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REGULATIONS FOR STUDENTS PROCEEDING TO THE DEGREE OF LLM
These Regulations are being withdrawn. The last registrations for the LLM degree under these Regulations is September/October 2006.
Further information about the LLM degree is available on the University of London website: http://www.london.ac.uk/llm.html
Candidates for the LLM degree are required to comply with any additional regulations prescribed by the College of registration.
1. Definition
The Postgraduate Taught degree is intended for award on the satisfactory completion, including formal examination, of a prescribed course of full-time study beyond the bachelor's degree level of at least one calendar year or its equivalent in part-time study.
2. Entrance Qualifications
2.1 The normal minimum entrance qualification for registration for a Master’s degree is: (a) a Second Class Honours degree of a UK university or of the CNAA, or an overseas
qualification of an equivalent standard obtained after a course of study extending over not less than three years in a university (or educational institution of university rank), in a subject appropriate to that of the course to be followed; or
(b) a professional or other qualification obtained by written examination and approved by the College.
2.2 Candidates possessing alternative qualifications obtained by written examination may also be considered by a College for registration for a Master's degree. A College may require such a candidate to pursue the course for a period of at least one year longer than the minimum period prescribed in the course Regulations and/or may prescribe a qualifying examination for such a candidate.
2.3 For the purpose of these regulations, the phrase ‘in a subject appropriate’ refers to a first degree with a substantial law content.
2.4 English language and other tests may be prescribed by the College at which the course is to be pursued.
3.1 Application for admission to a course and registration for that course shall be undertaken in accordance with procedures specified by the relevant College.
3.2 No student who is registered as an External Student may be registered concurrently as a student at a College of the University.
4. Communications from the University
4.1 Communications sent from the University to an individual student must be regarded as applying to that student only.
5. Applications for Exemptions
5.1 Applications on behalf of candidates for exemption from any of these Regulations shall be made by the College of registration to the Subject Panel in Law, whose recommendation on any application shall be submitted to the Subject Area Board in the Social Sciences for decision.
6. Course of Study
6.1 The LLM is taught at King's College London, Queen Mary, the School of Oriental and African Studies and University College London.
6.2 Courses and the examinations associated with them shall be so organised as to fall into the following categories:
Full-time: A period of twelve months commencing in September Part-time: A period of twenty-four months commencing in September
6.3 The examination for each written paper shall take place on one occasion each year at the time specified in paragraph 8.1, except as provided in paragraph 8.14.
6.4 An essay, where included in the scheme of examination, will be examined on one occasion only in each year and the date for submission is specified in paragraph 8.1
6.5 A student who has been awarded the LLM degree by the University may enter again for that same qualification in a different subject or field of study provided that on each occasion the student shall register de novo and shall comply with all Regulations for the qualifications as if he/she were entering for the first time.
6.6 The subjects listed on pages xi-xvi may be offered. Subjects are designated full or half. All subjects are full unless otherwise indicated. The availability of LLM courses is shown in the University of London Guide. Candidates should note that not all the subjects listed on pages xi-xvi may be available in any one year. Further information may be obtained from the College of registration.
iii 6.7 Candidates must offer either:
Four of the full subjects listed on pages xi-xvi or a combination of full and/or half-subjects to a total value of four full subjects; or
With the leave of the College of registration, full and/or half-subjects and an essay or essays written during the course of study on an approved legal topic or topics to a total value of four full subjects. A candidate's choice of essay will be subject to the availability of a supervisor. Candidates may replace a full or a half-subject by an essay, provided that (i) they attend courses for not less than three LLM subjects (or half-subject equivalents) and (ii) no more than the equivalent of two full subjects are examined by means of essay. Course essays which form part of the assessment of a subject, with a written examination paper, will not be counted under (ii). 6.8 With the permission of the College of registration a candidate may be permitted to select one or exceptionally two complementary subjects or the equivalent of comparable level from any other Master's course in the University. A complementary subject may be chosen in substitution for either a full or a half-subject. Any subject or subjects so selected must be notified to the University by the College of registration by the last day of February of the session in which the candidate is first registered. An application for a complementary subject to be included in a subject grouping must be made to the Subject Panel in Law at this time. The examination in the substituted subject or subjects will be taken in accordance with the Regulations appropriate to the particular course under which the subject is listed.
7. Entry and Re-Entry to Examinations
7.1 All entries to the examination must be received by the University by 1 March.
7.2 Candidates are bound by the Regulations in force at the time of their entry to the examination.
7.3 No student will be admitted to the examination unless the certificate (on his/her examination entry form) of having attended the appropriate course of study therefor in accordance with the regulations shall have been completed by the authorities of his or her College.
7.4 The latest date for withdrawal from the LLM examination is the first Monday in August1. 7.5 A candidate who informs in writing the Director for External and Internal Student Administration of the withdrawal of his/her entry not less than seven days before the date for the commencement of the examination as set out in paragraph 8.1 will not be regarded as having made an entry or entry. All other candidates will be regarded as having made an entry or re-entry, except that in the case of illness or other adequate cause for which certification must be provided a candidate may be permitted at the discretion of the Director for External and Internal Student Administration to withdraw his/her entry to the examination in the week before the
commencement of the examination and up to and including the date of his/her first paper provided that he/she has not entered the examination hall.
7.6 Colleges have procedures for the consideration of special arrangements for a candidate who is ill or otherwise disabled to take his/her examinations. Applications should be made to the College of registration, in accordance with that College’s procedures.
7.7 If dissatisfied with the conduct or diligence of any student the certifying authority may withhold a certificate of attendance either temporarily or permanently.
8. Examination
8.1 Dates of Examination
Written The examination will normally be held during the five weeks commencing on the papers second Monday in August2 (see footnote for examinations in 2007)
Essay 1 July3
(Except that subjects permitted to be taken from other Master's courses will be examined at the time the respective courses of which they form a part are examined.)
8.2 Candidates will be examined on all elements of the course, i.e., to a total value of four full subjects. A full subject is normally examined by means of one three-hour written paper; for certain specified subjects the examination is by a three hour written paper and a course essay not exceeding 8,000 words in length. A half-subject is normally examined by means of one two-hour written paper, but some half-subjects are examined by means of an essay of not more than 8,000 words in length. Other methods of examination may be approved from time to time and candidates should consult the Syllabus section of this booklet which sets out the mode of assessment for each course in detail.
8.3 Where permission has been granted for an essay to be submitted in place of a full or half subject the essay must be submitted in duplicate in typescript by 1 July3 and must not exceed 15,000 words in length (for a full-subject) or 8,000 words (for a half-subject)4. The essay should be written on a legal topic approved by the College and notified to the University and must provide evidence of original work or a capacity for critical analysis. The title of the essay must be notified to the University by the last day of February in the year in which the candidate presents himself or herself for examination. The essay should only contain work not submitted for credit elsewhere. Candidates who write an essay as part of the LLM examination will be required, at the time of submission, to sign a statement concerning plagiarism. A copy of this statement is set out in Appendix I to these regulations (page xvii).
2 For examinations in 2007 the starting date is Monday, 6 August.
3 In 2007 essays should be submitted by Monday, 2 July
4 For all essays (i.e., whether free-standing or course essays), the word length is inclusive of all appendices and footnotes, but exclusive of bibliography
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8.4 An oral examination may be held if the examiners so determine.
8.5 Candidates following the part-time course may, with the approval of the College of regis-tration, take the examination in two parts. The first part will consist of written papers or a written paper or papers and an essay or essays to a total value of two full subjects which will be taken in the first year of the course. The second part will consist of the remaining parts of the examination (including any essay(s) taken in the second year) and will be taken in the final year of the course.
8.6 Candidates following the part-time course who fail the whole of the first part of the examination shall re-enter for the first part and enter the second part at the same examination. If, on that occasion, the examination is failed as a result of a second failure in one or more elements of the first part no further attempt shall lie; but if the failure is in the second part one further attempt at that part shall lie. At either stage, the Board of Examiners may, at its discretion, refer the candidate in one element only should the other element in the relevant part be passed. 8.7 Questions may be set on recent legislation and current proposal for law reform within the scope of the syllabus.
8.8 To be eligible for the award of a degree a candidate must satisfy the examiners in the examination prescribed within a period of two years from the satisfactory completion of the prescribed period of study.
8.9 Examiners shall have the discretion to award a mark of distinction to a candidate who has shown exceptional merit in the examination and a mark of merit to a candidate who has shown merit in the examination.
8.10 A candidate shall enter the examination in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 6.2. Deferment of any part of the examination, including submission of the essay, may be granted for reasons judged adequate in the particular case at the discretion of the Subject Panel. Subject to such exemption being granted, candidates will be informed of the marks they obtained in those elements in which they have been examined.
8.11 If the essay is otherwise adequate but requires minor amendments, the examiners may require the candidate to make within one month amendments specified by them and approved by them or one of their number nominated by them.
8.12 If a candidate who has been examined in all elements of the examination or of Part of the examination for which he/she has entered fails to satisfy the examiners, the examiners may determine that he/she may on re-entry be exempt from one or more of the following:
(a) one or more of the written papers; (b) essay;
(c) assessment of coursework. Re-entry
8.13 A candidate who does not at his/her first entry successfully complete the examination or Part of the examination for which he/she has entered may, subject to the agreement of the
College when such re-entry would involve further attendance at the College, re-enter that examination on one occasion. Such re-entry will be at the next following examination except where the Subject Area Board has granted permission for a candidate to defer re-entry until the examination in a subsequent year. The dates of the written examination and for the submission of the essay are as specified in paragraph 8.1.
Illness
8.14 A candidate who is prevented owing to illness or the death or a near relative or other cause judged sufficient by the Subject Area Board from completing at the normal time the examination or part of the examination in those elements in which he/she has entered may with the agreement of the College:
(a) enter the examination in those elements in which he/she was not able to be examined on the next occasion when the examination is held in order to complete the examination [see paragraph 8.10]; or
(b) at the discretion of the examiners, be set a special examination in those papers missed as soon as possible and/or be permitted to submit the essay at a date specified by the Board of Examiners.
8.15 Applications under paragraph 8.14 should be forwarded by the authorities of the College to the Director for External and Internal Student Administration within seven days of the last day of the written examination or for the submission of the essay and be accompanied by the medical certificate or other statement of the grounds on which the application is made.
Instructions to Candidates
8.16 Candidates at any examination by written papers taken under supervision and within a defined time limit or at any practical, oral or similar examination are permitted to use such books, notes, instruments or other materials or aids as are specifically permitted by the Board of Examiners for the degree.
8.17 Statutes and other materials may not be brought into the examination room except in accordance with the following regulations:
Candidates are permitted to take into the examination
(1) a Queen's Printer copy of any statute which the Board of Examiners, for the time being, states that a candidate may take into the examination room and of any statute, amending the permitted statutes, passed since 1980 or such later date as may be stated by the Board of Examiners
(2) a copy of any other material which the Board of Examiners, for the time being, states that a candidate may take into the examination room.
Candidates may use underlining and/or coloured highlight markers to annotate materials taken into the examination, but all other forms of personal annotation on statutes and other materials
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permitted to be taken into the examination are strictly forbidden. Markers in the form of plastic tags to flag material are permitted, provided that tags are no wider than 2 cm, are attached firmly to the relevant pages, contain no more than two words of identification, and are visible when volumes are closed.
8.18 Except as provided in paragraphs 8.16 and 8.17 above, no books, notes, instruments or other materials or aids whatsoever may be introduced into an examination room or be handled or consulted during an examination. Any such materials or aids in the possession of the candidate on entry to the examination room shall be deposited immediately with the Invigilator.
8.19 Any unauthorised materials or aids introduced by a candidate into an examination room must upon request be surrendered to the Invigilator. Any aids so surrendered may be handed over by the Invigilator to the University which may make copies thereof, and the original aids (together with all such copies) may be retained by the University at its absolute discretion. 8.20 Candidates shall not, unless expressly so authorised, pass any information from one to another during an examination nor shall any candidate act in collusion with another candidate or other person or copy from another candidate or engage in any similar activity.
8.21 All work submitted as part of the requirements for any examination of the University of London must be expressed in the candidate’s own words and incorporate his or her own ideas and judgments. Plagiarism is the presentation of another person’s thoughts or words as though they were the candidate’s own and is an examination offence. Direct quotations from the published or unpublished work of another must always be clearly identified as such by being placed inside quotation marks, and a full reference to their source must be provided in the proper form. A series of short quotations from several different sources, if not clearly identified as such, constitutes plagiarism as much as does a single unacknowledged long quotation from a single source. Equally, if another person’s ideas or judgments are summarised, the candidate must refer to that person in his/her text, and include the work to which reference is made in the bibliography.
8.22 Failure to observe any of the provisions of paragraphs 8.16, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20 or 8.21 above will constitute an examination offence. All examination offences will be treated as cheating or irregularities of a similar character under the Regulations for Proceedings in respect of Examination Offences for Candidates for University Awards. Under these Regulations candidates found to have committed an offence may be excluded from all further examinations of the University.
8.23 All answers to examination questions must be written in English unless instructions are given to the contrary.
8.24 All examination scripts are the property of the University and will not be returned to candidates.
8.25 Essays submitted in lieu of written papers are returnable to candidates. Material will be returned in accordance with the instructions issued by the Director for External and Internal Student Administration. Examiners are instructed to put no marks on material which will be returned to candidates. Copies of LLM essays returned by examiners to the University may be
collected from Stewart House (Ground Floor). Due to lack of space the University will be unable to retain copies of essays for more than six months after the end of the examination.
9. Subject Groupings
9.1 Candidates who have passed at least three subjects from one of the categories set out below, or two subjects and an essay or essays which in the opinion of the University falls within the same category (in either case counting two half-subjects as one full subject) may elect to have the title of their subject grouping included on the degree certificate. Such election must be made at the time of entry to the examination and, where it includes an essay or essays, must be supported by the essay supervisor. Not more than one subject grouping may be included on the degree certificate. A subject grouping may include any relevant complementary subject. 9.2 The following subject groups are recognised by the University for the purpose of including the grouping on the degree certificate:
Group I: Public Law. Subjects 5, 6, 8, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 72, 74, 79, 97, 98, 100, 109, 123, 124, 144, 146, 148, 150, 160, 161, 181, 188, 198, 199.
Group II: Criminology and Criminal Justice. Subjects 10, 40, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 145, 149, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 188.
Group III: Public International Law. Subjects 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 91, 94, 96, 97, 99, 111, 120, 126, 130, 131, 149, 152, 154, 156, 158, 162, 165, 182, 187, 196, 198.
Group IV: Commercial and Corporate Law. Subjects 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 36A,36B, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70A, 70B, 71, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 108, 110, 125, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138, 140, 143, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 157, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174, 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 195, 197.
Group V: Tax. Subjects 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39, 56, 135, 136, 137.
Group VI: Maritime Law. In order to qualify for this Subject Grouping candidates must offer either three (or four) subjects from List A below, or subjects to the value of two full subjects from List A and a subject or subjects to the value of at least one other full subject from List B. List A: 23, 24, 25, 85
List B: 9, 33, 55, 58, 81, 89, 93, 95.
Group VII: European Law. Subjects 7, 8, 19, 39, 41, 47, 49, 52, 60, 62, 66, 67, 68, 71, 79, 122, 131, 144, 151, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 181, 188, 189.
Group VIII : Comparative Law. Subjects 33, 36B, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 69, 71, 73, 74, 88, 119, 121, 127, 128, 129, 144, 148, 157, 167, 181, 186, 190, 191, 194, 197, 198, 199.
Group IX: Labour Law. Subjects 21, 45, 46, 49, 50, 135, 163, 164. Group X: Property Law [no longer available]
Group XI: Legal Theory and History. Subjects 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 59, 97, 100, 107, 119, 124, 162, 185, 187, 193, 194.
Group XII: Economic Regulation. Subjects 13, 14, 20, 27, 36, 36A, 36B, 40, 44, 52, 86, 151, 155, 168.
Group XIII: Family Law [no longer available]
Group XIV: Procedural Law. Subjects 9, 10, 13, 15, 33, 50, 89, 117, 125, 153, 194.
Group XV: International Business Law. Subjects 14, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 33, 36, 37, 44, 52, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66A, 67, 68, 69, 70A, 70B, 71, 81, 83, 84, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 108, 110,
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125, 127, 128, 129, 132, 138, 140, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174, 185,186, 187, 191, 197.
Group XVI: Islamic Law. Subjects 69, 101, 105, 106. Group XVII: Welfare Law [no longer available]
Group XVIII: Law and Development. Without prejudice to an application for a complementary subject to be included in the group, in order to qualify for this Subject Grouping candidates must offer subjects to the value of at least one full subject from list A below, and other subjects to the value of at least two full subjects from either of the lists below:
List A: 6, 27, 72, 86, 91, 94, 98, 100, 158.
List B: 15, 44, 63, 70A, 70B, 80, 85, 92, 97, 103, 106, 108, 109, 110, 126, 141, 142, 149, 156, 183, 187, 191, 195, 198.
The special topic (if a Law and Development topic); an essay on law and development.
Group XIX: East Asian Law. Subjects 70A, 70B, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 140, 141, 142, 143, 183.
Group XX: Environmental Law. In order to qualify for this Subject Grouping candidates must offer subjects to the value of at least two full subjects from list A below, and a subject or subjects to the value of at least one other full subject from any of lists A, B or C below:
List A: 94, 121, 122, 123. List B: 72, 85, 86, 91, 100, 158.
List C: The special topic (if offered); an essay on environmental law.
Group XXI: Intellectual Property. Subjects 19, 30, 41, 42, 43, 44, 48, 51, 54, 127, 128, 129, 134, 158, 160, 191.
Group XXII: Banking and Finance Law. Subjects 14, 27, 32, 34, 35, 36, 36B, 40, 62, 66G, 86, 88, 93, 95, 100, 132, 137, 138, 151, 155, 157, 174, 186.
Group XXIII: Human Rights Law. Subjects 1, 6, 18, 49, 78, 80, 97, 98, 111, 120, 124, 126, 145, 146, 148, 149, 158, 163, 164, 165, 187, 188, 193, 195, 196, 198.
Group XXIV: Computer and Communications Law. Subjects 19, 20, 30, 41, 42, 51, 54, 83, 132, 159, 160, 161, 162.
XXV: Corporate and Securities Law. Subjects 14, 21, 26, 28, 32, 34, 35, 36, 36A, 36B, 70A, 70B, 93, 108, 135, 138, 151, 155, 185, 186, 195.
XXVI: Comparative and International Dispute Resolution. Subjects 15, 33, 37, 86, 89, 95, 125, 130, 152, 153, 154.
XXVII Competition Law. Subjects 13, 47, 52, 67, 71, 143, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 184.
10. Conditions of Admission to the Degree
10.1 To be admitted to the degree, a candidate must:
(a) have completed to the satisfaction of his/her College the course of study prescribed in these Regulations;
(b) have been examined in all parts of the examination prescribed for the degree and shown a competent knowledge in the examination as a whole.
10.2 If a student has entered for the last examination necessary to qualify for admission to the degree but the authorities of a College, or of a Central Activity, or of the University Library, or the University Accountant notify the Academic Registrar of the University that he/she has not
settled with them or made acceptable arrangements to settle any account outstanding, no report will be made on the result of the examination until the same authority certifies that payment has been made in full.
11. Notification of Results
11.1 Marks and/or grades obtained by candidates at the examination will be routinely issued to candidates in confidence for their personal information following the examination concerned. 11.2 After the examiners have reached a decision, every candidate will be notified by the Academic Registrar of the result of his/her examination.
11.3 A diploma under the Seal of the University shall be subsequently delivered to each candidate who has been awarded a degree. The date of the award of the degree will be 1 November.
12. Guidance for students on the award of the degree
12.1 A note of guidance for students, summarising the main points of the marking scheme, is set out in Appendix II (page xviii).
13. Representations from Candidates concerning Examination Results
13.1 There is no procedure for the consideration of appeals against the results of examinations on academic grounds. The University has a procedure (see paragraph 13.2 below) for the consideration of representations made on the grounds of administrative error or where there is concern that the examination may not have been conducted in accordance with the relevant Regulations and/or Instructions.
13.2 Chairmen and examiners must not communicate with candidates on behalf of the Board of Examiners about their performances at the examination. Any representation which a candidate may make in connection with the examination of his/her options must be referred to the Director of External and Internal Administration of the University. Representations shall be considered in accordance with the Procedure made under Paragraph 10(17) of Ordinance 15. The Procedure may be obtained from the Academic Registrar or found at:
http://www.london.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/about/governance/ordinances/Ordinance_015_a_regulatio ns_para_10_17.pdf
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LIST OF COURSES FOR THE LLM DEGREE
Note: Not all of the courses listed below may be available and students are advised to check the availability of courses with course teachers or graduate law tutors†.
[All subjects are full unless otherwise indicated] 1. Jurisprudence and Legal Theory 2. Law and Social Theory
5. Judicial Review and Administrative Law 6. Law and Governance in the Developing World 7. Western European Legal History
9. Principles of Civil Procedure [formerly: English Civil Procedure in a Multinational Context] 10. Evidence and Proof (This course is also available as two half-subjects: 10A Analysis of
Evidence and 10B Theoretical Aspects of Evidence and Proof) 11. Jeremy Bentham and the Utilitarian Tradition
13. The Law and Economics of Regulated Industries, Networks and Markets
14. Regulation of Financial Markets (Candidates offering this subject may not offer 151 Financial Services and Financial Regulations in Europe)
15. Alternative Dispute Resolution 16. UK Government and the Constitution 17. Ethnic Minorities and the Law
18. Equality and the Law: The Legal Regulation of Discrimination (Part I of the course is also available as a half-subject, 18A)
19. General Media Law (Candidates offering this subject may not also offer subject 160 Media Law: Freedom of the Press nor subject 161 Electronic Media Law)
20. Telecommunications Law
21. Company Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 60 Comparative European Company Laws)
22. Insurance (excluding Marine Insurance) 23. Marine Insurance
24. Carriage of Goods by Sea
25. Admiralty Law
26. The Taxation of Corporate Finance
27. Law of Finance and Foreign Investment in Emerging Economies 28. Taxation of Business Enterprises
29. Taxation Principles and Policy
30. Taxation of Electronic-Commerce (half-subject) 31. International Tax Law
32. Law of Credit and Security (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 186. International and Comparative Secured Transactions)
33. International and Comparative Commercial Arbitration (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 153 Principles and Techniques of International Commercial Arbitration) 34. Interests in Securities
35. Corporate Insolvency (This course is also available as two half-subjects: 35A Corporate
† Where a number has been omitted (e.g., 3, 4 and 8) this means that the course which carried that number is no longer offered. Any queries on withdrawn courses should be addressed to the Academic Registrar, University of London, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU
Insolvency I - Liquidation and its consequences and 35B Corporate Insolvency II - The management and rehabilitation of insolvent companies. Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 38 General Principles of Insolvency Law.)
36. Securities Regulation (This course is also available as two half-subjects: 36A UK Securities Regulation and 36B EU, Comparative and International Aspects of Securities Regulation) (Candidates offering full subject 36 or half-subject 36B may not offer subject 151 Financial Services and Financial Regulations in Europe)
37. International Commercial Litigation (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subjects 89 and 90 International Business Transactions I and II)
38. General Principles of Insolvency Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 35 Corporate Insolvency or half-subjects 35A or 35B)
39. European Community Tax Law 40. Commercial Fraud
41. Industrial and Intellectual Property 42. Computer Law
43. Franchising Law (half-subject)
44. Transfer of Technology Law (half-subject) 45. Law of Management and Labour Relations 46. Individual Employment Law
47. Monopoly, Competition and the Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 67 European Community Competition Law, nor subject 71 Comparative US and EEC Antitrust Law, nor subject 169 UK Competition Law)
48. Global Policy and Economics of Intellectual Property Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 158 Intellectual Property Rights and Development)
49. International and European Labour Law (nb. This subject has been replaced by subjects 163 Collective Labour Relations Law and 164 European Labour Law)
50. Compensation and the Law (available for External Students only, under Old Regulations) 51. Intellectual Property in the Digital Millennium
52. EC Regulation of the State in Competitive Markets (half-subject) (Candidates offering this half-subject may not offer subject 168 EC State Aid and State Regulation Law)
53. The Law on Investment Entities
54. Internet Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 162. Law, Technology and Global Governance)
56. Tax and Estate Planning
57. Advanced Equity and Trusts Law (This course is also available as two half-subjects: 57A Commercial Trusts Law and 57B Equity and the Home)
58. The Law of Restitution
60. Comparative European Company Laws (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 21 Company Law)
61. International and Comparative Insolvency Law (This course is also available as two half-subjects: 61A and 61B) (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 63 Comparative Commercial Law)
62. Trans-national and Comparative Commercial and Financial Law
63. Comparative Commercial Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 61 International and Comparative Insolvency Law)
64. Comparative Family Law 65. Comparative Conflict of Laws
67. European Community Competition Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 47 Monopoly, Competition and the Law nor subject 71 Comparative US and EEC Antitrust Law)
68. The European Internal Market 69. Arab Comparative Commercial Law
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70B. Investment and Trade Law in Central and Eastern Europe (half-subject)
71. Comparative US and EEC Antitrust Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 47 Monopoly, Competition and the Law, nor subject 67 European Community Competition Law, nor subject 170 US Anti-Trust Law)
72. Law and Urbanisation in Developing Countries
73. Comparative Tort Law: German, English and American Law Compared 74. Comparative Immigration and Nationality Law
78. United Nations Law
79. Constitutional and Institutional Law of the European Union (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 189. Judicial Protection in the EU)
80. Human Rights of Women
81. Common Law Foundations of International Commercial Law 82. International Air Law (excluding Law of Carriage by Air) 83. Space and Satellite Law
84. Law of Carriage by Air (half-subject) 85. International Law of the Sea
86. International Economic Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 156 World Trade Law)
87. The International Law of Armed Conflict and the Use of Force 88. International and Comparative Trust Law
89. International Business Transactions I: Litigation (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 37 International Commercial Litigation)
90. International Business Transactions II: Substantive Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 37 International Commercial Litigation)
91. The International Law of Natural Resources
92. Multinational Enterprises and the Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 154 International Investment Law, nor subject 195 Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Rights and Globalisation)
93. Legal Aspects of International Finance (Candidates offering this subject may not offer 138 Law of International Finance)
94. International Environmental Law 95. International Trade Law
96. Law of Treaties
97. The International Protection of Human Rights
98. Human Rights in the Developing World (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 198 International and Comparative Social Justice)
99. Foreign Relations Law
100. Law, Development and Globalisation
101. Law and Society in the Middle East and North Africa 103. Law and Society in South Asia
104. Laws of South East Asia 105. Islamic Law of Succession 106. Islamic Law
107. Foundations of Chinese Law
108. Foreign Trade and Investment Law of Asia 109. Modern Chinese Law
110. Chinese Commercial Law 111. International Refugee Law
112. Theoretical Criminology (available for External Students only, under Old Regulations) 113. Crime Control and Public Policy
114. Sentencing and the Criminal Process (available for External Students only under Old Regulations; replaced for Internal Students by subject 177 Sentencing and Criminal Justice) 115. Juvenile Justice (nb. replaced by subject 180 Youth Justice)
116. Child Law
118. Policing and Police Powers (nb. replaced by subject 176 Policing and the Police) 119. Theoretical and Comparative Criminal Law
120. International Criminal Law 121. Comparative Environmental Law
122. European Community Environmental Law 123. Environmental Law and Policy
124. Constitutional Law and Constitutional Rights in the USA
125. International Construction-Contracts and Arbitration (Candidates offering this subject may not offer Parts C and D of the MSc in Construction Law and Arbitration [KCL] as complementary subjects)
126. International Law on the Rights of the Child
127. International and Comparative Law of Patents, Trade Secrets and Related Rights (Candidates who also offer subject 41 Intellectual Property will not be permitted at examination to answer questions on the overlapping sections of the syllabuses.) (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 158 Intellectual Property Rights and Development)
128. International and Comparative Law of Copyright and Related Rights (Candidates who also offer subject 41 Intellectual Property will not be permitted at examination to answer questions on the overlapping sections of the syllabuses.)
129. International and Comparative Law of Trade Marks, Designs and Unfair Competition (Candidates who also offer subject 41 Intellectual Property will not be permitted at examination to answer questions on the overlapping sections of the syllabuses.)
130. The Law and Policy of International Courts and Tribunals 131. External Relations Law of the European Union
132. Electronic Banking Law (half-subject) 133. Art, Antiquity and the Law
134. Legal Regulation of the Music Industry 136. Value Added Tax
137. Banking Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 174 Commercial Banking Law)
138. Law of International Finance (Candidates offering this subject may not offer 93 Legal Aspects of International Finance)
140. Japanese Commercial Law: Corporate and Business Environment 141. Russian and other CIS Legal Systems I (half-subject)
142. Russian and other CIS Legal Systems II: Selected Special Subjects Note: This course is available as discrete half-subjects, 142A-142C (see syllabus for 142 for details of Special Subjects)
143. Japanese International Trade and Competition Law (half-subject) 144. Comparative European Law
145. Mental Health Law
146. The Law of Human Rights in the United Kingdom
147. New Medical Technologies and the Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 162 Law, Technology and Global Governance)
148. Comparative Human Rights Law
149. Justice, Reconciliation and Reconstruction in Post-Conflict Societies 150. Latin American, MERCOSUR and ANCOM Law and Institutions
151. Financial Services and Financial Regulations in Europe (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 14 Regulation of Financial Markets nor subject 36 Securities Regulation nor half-subject 36B EU, Comparative and International Aspects of Securities Regulation) 152. International Trade and Investment Dispute Settlement (Candidates offering this subject may
not offer subject 153 Principles and Techniques of International Commercial Arbitration) 153. Principles and Techniques of International Commercial Arbitration (Candidates offering this
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subject 152 International Trade and Investment Dispute Settlement)
154. International Investment Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 92 Multinational Enterprises and the Law)
155. The Regulation of the Conduct of Mergers and Acquisitions (half-subject)
156. World Trade Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 86 International Economic Law)
157. International and Comparative Property Law
158. Intellectual Property Rights and Development (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 48 Global Policy and Economics of Intellectual Property Law nor subject 127 International and Comparative Law of Patents, Trade Secrets and Related Rights)
159. Virtual Law (half-subject)
160. Media Law: Freedom of the Press (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 19 General Media Law)
161. Electronic Media Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 19 General Media Law)
162. Law, Technology and Global Governance (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 54 Internet Law nor subject 147 New Medical Technologies and the Law)
163. Collective Labour Relations Law
164. European Labour Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 166 EU Social Law and Policy)
165. EU Migration Law
166. EU Social Law and Policy (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 164 European Labour Law)
167. Contract Law in the European Union
168. EC State Aid and State Regulation Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer half-subject 52 EC Regulation of the State in Competitive Markets)
169. UK Competition Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 47 Monopoly, Competition and the Law)
170. US Anti-trust Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 71 Comparative US and EEC Antitrust Law)
171. International and Comparative Competition Law 172. International Merger Control
173. Law of International Banking
174. Commercial Banking Law (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 137 Banking Law)
175. Drugs, Crime and Criminal Justice (half-subject)∗ 176. Policing and the Police (half-subject)∗
177. Sentencing and Criminal Justice (half-subject)∗
178. Racism, Ethnicity, Crime and Criminal Justice (half-subject)∗ 179. Prison Studies (half-subject)∗
180. Youth Justice (half-subject)∗ 181. Comparative Constitutional Law
182. Colonialism, Empire and International Law
183. Law, Institutions and Political Economy of Transition
184. The Role of Economics in Competition Law (This course may be offered as either a full or a half-subject)
185. Economic Analysis and Methods for Lawyers
186. International and Comparative Secured Transactions (Candidates offering this subject may not
offer subject 32 Law of Credit and Security) 187. Law and Globalisation
188. EU Justice and Home Affairs
189. Judicial Protection in the EU (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 79 Constitutional and Institutional Law of the EU)
190. Russian Commercial Law
191. Copyright Law in the Middle East and North Africa 192. Advanced Medical Negligence
193. Gender, Law and the State: Current Legal Issues 194. Procedural Principles and Ethical Standards
195. Corporate Social Responsibility, Human Rights and Globalisation (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 92 Multinational Enterprises and the Law)
196. Law, Human Rights and Peace Building: The Israeli-Palestinian Case
The following courses have been approved for introduction in 2006-7:
197. International and Comparative Corporate Law
198. International and Comparative Social Justice (Candidates offering this subject may not offer subject 98 Human Rights in the Developing World)
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APPENDIX I
LLM ESSAYS
Notes on a) Plagiarism and b) Word Length
Candidates who write an essay as part of the LLM examination will be required, on submission of the essay, to sign the following statement and attach it to the essay (copies of the statement will be available in the Law Schools). :
You are reminded that all work submitted as part of the requirements for any examination of the University of London must be expressed in your own words and incorporate your own ideas and judgements. Plagiarism, - that is, the presentation of another person’s thoughts or words as though they were your own - must be avoided, with particular care in course-work and essays and reports written in your own time. Direct quotations from the published or unpublished work of another must always be clearly identified as such by being placed inside quotation marks, and a full reference to their source must be provided in the proper form. Remember that a series of short quotations from several different sources, if not clearly identified as such, constitutes plagiarism just as much as does a single unacknowledged long quotation from a single source. Equally, if you summarise another person’s ideas or judgements, you must refer to that person in your text, and include the work referred to in your bibliography. Failure to observe these rules may result in an allegation of cheating. Your essay may only contain work not submitted for credit elsewhere.
***
My supervisor has shown me the above statement concerning plagiarism and in accordance with it I submit this essay as my own work.
Word Length of Essay‡ ……….
Signed: ... Date: ……… Candidate
‡ Candidates are reminded that an essay must not exceed 15,000 words for a full subject or 8,000 words for a half-subject. For all essays (whether free-standing or course essays), the word length is inclusive of all appendices and footnotes, but exclusive of bibliography
APPENDIX II
GUIDANCE FOR STUDENTS ON THE AWARD OF THE LLM DEGREE
In order to gain the LLM, a candidate must obtain passes in four full options, or their equivalent, e.g. three full and two half options.
Full time students are required to sit and pass all papers in the same year. Part time students are allowed to take two papers [or equivalent] in advance and to take two papers [or equivalent] to complete their assessment the following year.
The pass mark is 50% for subjects examined by written paper and for extended essays.
A candidate who fails the examination has the right to resit all papers the following year. However, where a single fail is not too serious, or there are extenuating circumstances, properly evidenced, the Examinations Board may permit a candidate to resit only the failed subject.
Where one or more of the full options is an extended essay, which has been awarded a pass, a candidate is not usually required to resubmit the essay if she or he has to resit examinations.
In deciding the classification for each candidate, the Examination Board looks not only at the grades or marks awarded over the various elements of the examinations, but also on the assessment by the examiners of the candidate’s overall performance. This is especially relevant at the fail/pass, pass/merit and merit/distinction borderlines.
For example, if a very narrow fail in one subject is sufficiently outweighed by strength in all other subjects, the Board may award a condoned pass.
The LLM may be awarded with merit or with distinction. A candidate with all four papers in the range 60-69% will be awarded the LLM with merit, but candidates with three papers in the merit range and one paper in the pass range will also be considered.
A distinction will be gained by a candidate with marks of 70% or above in all four papers [or equivalent]. This is quite exceptional, and candidates will also be considered for distinction where they have three papers in the distinction range and one in the merit range.
The Examination Board also recommends candidates for prizes for outstanding performance where these have been established.
