ln_tan_full_ch04.pps

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Chapter 4

INDEPENDENCE!

Section 1:

Section 1: The Seeds of Unrest The Seeds of Unrest Section 2:

Section 2: The Shot Heard Round the World The Shot Heard Round the World Section 3:

Section 3: Independence Declared Independence Declared Section 4:

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Objectives:

 _{How did the British Crown respond to Pontiac’s}_{How did the British Crown respond to Pontiac’s}

Rebellion?

 _{Why did the British government pass the Sugar}_{Why did the British government pass the Sugar}

Act and the Stamp Act?

 _{How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?}_{How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act?}  _{What events led to the Boston Massacre?}_{What events led to the Boston Massacre?}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Crown response to Pontiac’s Rebellion

 _{issued the Proclamation of 1763, barring}_{issued the Proclamation of 1763, barring}

settlement west of the Appalachians and requiring

traders to obtain permission before entering the

territory

 _{attempted to tax the colonists to recover the costs}_{attempted to tax the colonists to recover the costs}

of fighting the rebellion

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Sugar Act and Stamp Act

The Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed

because the British government was deeply in debt

from fighting the French and Indian War and Indian

uprisings.

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Colonial response to the Stamp Act

 _{Colonial assemblies met to protest taxation}_{Colonial assemblies met to protest taxation}

without representation.

 _{Colonial merchants signed nonimportation}_{Colonial merchants signed nonimportation}

agreements.

 _{Some public demonstrations turned violent.}_{Some public demonstrations turned violent.}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Events leading to the Boston Massacre

 _{Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767;}_{Parliament passed the Townshend Acts in 1767;}

writs of assistance used to enforce them.

 _{British government dissolved the Massachusetts}_{British government dissolved the Massachusetts}

assembly for its opposition.

 _{Protest escalated into boycotts and violence;}_{Protest escalated into boycotts and violence;}

British troops sent to Boston.

 _{British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.}_{British troops opened fire on crowd of protesters.}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Objectives:

 _{Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the}_{Why did the colonists in Massachusetts stage the}

Boston Tea Party?

 _{Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?}_{Why did Parliament pass the Intolerable Acts?}  _{What events led to the battles at Lexington and}_{What events led to the battles at Lexington and}

Concord?

 _{What actions did the Second Continental Congress}_{What actions did the Second Continental Congress}

take?

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

The Boston Tea Party

 _{The Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the}_{The Tea Act of 1773 was passed to bail out the}

British East India Company; it gave the company

privileges that no American merchants had.

 The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists’ _{The Governor of Massachusetts refused colonists’}

demands that three shiploads of tea be returned to

Britain.

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

The Intolerable Acts

 _{passed to punish Boston and the rest of}_{passed to punish Boston and the rest of}

Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party

 _{designed to strengthen British control over all the}_{designed to strengthen British control over all the}

colonies

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Events leading to battles of Lexington

and Concord

 Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to _{Colonial unity was strengthened by opposition to}

Intolerable Acts.

 _{First Continental Congress met; called for ban on trade}_{First Continental Congress met; called for ban on trade} with Britain.

with Britain.

 Gage was ordered to put down rebellion; moved to seize _{Gage was ordered to put down rebellion; moved to seize}

rebel military supplies.

 _{Paul Revere rode; armed colonists confronted British}_{Paul Revere rode; armed colonists confronted British} soldiers.

soldiers.

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Second Continental Congress

 _{Continental Army established; George}_{Continental Army established; George}

Washington chosen to command

 _{fought the Battle of Boston}_{fought the Battle of Boston}

 _{sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George}_{sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George}  _{voted to declare independence}_{voted to declare independence}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Objectives:

 _{How did the Declaration of Independence explain}_{How did the Declaration of Independence explain}

America’s break with Great Britain?

 _{How did Americans react to the Declaration of}_{How did Americans react to the Declaration of}

Independence?

 _{What major problems did the Continental Army face?}_{What major problems did the Continental Army face?}  _{What roles did different groups of people play in the}_{What roles did different groups of people play in the}

war?

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Declaration of Independence

 _{listed King George III’s misdeeds}_{listed King George III’s misdeeds}

 _{established the doctrine of unalienable rights}_{established the doctrine of unalienable rights}  declared that people have the right to abolish _{declared that people have the right to abolish}

government that deprives them of unalienable

rights

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The American Nation

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Reactions to Declaration

 _{Some Patriots celebrated and even destroyed}_{Some Patriots celebrated and even destroyed}

British icons.

 _{Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration;}_{Loyalists opposed or ignored the Declaration;}

some fled.

 _{Some Patriots wanted women included in the}_{Some Patriots wanted women included in the}

government.

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Army problems

 _{lack of important supplies, including food,}_{lack of important supplies, including food,}

clothing, and other necessities

 _{harsh weather}_{harsh weather}  _disease_disease

 _{shortage of enlistments}_{shortage of enlistments}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

African Americans

 _{Some fought for the British to gain freedom.}_{Some fought for the British to gain freedom.}  _{Many former slaves fought for Patriots.}_{Many former slaves fought for Patriots.}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

American Indians

Many supported the British, who promised to protect

land rights.

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Women

 _{Some served as spies and messengers; a few as}_{Some served as spies and messengers; a few as}

soldiers.

 _{Many accompanied troops to work as cooks,}_{Many accompanied troops to work as cooks,}

laundresses, and nurses.

 _{Others made war materials and kept colonial}_{Others made war materials and kept colonial}

economy going.

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Objectives:

 _{What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton}_{What was the importance of the Battles of Trenton}

and Saratoga?

 _{How did the Patriots defeat the British in the West}_{How did the Patriots defeat the British in the West}

and the South?

 _{What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?}_{What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Battle of Trenton

 _{first major offensive}_{first major offensive}

 _{raised American morale}_{raised American morale}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

Battle of Saratoga

 _{encouraged European countries to become U.S.}_{encouraged European countries to become U.S.}

allies

 _{raised American morale}_{raised American morale}

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

The West and the South

 _{Small detachments of troops gave Patriots speed}_{Small detachments of troops gave Patriots speed}

and flexibility.

 _{Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack more}_{Small-scale attacks allowed Patriots to attack more}

places.

 _{Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to take}_{Guerrilla warfare tactics allowed Patriots to take}

advantage of local geography and to destabilize

the British.

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The American Nation

HOLT HOLT

The Treaty of Paris

 _{granted the United States independence}_{granted the United States independence}

 _{transferred the land from the Atlantic coast west to}_{transferred the land from the Atlantic coast west to}

the Mississippi, and from the Great Lakes south to

Florida, to the Americans

 _{declared that the Americans should pay any debts}_{declared that the Americans should pay any debts}

owed to the British