KSR PUBLICATIONS

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MEASUREMENT, UNIT & DIMENSIONS VII - iit foundation || olympiad

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PHYSICS : vol–1

Concept - 1

SCIENTISTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION

1. The period before 500 B.C. is known as the Dark Age. 2. John Gutenburg of Germany invented the printing machine.

3. William Harvey discovered that blood circulation is necessary for the functioning of the heart. 4. The Indian who declared the theory of “Rasa Vada” was Acharya Nagarjuna.

5. Sir C.V. Raman conducted experiments on light and published the principle of “Raman Effect” which explained the “light emission” for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize.

6. Dr. M.S. Swami Nathan discovered the “Hybridization theory” which improved agricultural Production.

Nicholas Copernicus Nicholas Copernicus William Harvey Blood Circulation Andreas Vesalius

Galileo Leeuwen hoel G.D. Fahreneit Andrius Celsius R.A.F. de Reaumur Edward Jenner John Dalton

Charles Darwin Macmillan

Gregor Mendel

Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Alva Edison Thomas Alva Edison Louis Pasteur

Willbert Right-Arvili Right J.L. Bierd

Human body formation Telescope

Bacteria, Protozoa Fahrenheit Thermometer

Centigrade Thermometer (Celsius Thermometer)

Reaumur Thermometer Vaccine for small-pox Atomic theory

Cycle

Evolution theory Hereditary theory Telephone Gramophone Electri Bulb

Pasteurization, Vaccine for Rabies

Aeroplane Penicillin Alexander Fleming

Television Penicillin

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VII - iit foundation olympiad

Origin of stars and its parts Sir C.V. Raman Raman Effect

Hargobind Khorana Artifical gene (Hybridization)

Hand Sheet

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I. Single Correct Choice Type:

1. The period before 500 B.C is called

1) Dark Age 2) Bright Age 3) Age of scientists 4) None of these 2. Printing machine was invented by

1) John Gutenberg 2) Bierd 3) Graham Bell 4) Darwin 3. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan discovered

1) Telephone 2) Pencillin 3) Telescope 4) Hybridization theory 4. Blood Circulation in the heart was discovered by

1) Andreas Vesalius 2) Leeuwen Hoek 3) William Harvey 4) Edward Jenner 5. Cycle was invented by

1) Galileo 2) William Harvey 3) Macmillan 4) Edward Jenner II. Multiple Answer type:

6. Aeroplane was invented by

1) Willbert Right 2) Arvili Right 3) Blerd 4) Fleming III. Martix Matching:

7. Column -I Column-II

a) Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar 1) Origin of starts

b) John Dalton 2) Nobel laureate

c) Edward Jenner 3) Atomic theory

d) Galileo 4) vaccine for small-pox

5) Telescope IV. Multiple Answer type:

8. Thomas Alva Edison discovered

1) Gramophone 2) Electric bulb 3) Penicillin 4) Bacteria V. Matrix Matching:

9. Column-I Column-II

a) Andreas Vesalius 1) light emission b) Leeuwen hoek 2) Vaccine for rabies c) Louis Pastaur 3) Human body formation d) C.V. Raman 4) Nobel laureate

5) Bacteria

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PHYSICS : vol–1

a) Charles Darvin 1) Telephone

b) Gregor mendal 2) Heriditary theory

c) Graham Bell 3) Evolution theory

d) Inventors of Thermometers 4) Fahrenheit 5) Centigrade

Concept - 2

1. The study of nature and its laws is called physics. 2. Physics is an exact science.

3. Physics is basically a science of measurements.

4. Measurement should be made for knowing about the quantity of physical quantity. 5. The quantities which are measurable are called physical quantities.

Ex : Length, mass, time, speed, etc.

6. Unit is a standard. To measure any physical quantity one standard should be required i.e., called unit.

Ex 1 :Meter is the standard by which we can measure length.

∴ unit of length is metre

Ex 2 : Second is the standard by which we can measure time.

∴ unit of time is second

7. The number of times a standard quantity is present in a given physical quantity is called Numerical value of physical quantity.

Physical quantity = Numerical value × Unit Ex :Let length of table = 3 metre

Here 3 is the Numerical value and metre is the standard unit.

8. The first serious attempt to standardize the units was made in 1889 in Paris. 9. A unit should be

i) Well defined ii) Easily reproduced iii) Easily accessible

iv) It should not change with time i.e. it should be imperishable. v) It should be of suitable in size i.e. of convenient size.

vi) It should not be affected by physical conditions like temperature and pressure etc. vii) It should be easily comparable with other similar units.

10. Unit : Unit is a standard which is used for the measurement of physical quantity.

11. Fundamental units : Fundamental units are the units for measuring fundamental quantities. These are independent of other units

Ex:Unit of length - metre Unit of mass - kilogram Unit of time - second

These are also called basic units.

12. Derived units :Derived units are the units of derived physical quantities which are expressed in terms of fundamental units.

Ex: The unit of speed is expressed by dividing the unit of distance by unit of time.

Hence speed is a derived quantity and the unit of speed = metre second

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13. The fundamental unit of length, mass and time taken together form a system of units. 14. There are four system of units.

i) British or F.P.S. system. ii) French or C.G.S system.

iii) M.K.S system or metric system. iv) International system or S.I.

FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITY SYSTEM

length mass time

FPS Foot(ft) Pound(lb) Second(s)

CGS Centimetre(cm) Gram(g) Second(s)

MKS Metre(cm) Kilogram Second(s)

15. S.I. system has seven basic units and two supplementary units. SI system of units

Quantity unit symbol

Length Metre M

Mass Kilogram Kg

Time Second S

Temperature Kelvin K Luminous

intensity

Candela Cd Electric charge Coulomb C

Current Ampere A

Amount of substance

Mole Mole

Supplementary quantities

Angle Radian rd

Solid angle Steridian sr

Hand Sheet

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1. Physical quantity is equal to

1) numerical value × Physical quantity 2) numerical value / unit 3) numerical value × unit 4) numerical value × (unit)2

2. Among the following, the odd one is

1) pound 2) quintal 3) ton 4) Angstrom

3. 1 unit of time is

1) metre 2) gram 3) second 4) kelvin

II. Multi Correct Choice Type:

4. In F.P.S system the units of fundamental units are

1) Foot 2) pound 3) second 4) feet

III. Reasoning Type:

5. Statement I : Fundamental units are the units for measuring fundamental quantities.

Statement II : Metre is the unit of length.

1) Both Statements - I are true, Statement - II is the correct explanation of Statement - I. 2) Both Statements - I are true, Statement - II is not correct explanation of Statement - I. 3) Statement - I is true, Statement - II is false. 4) Statement - I is false, Statement - II is true.

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PHYSICS : vol–1

IV. Comprehension Type:

There are seven fundamental quantities and units in S.I system 6. Ampere is the unit of

1) Resistance 2) electric current 3) conductance 4) all of these 7. Luminous Intensity is measured in terms of

1) candela 2) mole 3) kelvin 4) radian

8. Mole of the unit of

1) Distance 2) time 3) quantity of matter 4) velocity V. Matrix Match Type:

a) Derived unit 1) Height

b) Fundamental unit 2) Thickness

c) Derived quantity 3) Area

d) Fundamental quantity 4) Newton 5) Kilogram VI. Integer Answer Type:

10. Unit, metre is multiplied with itself ______ times, to get the unit for volume.

11. Fundamental units

1) can be resolved into other units 2) can’t be resolved into other units

3) sometimes can be resolved sometimes cannot 4) none of these

II. Multi Correct Choice Type:

12. metre per second is the unit of

1) speed 2) velocity 3) Angular velocity 4) All of these

13. In S.I system

1) All derived units are obtained by multiplying (or) dividing the fundamental units 2) All derived units are obtained by adding the fundamental units

3) All derived units are obtained by subtracting the fundamental units 4) All derived units are obtained by squaring fundamental units II. Multi Correct Choice Type:

14. A standard unit must be

1) Easily definable 2) Easily reproducible 3) must not affected by temperature variations

4) must change with change in length of the instrument

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Concept - 3

Multiple and sub multiple factors

Multiplication factor Name Symbol

1012 _{tera T}

109 106 103 102 10 10-1 10-2 10-3 giga mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli G M k h da d c m 10-6 10-9 10-12 micro nano pico µ n p 10-15 10-18 femto atto f a

2. The gap between two points is measured by length. In S.I. system, the length is measured in unit metre (m).

3. Multiples of metre

i) decametre (dam) = 101_{m = 10 m} ii) hectometre (hm) = 102_{m = 100 m}

iii) kilometre (km) : One kilometre is the one thousand multiple of a metre. 1 km = 103 _{m = 1000 m}

Practical units of length :

i) Astronomical unit (A.U) : It is the mean distance of the earth from the sun. 1 astronomical unit = 1.496 × 1011_m

ii) Light year ( ly) : The distance travelled by the light in one year. 1 light year = speed of light × 1 year

= 300000 × 1 year km

= 300000 × 365 × 24 × 60 × 60 km = 9.46 × 1012_{km = 9.46 × 10}15_m

iii) Parallactic second (Parsec) : It is the biggest unit of distance. One parsec is 3.26 times the light year. i.e.,

1 parsec = 3.26 light year

= 3.26 × (9.46 × 1015_{m) = 3.08 × 10}16_m

4. Submultiples of metre

i) decimetre (dm) : One decimetre is one tenth part of a metre

1 dm = 1 m 10 1 m 10 cm 10

−

= =

ii) centimetre (cm) : One centimetre is one hundredth part of a metre.

1 cm = 1 m 102 m 100

−

= = 1 cm

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PHYSICS : vol–1

Note :

12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard 5½ yards = 1 pole or rod

4 pole = 1 chain 80 chain = 1 mile

iii) millimetre (mm) :One millimetre is one thousandth part of a metre.

1 mm = 1 m 10 3 m 0.1 cm 1000

−

= =

iv) micrometre (µm): It is one millionth (10–6_{) part of a metre.}

(micron) 1 µm = 10–6_{m = 10}–4_cm v) Nanometre (nm) :It is 10–9th_{part of a metre.}

1 nm = 10–9_{m = 10}–7_cm

vi) Picometre (pm) = 10–12_{m = 10}–10_cm

vii) Angstrom (A°) :It is 10–10 th_{part of a metre.}

1 A° = 10-10_{m = 10}–8_{cm = 10}–1 _nm ∴ 1 µm = 1000 A°A°

and 1 nm = 10 A°

viii) Fermi (f) or Femto metre :It is 10–15th_{part of a metre}

It is the smallest unit of distance. 1 fermi = 10 –15_m

5. The quantity of matter contained in the body is called its mass. In S.I. system mass is measured in kilogram.

6. Multiples of Kilogram

i) 1 Quintal (qt) = 100 kg

ii) 1 Metric tonne = 1000 kg = 10 quintal 7. Sub-multiple of kilogram

i) Hectogram (hg) = 10–1_{kg = 100 g}

ii) Decagram (dag) = 10–2_{kg = 10 g}

iii) Gram (g): One gram is one thousandths part of a kilogram. 1 g = 10–3 _kg

iv) Milligram (mg) = 10–6 _{kg = 10}–3_g

v) Microgram (µg) = 10–9_{kg = 10}–6_g

vi) Atomic mass unit (a.m.u) :The smallest unit of mass is a.m.u. 1 a.m.u = 1.66 × 10–27_kg

Hand Sheet

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1. One metric tonne = _________ quintal

1) 10,000 2) 1000 3) 10 4) 100

2. 1 fermi is equal to how many centimetre

1) 10–15_m _{2) 10}–13_m _{3) 10}–12_m _{4) 10}–10_m

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3. 1 micro second = ___________ second

1) 104 _{2) 10}–4 _{3) 10}–6 _{4) 10}–5

II. Reasoning type:

4. Statement - I : One kilometre is the one thousand multiple of a metre.

Statement - II : One Angstrom is equal to 10–1_{of a nano metre}

1) Both Statements - I are true, Statement - II is the correct explanation of Statement - I. 2) Both Statements - I are true, Statement - II is not correct explanation of Statement - I. 3) Statement - I is true, Statement - II is false. 4) Statement - I is false, Statement - II is true. III. Multi Correct Choice Type:

5. Choose the correct options

1) nm is not same as mN 2) 1nm = 9

10− m and 1 mN = 10−3N.

3) When we change the unit of measurement of a quantity, its numerical value changes. 4) Smaller the unit of measurement, smaller is its numerical value.

IV. Comprehension Type:

Multiples and submultiples are introduced to change the size of the units to fulfill the needs of various branches in physics.

6. Convert 100 quintal into nano grams (ng)

1) 105_ng _{2) 10}16_ng _{3) 10}17_ng _{4) 10}18_ng

7. Convert 1 second into day 1) 1

86, 400 Day 2) 24 day 3)

1

24day 4)

1

3600 day

8. One milligram ________ kg

1) 10-6_kg _{2) 10}-3_kg _{3) 10}-1_kg ₄₎₁₀-2_kg V. Matrix Match Type:

a) Giga 1) 106

b) micro 2) 1/1012

c) Mega 3) 109

d) Pico 4) 10–6

5) 10–12 VI. Integer type:

10. one tonne = ___________ kg

11. How many centimetre make 1 nano metre

1) 10–7_cm _{2) 10}–8_cm _{3) 10}–9_cm _{4) 10}–10_cm II. Multi Correct Choice Type:

12. 1 per sec = ______________.

1) 3.26 light year 2) 3.26 × (9.46 × 1015_m)

3) 3.08 × 1016_m _{4) 9.08 × 10}18_m