Energy Balance Page 20
1. Across Washer
Input Streams
Stream l1
m = 3333.33 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0432 x 3.72 = 0.15509 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8317 x 4.18 = 3.4765 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7850 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 298.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 – 298.15) = 0 kj/kgStream l2
m = 350 kg/hr Cp of streamEnergy Balance Page 21 Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 298.15K T2 = 298.15k=K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 350 x 4.18 x (298.15 – 298.15) = 0 kj/kr
Output Streams
Stream l4
m = 3333.3 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0432 x 3.72 = 0.15509 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8317 x 4.18 = 3.4765 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7850 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 298.15 K T2 = 298.15 K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 – 298.15) = 0 kj/hrStream l8
m = 350 kg/hr Cp of stream Water= 4.18 x 0.9962 = 4.164 kj/kg.K Impurities = 1.1x 0.0038 = 0.00418 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 4.17 kj/kg.K Total Q:Energy Balance Page 22 T1 = 298.15 K T2 = 298.15 K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 350 x 3.7850 x (298.15K – 298.15K) = 0 kj/hr
Balance:
Qin = Qout l1 + l2 = l4 + l8 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 0 kj/hr = 0 kj/hr (Balanced)2. Across Crusher
Input Streams
Stream l4
m = 3333.33 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0432 x 3.72 = 0.15509 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1250 x 1.1827 = 0.1382 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8317 x 4.18 = 3.4765 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7850 kj/kg.KEnergy Balance Page 23 Total Q: T1 = 298.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 3333.33 x 3.7850 x (298.15 – 298.15) = 0 kj/hr
Stream l3
m = 6.66 kg/hr Cp of stream: Enzyme = 0.05 x 2.26 = 0.113 kj/kg.K Water = 0.95 x 4.18 = 3.97 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 4.08 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 303.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 6.66 x 3.7850 x (303.15 – 298.15) = 126.04 kj/hrOutput Streams
Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0431 x 3.72 = 0.1603 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8320 x 4.18 = 3.4777 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7859 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 303.15K T2 = 298.15KEnergy Balance Page 24 Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 – 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout L4 + l3 = l5 0 + 126.04 = 63223.7728 0 = 63097.7328 kj/hr Crusher Duty = 63097.7328 kj/hr Hot water mass = 503.17 kg/hr3. Across With-holding Tank
Input Streams
Stream l5
m = 3339.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0431 x 3.72 = 0.1603 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8320 x 4.18 = 3.4777 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7859 kj/kg.K Total Q:Energy Balance Page 25 T1 = 303.15 K T2 = 298.15 K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 – 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0431 x 3.72 = 0.1603 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8320 x 4.18 = 3.4777 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7859 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 303.15 K T2 = 298.15 K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 – 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hrBalance
Qin = Qout L5 = l6 63223.7728 kj/hr = 63223.7728 kj/hr (Balanced)Energy Balance Page 26
4. Across Presses
Input Streams
Stream l6
m = 3339.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0431 x 3.72 = 0.1603 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1247 x 1.1827 = 0.1474 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8320 x 4.18 = 3.4777 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7859 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 303.15K T2 =298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 3339.96 x 3.7859 x (303.15 – 298.15) = 63223.7728 kj/hrOutput Streams
Stream p4
m = 501 kg/hrEnergy Balance Page 27 Cp of stream: Fiber = 0.2101 x 3.72 = 0.7815 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.0742 x 1.1827 = 0.0877 kj/kg.K Water = 0.7157 x 4.18 = 2.9916kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.8608 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 303.1484 K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 501 x 3.8608 x (303.1484– 298.15) = 9668.2128 kj/hr
Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0136 x 3.72 = 0.0506 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8526 x 4.18 = 3.5639 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7729 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 303.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (303.15 – 298.15) = 53555.56 kj/hrBalance
Qin = Qout l6 = L15 + p4 53555.56 + 9668.2128 = 63223.7728 63223.7728kj/hr = 63223.7728 kj/hr (Balanced)Energy Balance Page 28
5. Across Heat Exchanger
Input Streams
Stream l15
m = 2838.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0136 x 3.72 = 0.0506 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8526 x 4.18 = 3.5639 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7729 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 303.15 K T2 = 298.15 K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (303.15 – 298.15) = 53555.56 kj/hrStream u3
m = 48.66 kg/hr Temperature = T2 = 393.57 Pressure = 2 bar (g) Latent Heat = 2201 kj/kgEnergy Balance Page 29 Cp of steam= 2.02 kj/kg Cp of water= 4.18 kj/kg Total Q: T1 = 298.15 K T2 = 393.57 K Q = mCpwaterdT + m.H Q = (48.66 X 4.18 X (393.57 - 298.15)) + (48.66 X 2201) = 126731.04 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.0136 x 3.72 = 0.0506 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8526 x 4.18 = 3.5639 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7729 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 313.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2838.96 x 3.7729 x (313.15 – 298.15) = 160666.68 kj/kgStream c1
m = 48.66 Cp of water: Water = 1 x 4.18 = 4.18 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 394.15K T2 = 298.15KEnergy Balance Page 30 Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 48.66 x 4.18 x (394.15 – 298.15) = 19542.34 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout L15 + u3 = l17 + c1 53555.56 + 126731.04 = 19542.34 + 160666.6 180286.596 kj/hr = 180209.02kj/hr Difference: 77.57 kj/hr6. Across Falling Film Evaporator
Input Streams
Stream l17
m = 2838.96 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber = 0.0136 x 3.72 = 0.0506 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1336 x 1.1827 = 0.1580 kj/ kg.K Aroma = 0.0001 x 3.0006 = 0.0003 kj/ kg.K Water = 0.8526 x 4.18 = 3.5639 kj/ kg.K Enzyme = 9.97 x 10-5 x 2.26 = 2.253 x 10-4 kj/ kg.K Total Cp = 3.77 kj/ kg.K Total Q:Energy Balance Page 31 T1 = 313.15K T2 = 298.15K P= -0.79 bar (g) Q = mCp (T1-T2) Q = 2838.96 x 3.77 x (313.15 – 298.15) = 160543.188 kj/hr
Stream u4
m = 484.904 kg/hr Temperature = 335.35K Latent Heat = 2352.31 kj/kg Total Q: Q = mCpdT + m.H Q = (484.904 x 4.18 (335.35- 298.15))+(484.904 x 2352.31) = 1216045.161 kj/hrOutput Streams
Stream l19
m = 2510.150 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.015381 x 3.72 = 0.0572 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1511 x 1.1827 = 0.1787 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8330 x 4.18 = 3.4819 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.71 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 323.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2510.150 x 3.71 x (323.15– 298.15) = 232816.412 kj/hrStream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr Cp of stream: Aroma = 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.KEnergy Balance Page 32 Water = 0.9991 x 4.18 = 4.1762 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 4.18 kj/kg.K Total Q: Enthalpy of aroma = 3093.11 kj/kg T1 = 335.35K T2 = 298.15K
Since the stream contains both aroma in vapor and water in liquid form so, Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H Q = (328.80 x 4.18 x (335.35– 298.15)) + (328.80 x 3093.11) = 1068141.653 kj/kg
Stream c2
m = 484.904 kg/hr Cp of water: Water = 1 x 4.18 = 4.18 kj/kgoC Total Q: T1 = 335.35K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 484.904 x 4.18 x (335.35 – 298.15) = 75400.63 kj/hrBalance
Qin = Qout L17 + u4 = l19 + A2 + c2 160543.188 + 1216045.161 = 232816.412 + 1068141.653 + 75400.63 1376588.349 kj/hr = 1376358.695 kj/hr Difference = 233.654 kj/hrEnergy Balance Page 33
7. Across Aroma Stripping Column
Input Streams
Stream A2
m = 328.80 kg/hr Cp of stream: Aroma = 8.6342 x 10-4 x 3.0006 = 2.590 x 10-3 kj/kg.K Water = 0.9991 x 4.18 = 4.1762 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 4.18 kj/kg.K Total Q: Enthalpy of aroma = 3093.11 kj/kg T1 = 335.35K T2 = 298.15KSince the stream contains both aroma in vapor and water in liquid form so, Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H Q = (328.80 x 4.18 x (335.35– 298.15)) + (328.80 x 3093.11) = 1068141.653 kj/kg
Output Streams
Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr Cp of stream: Aroma = 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.KEnergy Balance Page 34 Total Cp = 3.0006 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 353.15K T2 =298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H + mCp(T3-T4) Q = [0.283893 x 3x (351.45– 298.15)] + [0.283893 x 846] + [0.283893 x 2.5x (353.15 – 351.45)] = 286.77 kj/kg
Stream w7
m = 328.517 Cp of stream: Water = 4.18 x 1 = 4.18 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 4.18 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 373.15 T2 = 298.15 Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 328.517 x 4.18x (373.15 – 298.15) + (328.517 x 2270) = 848723.669 kj/kgBalance
Qin = Qout A2 = A3 + w7 1068141.653 kj/hr = 286.77 kj/hr + 848723.669 kj/hr 1068141.653 kj/hr = 849010.439 kj/hrEnergy Balance Page 35
8. Across Aroma Condensor
Input Streams
Stream A3
m = 0.283893 kg/hr Cp of stream: Aroma = 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.0006 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 353.15 T2 = 298.15 Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m . H Q = [0.283893 x 3x (351.45– 298.15)] + [0.283893 x 846] + [0.283893 x 2.5x (353.15 – 351.45)] = 286.77 kj/kgStream w1
m = 3.432 kg/hr Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.K T1 = 309.95 K T2 = 298.15 K Total Q: Q = mCpdT Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (309.95 - 298.15) Q = 169.88 kj/hrEnergy Balance Page 36
Output Streams
Stream w6
m = 3.432 kg/hr Cp of pure water: 4.18 kj/kg.K T1 = 323.15K T2 = 298.15K Total Q:Latent Heat liberated by aroma = (0.283893 x 846) = 240.17 Q = Q = mCp(T1-T2) + m.H Q = 3.432 x 4.18 x (323.15 - 298.15) + 240.17 Q = 455.18 kj/hr
Stream A4
m = 0.283893 kg/hr Cp of stream: Aroma = 1 x 3.0006 = 3.0006 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.0006 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 300.15 T2 = 298.15 Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = [0.283893 x 3.0006 x (300.15 – 298.15)] = 1.7 kj/kgBalance
Qin = Qout A3 + w1 = w6 + A4 256.77 + 169.88 = 455.18 + 1.7 456.88 kj/hr = 456.88 kj/hrEnergy Balance Page 37
9. Across Enzymatic Treatment Tank
Input Streams
Stream l19
m = 2510.156 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.015381 x 3.72 = 0.0572 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.1511 x 1.1827 = 0.1787 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8330 x 4.18 = 3.4819 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 1.1276 x 10-4 x 2.26 = 2.540 x 10-4 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7180 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 323.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2510.156 x 3.7180 x (323.15 – 298.15) = 233319 kj/hrStream E1
m = 54.146 kg/hr Cp of stream: Enzyme = 1 x 2.26 = 2.26kj/kg.K Total Cp = 2.26kj/kg.KEnergy Balance Page 38 Total Q: T1 = 323.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 54.146 x 2.26x (323.15 – 298.15) = 3059.249 kj/hr
Output Streams
Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.01565 x 3.72 = 0.0582 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.14788 x 1.1827 = 0.1748 kj/kg.K Water = 0.81471 x 4.18 = 3.4055 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.6865 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 323.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (323.15 – 298.15)) = 236378.249 kj/hrBalance
Qin = Qout L19 + l21 = l22 233319 kj/hr + 3059.249 kj/hr = 236378.249 kj/hr 236378.249 kj/hr = 236378.249 kj/hr (Balanced)Energy Balance Page 39
10.
Across Ultra filtration Unit
Input Streams
Stream l22
m = 2564.804 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.01565 x 3.72 = 0.0582 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.14788 x 1.1827 = 0.1748 kj/kg.K Water = 0.81471 x 4.18 = 3.4055 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 0.021221 x 2.26 = 0.0480 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.6865 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 323.15 T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2564.804 x 3.6865 x (323.15 – 298.15) = 236378.249 kj/hrOutput Streams
Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr Cp of stream:Energy Balance Page 40 Dissolved Solids = 0.1535 x 1.1827 = 0.1815 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8465 x 4.18 = 3.5384 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.7199 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 323.15K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2223.2217 x 3.7199 x (323.15 – 298.15K) = 206754.06 kj/hr
Stream l23’
m = 341.5823 kg/hr Cp of stream: Fiber= 0.1175 x 3.72 = 0.4371 kj/kg.K Dissolved Solids = 0.6121 x 1.1827 = 0.7239 kj/kg.K Water = 0.1110 x 4.18 = 0.4639 kj/kg.K Enzyme = 0.1593 x 2.26 = 0.3600 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 1.984 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 341.85K T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 341.5823 x 1.984 x (341.85 – 298.15) = 29624.189 kjBalance
Qin = Qout L22 = l23 + l 23’ 236378.249 kj/hr = 206754.06 kj/hr + 29624.189 kj/hr 236378.249 kj/hr = 236378.249 kj/hr (Balanced)Energy Balance Page 41
11.
Across Triple Effect Evaporator
Input Streams
Stream l23
m = 2223.2217 kg/hr Cp of stream: Dissolved Solids = 0.1535 x 1.1827 = 0.1815 kj/kg.K Water = 0.8465 x 4.18 = 3.5384 kj/kg.K Total Cp = 3.71 kj/kg.K Total Q: T1 = 323.15K T2 = T2 = 298.15K Q = mCp(T1-T2) Q = 2223.2217 x 3.71 x (323.15 – 298.15) = 205648.007 kj/hrStream u5
m = 767 kg/hr Temperature = 138oC = 411.15KSpecific enthalpy of saturated steam = 2706.54 kj/kg Total Q:
Q = m x Enthalpy
Q = (767 x 2147) + (767 x 2.17 x (411.15 - 407.15)) + (767 x 4.18 x (407.15 -298.15)) = 2002867.1 kj/hr
Energy Balance Page 42
Output Streams
Stream c5
m = 767 kg/hr Temperature = 134 oC = 407.15K Cp of water from 0 to 100 = 4.18 kj/hr Total Q: Q = mCpdT Q = 767 x 4.18 x (407.15K - 298.15K) = 349460.54 kj/hrStream c6
m = 594.612 kg/hr Temperature = 121oC = 394.15K Cp of water = 4.18 kj/kg Total Q: Q = mCpdt Q = 594.612 x 4.18 x (394.15 - 25) = 238605.9 kj/hrStream c7
M = 583.3 kg/hr Temperature = 112.53oC = 385.68K Cp of water = 4.18 Total Q: Q = mCpdT Q = 583.3 x 4.18 x (385.68 - 298.15) = 213390.73 kj/hrStream v1
M = 571.359 kg/hr Temperature = 385.68K Cp of Water = 4.18Latent Heat of vapors = 2226.23 kj/kg Total Q:
Energy Balance Page 43 Q = mCpdT + m.H = (571.359 x 4.18 x (385.68-347.25)) + (571.359 x 2226.23) = 1363758.171
kj/hr
Stream l26
M = 474 kg/hr
Cp of apple juice at 72 brix = 2.02 kj/kg Temperature = 345.15K Total Q: Q = mCpdT Q = 474 x 2.02 x (345.15 - 298.15) = 45001.56 kj/hr
Balance
Qin = Qout l23 +u5 = c5 + c6 + c7 + l26 + v1 205648.007 + 2002867.1 = 349460.54 +238605.9 + 213390.73 + 47874 + 1363758.171 2208515.107kj/hr = 2213089.341kj/hrHeat Capacity Estimation of Constituents
Enzyme
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given and is very near to the heat capacity of protein as our enzyme is protein based.
Heat capacity of enzyme = 2.26 kj/kg
Fiber
The value of heat capacity used is estimated from the reference given Heat Capacity of Fiber = 3.72 kj/kg
Aroma
The heat capacity of aroma is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual components and their composition in aroma.
Constituents Composition(xi) Heat Capacity(kj/kgoC) xiCp
Ethanol 0.495 2.43 1.203 Propanol 0.016 2.37 0.038 Butanol 0.046 2.307 0.106 2-Methyl Butanol 0.014 2.303 0.032 Hexanol 0.015 2.308 0.035 Ethyl Iso-Butyrate 0.097 1.7372 0.167 Ethyl Butyrate 0.064 1.6290 0.1042 Ethyl Acetate 0.010 1.9200 0.0192
Energy Balance Page 44 Butyl Acetate 0.035 1.9630 0.0688 Pentyl Acetate 0.040 1.7667 0.061 Ethyl Valerate 0.078 2.1980 0.171 Benzaldehyde 0.0005 1.6211 0.0081 Hexanal 0.043 2.11 0.9073 Trans-2-Hexanal 0.042 2.07 0.0261 Total 3.0006 kj/kg.K
Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.
Dissolved Solids
The heat capacity of dissolved solids is estimated based on the heat capacity of individual components and their composition in dissolved solids.
Constituents Composition(xi) Heat Capacity (kj/kg.K) xiCp
Protien 0.0234 2.34 0.0548 Ash 0.0171 1.343 0.0230 Liphids 0.0153 2.1 0.0321 Sucrose 0.1868 1.30 0.2428 Glucose 0.2193 0.63 0.1382 Fructose 0.5325 1.28 0.6816 Starch 4.63 x 10-3 1.753 8.086 x 10-3 Calcium 5.45 x 10-7 0.650 3.5198 x 10-8 Iron 1.083 x 10-8 0.447 4.1841 x 10-9 Magnesium 4.513 x 10-7 1.024 4.621 x 10-7 Phosphorous 9.92 x 10-7 0.809 8.0253 x 10-7 Potassium 9.65 x 10-6 0.74 7.141 x 10-6 Zinc 9.02 x 10-8 0.399 3.5990 x 10-8 Vitamin C 4.151 x 10-7 1.39 5.769 x 10-7 Vitmain A 1.353 x 10-6 1.62 2.192 x 10-6 Total 1.182 kj/kg.K
Note: The references for composition and heat capacities of constituents are provided.
Water
Energy Balance Page 45
Overall Energy Balance
IN
STREAM NAME STREAM Heat kj/hr
l1 O l2 0 l3 63223.8182 u2 (u3+u4) 1183470.062 E1 3059.249 w1 169.88 u5 2009960.37 TOTAL Heat 3382001.794 OUT
STREAM NAME STREAM heat kg/hr
l8 0
p4 9668.212
c4 (c1+c2) 100344.56
Energy Balance Page 46 w7 903075.79 w2 455.18 w5 29624.189 c5 350417.342 c6 238605.98
Energy Balance Page 47 sc7 213415.1208 v3 1363758.1 l24 45001.56 TOTAL Heat 3350784.662
