IN-TEXT
CITATION
TROUBLE-SHOOTING
Suggestions adapted from:
Need to cite a film/video/song?
Use the Title and Time
Range
Instructions:
When creating in-text citations for media that has a runtime, such as a movie or podcast, include the range of hours, minutes and seconds you plan to reference.
In-text Citation Example:
In the beginning, viewers see Rosario fleeing her home country (Under the Same Moon 00:00:00-00:01:00).
Works Cited Entry Example:
Speed Racer. Directed by Lana Wachowski and Lilly Wachowski,
Basic Citation for an Electronic Source:
Include the Author’s Last Name and Article Title
INSTRUCTIONS:
The author's last name and the article title from where the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the in-text citation, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. Include a comma between the last name and title.
EXAMPLE:
Basic Citation for a
Print Source:
Include the Author’s Last Name and Page #
INSTRUCTIONS:
The author's last name and the page number(s) from where the
quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the in-text citation,
and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. Do not include a comma in your in-text citation.
EXAMPLE:
No known author for an
electronic
source?
Include the Article Title or
Website Title Instead & Partial
URL
INSTRUCTIONS:
When a source has no known author, use the article title or website title instead. Place article titles in quotation marks if they’re short works (such as an article) or italicize them if they’re longer works (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites).
EXAMPLES:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to
monitor and study environmental change . . ." ("Impact of Global Warming,” SavetheEarth.com).
No known author for a
source?
Include the Article Title
and Page #
INSTRUCTIONS:
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author’s name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an
article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available.
EXAMPLE:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to
Authors with the same last name for an
electronic
source?
Include Authors’ First Initials, Last
Names, & Article Title or Website
Title
INSTRUCTIONS:
If two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full names if different authors share initials) in your citation.
EXAMPLE:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller, Cloning Info), others note that the advantages for
Authors with the same last name for a
source?
Include Authors’ First Initials and
Page #
INSTRUCTIONS:
If two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full names if different authors share initials) in your citation.
EXAMPLE:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical
More than one author for an
electronic
source?
Include a List of Authors’ Last
Names & Article Title or Website
Title
INSTRUCTIONS:
For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the parenthetical citation:
EXAMPLES:
The authors claim that surface reading looks at what is “evident,
More than one author for a
source?
Include a List of Authors’ Last
Names and Page #
INSTRUCTIONS:
For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the parenthetical citation:
EXAMPLES:
Multiple works by the same author for
electronic
sources?
Use the Basic In-text Citation
format
INSTRUCTIONS:
Multiple works by the same author for
sources?
Include the Article Titles and
Page #s
INSTRUCTIONS:
When you have multiple works by the same author, use a shortened version of the article titles of each work instead of an author’s name. Place the titles in quotation marks if they’re short works (such as articles) or italicize them if they’re longer works (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites). Provide page numbers if
they’re available.
EXAMPLE:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has "more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to
Citing a source within a source for an
electronic
source?
Add “qtd. in” to Basic Citation Format
INSTRUCTIONS:
For secondary source quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:
EXAMPLE:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service
centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman, “High School Info”). *In this example, Ravitch said it, but Weisman is the author of the article where you found the quote.
Citing a source within a source for a
source?
Add “qtd. In” to Basic Citation format
INSTRUCTIONS:
For secondary source quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:
EXAMPLE:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as "social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in Weisman 259).
*In this example, Ravitch said it, but Weisman is the author of the article where you found the quote.
Need to include multiple in-text citations for
electronic
sources?
Use a Semi-colon to Merge In-text
Citations
INSTRUCTIONS:
To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon and order them chronologically.
*Try to avoid this scenario. If you find yourself in this scenario, you have probably created a run-on sentence.
Example:
Need to include multiple in-text citations for
sources?
Use a Semi-colon to Merge In-text
Citations
INSTRUCTIONS:
To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon and order them chronologically.
*Try to avoid this scenario. If you find yourself in this scenario, you have probably created a run-on sentence.
Example:
Need to cite a corporation because there
is no individual author for
electronic
source?
Use a Corporation Name in Basic
Citation Format
Instructions:
Sometimes a corporation name is given instead of a specific author.
When a source has a corporate author, it is acceptable to use the name of the corporation in lieu of an author’s last name.
Example:
Need to cite a corporation because there
is no individual author for
source?
Use a Corporation Name in Basic
Citation Format
Instructions:
Sometimes a corporation name is given instead of a specific author.
When a source has a corporate author, it is acceptable to use the name of the corporation in lieu of an author’s last name.
Examples:
Need to cite a personal interview?
Use the interviewee’s
Last Name
Instructions:
When creating in-text citations for an interview you conducted, include the interviewee’s last name.
In-text Citation Example:
When asked about her experience, Dr. Anders said it was “enlightening” (Anders).
Works Cited Entry Example:
