “COLA” increases (Cost of Living Adjustments) every year to

3

and 4

Periods – Plan for Mon.,

Sept. 17

• Review Amendments from Friday

• Notes – Ch. 5 (All)

• Turn in signed Progress Reports