MANAGEMENT
STUDY NOTES
PMBOK 2000 based, Version 7
In Preparation For
PMP
®Certification Exam
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Initially Prepared By: Kim Ulmer Edited By: Peter Dapremont March 2002 Edition
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Project Scope Management
Study Notes
Reference Material to study:
ü A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), Chapter 5 (2000
edition)
ü PMP Exam Practice Test and Study Guide, 4th Edition, by Ward, J. LeRoy, PMP,
2001
ü PMP Exam Prep, 3rd Edition, by Mulcahy, Rita, PMP, 2001
ü ESI PMP Challenge!, 3rd Edition, Scope Section, Ward, J. LeRoy, 2001
ü Project Planning, Scheduling & Control, Chapters 1-4, 16, Appendix A,
Lewis, James P., 1995
ü The New Project Management, Chapters 8, 12-13, Frame, J. Davidson, 1994 What to Study?
ü Chapter 5 of thePMBOK on the Project Scope Management processes: Initiation, Scope Planning, Scope Definition, Scope Verification, and Scope Change Control. (Be familiar with Inputs, Tools and Techniques, and Outputs for each phase) ü Know the difference between project and product scope.
ü Know the difference between a scope statement and a statement of work (SOW). ü Know key definitions (see list in study notes orPMBOK glossary).
ü Know what a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is and what it is used for. ü Know what a work package is and how it relates to the WBS.
ü Know how to label the levels of a WBS chart. ü Know what a project plan is and how it is used.
“PMBOK" is a trademark of the Project Management Institute, Inc. which is registered in the United States and other nations. “PMI” is a service and trademark of the Project Management Institute, Inc. which is registered in the United States and other nations. “PMP” and the PMP logo are certification marks of the Project Management Institute which are registered in the United States and other nations.
Key Definitions
A formal, approved document used to guide both project execution and project control. The primary uses of the project plan are to document planning assumptions and decisions, to facilitate communication among stakeholders, and to document approved scope, cost, and schedule baselines.
Project Plan
The members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities. On some smaller projects, the project management team may include virtually all of the project team members.
Project Management Team
A formal document issued by senior management which explains the purpose of the project including the business need the project addresses and the resulting product. It provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
Project Charter
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.
Project
The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions.
Project Scope
The features and functions that characterize a product or service. Product Scope
The same as an accountability matrix or responsibility assignment matrix.
Linear Responsibility Chart
Compressing the project schedule by overlapping activities that would normally be done in sequence. Also used to imply
overlapping of normally sequential phases in a project life cycle. Fast Tracking
A form of participative expert judgment, it is a anonymous, interactive forecasting technique used to derive consensus about future events on a project. The purpose of the Delphi technique is to elicit information and judgments from participants to facilitate problem-solving, planning, and decision-making.
Delphi Technique
Any measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result, or item that must be produced to complete a project or subproject.
Deliverable
Any numbering system used to uniquely identify each element of the work breakdown structure.
Code of Accounts
Any numbering system used to monitor project costs by category (e.g., labor supplies, materials). The project chart of accounts is usually based on the primary performing organization’s corporate chart of accounts.
Chart of Accounts
A formally constituted group of stakeholders responsible for approving or rejecting changes to the project baselines. Change Control
Board (CCB)
The original plan plus or minus approved changes. Baseline
A structure which relates the project organizational structure to the work breakdown structure to help ensure that each element of the project’s scope is assigned to a responsible individual. Also referred to as a Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM). Accountability Matrix
Key Definitions, cont.
A deliverable at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure. A work package may be divided into activities.
Work Package
A deliverable-oriented grouping of project elements which organizes and defines the total scope of the project. Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)
In cases where work is to be performed in segments due to technical or funding limitations, work authorization/release authorizes specified work to be performed during a specified period.
Work
Authorization/Release
Process of sanctioning all project work. Work Authorization
Individuals and organizations who are involved in or may be affected by project activities.
Stakeholder
A narrative description of products or services to be supplied under contract.
Statement of Work (SOW)
Process of verifying that that all identified project deliverables have been completed correctly and satisfactorily and obtaining formal acceptance of the project scope from the stakeholders. Scope Verification
A documented description of the project as to its output,
approach, and content. (What is being produced?, How is it being produced?, and What is included?)
Scope Statement
A plan which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope change will be integrated into the project. Includes an assessment of how likely and frequently the project scope may change and a description of how scope changes will be identified and classified.
Scope Management Plan
Developing a written scope statement that includes the project justification, the major deliverables, and the project objectives. Scope Planning
Decomposing the major deliverables into smaller, more manageable components to provide better control. Scope Definition
Controlling changes to project scope. Scope Change
Control
Any change to the project scope. Scope Change
A structure which relates the project organization structure to the WBS to help ensure that each element of the project’s scope of work is assigned to a responsible individual. Also called an Accountability Matrix, Responsibility Chart, or Responsibility Matrix.
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
The people who report either directly or indirectly to the project manager.
Project Team Members
The work that must be done to deliver a product with the specified features and functions.
Project Scope
A device which houses the project plan. It can be as simple as a 3-ring binder or more complex such as a Lotus Notes database. The notebook is updated throughout the life of the project. Project Notebook
Project Scope Management Processes
Project Scope Management:
Ÿ Includes the processes necessary to ensure that the project includes all the work required, and only the work required, to complete the project successfully.
Ÿ Primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is and what is not included in the project.
Initiation (5.1):
(Process Group: Initiating)Ÿ Authorizes the organization to begin a new project or the next phase of an existing project.
Ÿ Formally recognizes that a new project exists or that an existing project should continue to its next phase.
Ÿ Links the project to the ongoing work of the performing organization.
Ÿ Inputs include: product description, strategic plan, project selection criteria, and historical information
Ÿ Product description: the characteristics of the product or service that the project was undertaken to create.
Ÿ Strategic plan: all projects should be aligned with the performing organizations strategic goals.
Ÿ Historical information: includes the results of previous project selection decisions and previous project performance.
Ÿ Methods used during initiation include: project selection methods and expert judgment from: other units within the organization, consultants, industry groups, or
professional/technical associations. Ÿ Project selection methods:
· Include decision criterion and a means to calculate value under uncertainty. Known as the decision model and calculation method.
· Also includes choosing alternative methods of performing the project.
· Fall into one of two categories: benefit measurement methods (comparative approaches, scoring models, benefit contribution, economic models) or constrained optimization methods (mathematical models using linear, nonlinear, dynamic, integer, and multi-objective programming algorithms). · Decision models include generalized techniques such as decision trees,
forced choice as well as specialized ones such as Analytic Hierarchy Process and Logical Framework Analysis.
Ÿ Outputs include: the project charter, an assigned or identified project manager, constraints, and assumptions.
Ÿ Project charter:
· A document that formally authorizes a project and is issued by management. · Includes (directly or through reference) the business need for the project and
the product description.
· Provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
Ÿ Constraints: factors that limit the project team’s options.
Project Scope Management Processes, cont.
Scope Planning (5.2):
(Process Group: Planning)Ÿ The process of progressively elaborating and documenting the project work (project scope) that produces the product/service of the project.
Ÿ Inputs include: the product description, project charter, constraints, and assumptions. Ÿ Methods used during scope planning include: product analysis, benefit/cost analysis,
alternatives identification, and expert judgment. Ÿ Product analysis:
· Involves developing a better understanding of the product of the project. · Includes techniques such as product breakdown analysis systems
engineering, value engineering, value analysis, function analysis, and quality function deployment.
Ÿ Benefit/cost analysis:
· Involves estimating tangible and intangible costs (also called outlays) vs. benefits (returns) of various project/product alternatives.
· Involves using financial measures such as return on investment or payback period to access the relative value of the alternatives.
Ÿ Outputs include: scope statement, supporting detail, and scope management plan. Ÿ Scope statement:
· Provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for confirming or developing common understanding of project scope among the stakeholders.
· As the project progresses, the scope statement may need to be revised or refined to reflect approved changes to the scope of the project.
· Includes, either directly or by reference, the project justification, the project product/service, project deliverables, the project objectives (quantifiable criteria that must be met for the project to be considered successful).
· Forms the basis for an agreement between the project team and the project customer.
Ÿ Supporting detail: includes documentation of all identified assumptions and constraints.
Ÿ Scope management plan:
· Describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes will be integrated into the project.
· Includes an assessment of the expected stability of the project scope. · Includes a clear description of how scope changes will be identified and
classified.
· May be formal or informal, highly detailed or broadly framed depending on the project needs.
Project Scope Management Processes, cont.
Scope Definition (5.3):
(Process Group: Planning)Ÿ The process of subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components to:
Ÿ Improve the accuracy of the cost, duration, and resource estimates. Ÿ Define a baseline for performance measurement and control. Ÿ Facilitate clear responsibility assignments.
Ÿ Proper scope definition is critical to project success.
Ÿ Inputs include: scope statement, constraints, assumptions, other planning outputs, and historical information.
Ÿ Other planning outputs: process outputs from other knowledge areas should be reviewed for possible impact on project scope definition.
Ÿ Historical information: history from previous projects should be considered during scope definition including information regarding errors and omissions.
Ÿ Methods used during scope definition are: work breakdown structure templates (or WBS from a previous project), and decomposition (subdivision).
Ÿ Decomposition:
· Involves subdividing the major project deliverables or sub deliverables into smaller, more manageable components until the deliverables are defined in sufficient detail to support development of project activities.
· Involves identifying the major deliverables of the project, including project management. The deliverables should be defined in terms of how the project will be organized. (i.e., The first level of decomposition may be the phases of the project cycle followed by the project deliverables at the second level.) · Decides if adequate cost and duration estimates can be developed at this
level of detail for each deliverable.
· Identifies constituent components of the deliverable. Constituent elements should be described in terms of tangible, verifiable results in order to facilitate performance measurement. Should always be defined in terms of how the work of the project will actually be organized and accomplished.
· Verifies the correctness of the decomposition. Are the lower level items both necessary and sufficient? Is each item clearly and completely defined? Can each item be appropriately scheduled, budgeted, assigned?
Project Scope Management Processes, cont.
Scope Verification (5.4):
(Process Group: Controlling)Ÿ The process of obtaining formal acceptance of the project scope by the stakeholders (sponsor, client, customer, etc.)
Ÿ Requires reviewing deliverables and work results to ensure that all were completed correctly and satisfactorily.
Ÿ Differs from Quality Control in that Scope Verification is primarily concerned with acceptance of the work results while Quality Control is primarily concerned with the correctness of the work results. Both processes are generally performed in parallel. Ÿ Inputs include: work results (completed or partially completed deliverables, incurred or
committed costs, etc.), product documentation (plans, specifications, technical documentation, etc.), WBS, scope statement, and the project plan.
Ÿ The method used in verifying scope is: inspection (measuring, examining, reviewing and testing to determine if results conform to requirements)
Ÿ Output from verifying scope: formal acceptance by client or sponsor of the major deliverable(s).
Scope Change Control (5.5):
(Process Group: Controlling) Ÿ The process of controlling changes to project scope. Ÿ Scope Change Control is concerned with:Ÿ Influencing the factors that create scope changes to ensure that changes are agreed upon.
Ÿ Determining that a scope change has occurred.
Ÿ Managing the actual changes when and if the changes occur.
Ÿ Must be thoroughly integrated with the other control processes such as Schedule Control, Cost Control, Quality Control, etc.
Ÿ Inputs include: WBS, performance reports, change requests, and the scope management plan.
Ÿ Performance reports: provide information on scope performance such as which interim deliverables have been completed and which have not.
Ÿ Change requests:
· May occur in many forms - oral, written, direct, indirect, externally initiated, internally initiated, legally mandated or optional.
· May require expanding or reducing the scope.
· Are generally the result of an external event; an error or omission in defining either the scope of the project or product; a value-added enhancement, a response to a risk.
Project Scope Management Processes, cont.
Ÿ Methods for controlling scope change include: scope change control, performance measurement, and additional planning.
Ÿ Scope change control:
· Defines procedures by which the project scope may be changed.
· Includes the paperwork, tracking systems, and approval levels necessary for authorizing changes.
· Should be integrated with the Integrated Change Control Process and any system(s) in place to control product scope.
· Must comply with all relevant contractual obligations.
Ÿ Performance measurement: assists in assessing the magnitude of any variations that do occur.
Ÿ Additional planning: additional planned modifications such as to the WBS or analysis of alternative approaches.
Ÿ Outputs include: scope changes, corrective action, lessons learned, and adjusted baseline.
Project Scope Management Concepts
Generic Project Life Cycle:
A generic project life cycle may have the following phases:
Ÿ Initiation/Concept/Feasibility: Someone has identified a need that must be met. The definition of the problem to be solved may be fuzzy. Feasibility studies may be done during this phase to clarify the problem before preceding. Order of magnitude costs may be obtained. Other items that may be identified at this phase include
stakeholders, risk, goals and objectives, strategy, potential team, and alternatives. The output of this phase is the project charter which grants permission for the project to proceed to the next phase.
Ÿ Development/Planning: The purpose of this phase is to determine exactly what is to be done. A problem statement is developed along with objectives, strategies for achieving the objectives, and detailed work plans to support the strategies. The scope baseline is determined. Budgetary costs are determined, and the budget is
developed. A risk assessment is done. The WBS is established. The players are identified along with the levels of authority, responsibility, and accountability. Control systems are developed (if not already in place) and quality standards determined. Detailed planning is completed and documented in the project plan. The project plan is kept within a hard-copy or electronic device called a project notebook. The project plan/notebook serves as the controlling document throughout the life of the project. Ÿ Implementation/Execution: The lines of communication between teams and team
members are established. Work packages are established and implemented. Definitive estimates are determined. Goods and services are procured. Scope, quality, time, and cost are directed, monitored and controlled. Problems are resolved. Ÿ Termination/Close-out: The product is finalized, reviewed and accepted. Product
responsibility is transferred. The project is evaluated and the results documented along with lessons learned in the project notebook. Resources are redirected or released, and the project team is reassigned.
Project Scope Management Concepts, continued
Feasibility Phases of the Life Cycle:
Ÿ The feasibility phases are the concept and development phases of a generic project life cycle. Generally speaking, these phases count for approximately 25% of the project time.
Ÿ While the feasibility phases are critical to project success, they are also the most often neglected. These phases are often compromised by implementation pressure.
Ÿ The principle issues during these phases are cost, time, quality, and risk.
Ÿ Project controls should be established. Some characteristics of a good project control system:
Ÿ The controls should be tailored to each project Ÿ The controls should limit informal changes in scope Ÿ The controls should be designed to “avoid surprises”
Ÿ The frequency and type of control is project phase dependent.
Ÿ Depending on the control, there may be varying degrees of management involvement.
Ÿ The focal point for scope change control is the WBS.
Acquisition Phases of the Life Cycle:
Ÿ The acquisition phases are the implementation and termination phases of a generic project life cycle. Generally speaking, these phases count for approximately 75% of the project time.
Ÿ Project controls during the implementation phase:
Ÿ Emphasize performance measurement against cost, quality, and schedule baselines.
Ÿ Maintain scope, cost, time and quality balance.
Ÿ Types of reports: cost, schedule, performance status; S curves; earned value; variances; trends, and exceptions
Project Scope Management Concepts, continued
Work Breakdown Structure:
Ÿ An output of the Scope Definition Process. Used as input into the Scope Verification Process.
Ÿ A deliverable-oriented grouping of project components that organizes and defines the total scope of the project.
Ÿ Used to develop or confirm a common understanding of project scope.
Ÿ A detailed representation of the scope of the project expressed in terms of work, resource, and cost.
Ÿ Each descending level represents an increasingly detailed description of the project deliverables.
Ÿ Lowest level of the WBS may be referred to as the work package, especially in
organizations that follow earned value management practices. Work packages may be further decomposed in a subproject WBS (such as contracting work to another
organization.)
Ÿ Developing a WBS (from class notes by Infotech): 1. Identify major issues.
2. Break down each issue into smaller deliverable units. 3. Subdivide deliverables into measurable units.
4. Define each work package as subcontractable units of work. 5. Review for patterns and anomalies.
6. Review again.
Ÿ Developing a WBS (from Project Planning, Scheduling & Control by Lewis): 1. What tasks must be done?
2. Who will do each one? 3. How long will each task take?
4. What materials/supplies are required? 5. How much will each task cost?
Ÿ Examples of names of WBS structure levels: 1. Program
2. Project 3. Task 4. Sub-Task 5. Work Package
Project Scope Management Concepts, continued
An example of numbering a WBS:
1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3Work Package:
Ÿ The lowest level of a WBS.
Ÿ Work packages are further broken down into activities during the Activity Definition Process. (part of Project Time Management)
Role of Project Manager:
Ÿ Produce end item with available resources, within time, cost and performance constraints.
Ÿ Make all required decisions regarding the project.
Ÿ Act as interface with customer and top functional managers.
Ÿ Negotiate with functional managers to accomplish necessary work within time, cost, and quality goals.
Ÿ Resolve conflicts.
Functions Performed by Project Manager:
Ÿ Planning and scheduling, performance analysis, progress reporting Ÿ Client/consultant relations
Ÿ Project and cost trend analysis, logistics management, cost control Ÿ Organization and resource planning
Sample Questions
1. Which of the following could be an appropriate WBS code for a work package at the fourth level in a WBS where the top level code is 1?
A. 1.4 B. 1.1.1.1 C. 1.2.3.4 D. b and c
2. Which of the following Project Scope Management processes involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components?
A. Scope Planning B. Scope Decomposition C. Scope Change Control D. Scope Definition
3. A clear definition of the customer’s needs serves as the direct basis for which of the following? (choose best answer)
A. WBS
B. Functional requirement C. Project cost estimate D. Project charter
4. A technical requirement has which of these characteristics? (choose best answer) A. Easy for a lay person to comprehend
B. Written in non-technical language.
C. Developed in cooperation with the customer.
D. Typically describes physical dimensions or performance requirements. 5. Project scope is:
A. The work that must be done in order to deliver a product with the specified features and functions.
B. The features and functions that characterize a product or service. C. A narrative description of work to be performed under contract. D. all of the above
6. What is the purpose of the WBS?
A. To show which work elements have been assigned to organizational units. B. To ensure that all work within a project is identified and defined within a common
framework.
C. To show the organizational structure of a program.
Sample Questions, continued
7. The unique identifiers assigned to each item of a WBS are often known collectively as:
A. The work package codes B. The project identifiers C. The code of accounts D. The element accounts
8. Change requests can occur due to:
A. An external event such as a change in government regulation. B. An error or omission in defining the scope of the product. C. A value-adding change.
D. all of the above
9. What is the difference between scope verification and quality control? A. There is no difference.
B. Scope verification is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results.
C. Scope verification is concerned with ensuring that changes are beneficial while quality control is concerned that the overall work results are correct.
D. Scope verification is primarily concerned with the acceptance of work results while quality control is primarily concerned with the correctness of work results.
10. Which of the following are outputs of the Scope Verification Process? A. Inspection
B. Work results C. Formal acceptance D. Scope changes
11. Which of the following are outputs of the Scope Change Control Process? A. Scope changes and scope management plan
B. Corrective action and formal acceptance C. Schedule updates and corrective action
D. Scope changes, corrective action, lessons learned, and adjusted baseline. 12. Who should contribute to the development of the project plan?
A. Project manager
B. Entire project team including project manager C. Senior management
Sample Questions, continued
13. A Gantt chart is useful in determining: A. The level of effort for a task. B. When a task starts and stops. C. How tasks are related to each other. D. Who is assigned to each task.
14. Which of the following tools and techniques are commonly used in the Scope Definition Process?
A. Inspection B. Decomposition C. WBS templates D. b and c
15. Which of the following is NOT an example of a type of schedule report? A. Gantt chart
B. Milestone chart C. fishbone diagram D. network diagram
16. What is the primary purpose of a milestone chart? A. To show task dependencies.
B. To show resource constraints.
C. To show significant events in the project such as completion of key deliverables. D. To highlight the critical path.
17. What is a linear responsibility chart? A. An accountability matrix.
B. A RAM. C. An OBS. D. a and b.
18. Completion of the product scope is measured against: A. The product requirements
B. The Project Plan C. The Project Charter D. The Change Control Plan
Sample Questions, continued
19. A document which describes how project scope will be managed and how scope changes will be integrated into the project is: (choose the best answer)
A. A project plan B. A risk analysis
C. A scope management plan D. A scope statement
20. Which of the following statements concerning a scope statement are true?
A. It provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for developing common understanding of the project scope among stakeholders.
B. Scope statement and Statement of work are synonymous.
C. Project justification and project objectives are not included or referenced in the scope statement.
D. Once written, the scope statement should never be revised. 21. What is the relationship between work packages and activities?
A. There is no relationship.
B. Work packages are further broken into activities as part of the Activity Definition Process.
C. Activities are broken into work packages as part of the Scope Planning Process. D. Work packages and activities are synonymous.
22. Which of the following documents is not an input to Initiation? A. Product description.
B. Strategic plan
C. Historical information D. Project Charter
23. Scope Change Control is primarily concerned with: A. Influencing the factors that create scope changes.
B. Defining a baseline for performance measurement and control.
C. Developing a written scope statement which will serve as the basis for future project decisions.
D. Assigning work elements to the proper organizations.
24. A technique used to validate that the project can meet the required performance and business objectives is:
A. Cost/Benefit Analysis
B. Statistical Regression Analysis C. Pareto Analysis
Sample Questions, continued
25. A high-technology project has been initiated. This project will require the coordination of several different high technology functional areas. What kind of organizational structure would be appropriate for this project ?
A. Functional B. Matrix
C. Strong Matrix D. Balanced Matrix
26. Which of the following statements is not true about the WBS? A. The WBS indicateswhencertain activities are to be done. B. The WBS is a hierarchical breakdown of the project deliverables. C. The WBS represents the entire scope of the project.
D. The WBS shows both products and services. 27. A work package is:
A. The code of accounts
B. The definition of the scope statement C. Items at the lowest level of the WBS
D. Activity that can be assigned to more then one person
28. Which of the following is an output of the Scope Verification Process? A. WBS
B. Project Plan
C. Formal Acceptance D. Lessons Learned
29. The baseline may be modified for what reasons? (choose the best answer) A. The project manager decides to expand the scope of the project.
B. A change in a government regulation has occurred which impacts the project.
C. A change request for enhanced function has been received and approved through the Scope Change Control Process.
D. b and c.
30. Decomposition involves:
A. Identifying the major elements of the project.
B. Deciding if adequate cost and duration estimates can be developed at this level of detail for each element..
C. Identifying the constituent elements of the deliverable. D. All of the above.
Answer Sheet
d c b a 30. d c b a 29. d c b a 28. d c b a 27. d c b a 26. d c b a 25. d c b a 24. d c b a 23. d c b a 22. d c b a 21. d c b a 20. d c b a 19. d c b a 18. d c b a 17. d c b a 16. d c b a 15. d c b a 14. d c b a 13. d c b a 12. d c b a 11. d c b a 10. d c b a 9. d c b a 8. d c b a 7. d c b a 6. d c b a 5. d c b a 4. d c b a 3. d c b a 2. d c b a 1.Answers
PMBOK Guide, pgs. 58-59 D 30 PMBOK Guide, pgs. 63-64 D 29 PMBOK Guide, pg. 61 C 28 PMBOK Guide, pg. 60 C 27 PMBOK Guide, pgs. 57-61 A 26Multiple, specialized functions will require strong guidance and control from the Project Manager C 25 PMBOK Guide, pgs. 55-56 A 24 PMBOK Guide, pg. 62 A 23 PMBOK Guide, pg. 53 D 22 PMBOK Guide, pg. 67 B 21 PMBOK Guide, pg. 56 A 20 PMBOK Guide, pg. 56 C 19 PMBOK Guide, pg. 51 A 18
A linear responsibility chart is defined in the Lewis book. See PMBOK Guide, Glossary. D 17 C 16 PMP Challenge!, question 18 C 15 PMBOK Guide, pg. 57 D 14
1991 PMI Sample Exam #17 B 13 B 12 PMBOK Guide, pg. 62 D 11
Answer “D”, scope changes, is an output of the Scope Change Control Process. PMBOK Guide, pg. 61 C 10 PMBOK Guide, pg. 61 D 9 PMBOK Guide, pg. 63 D 8
PMBOK Guide, Glossary C
7
Definition “A” is an OBS. SeePMBOK, pgs. 59-60 B
6
PMBOK Guide, pg. 51. The distinction between project scope and product scope is very fine. “B” is product scope. “C” is statement of work.
A 5
1991 PMI Sample Exam #16 D
4
1991 PMI Sample Exam #15 B
3
PMBOK Guide, pg. 57 D
2
Old PMI Sample Exam D
PMP
®Certification Exam Preparation
What did I do wrong ?
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Total
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10. NOT rushed to finish
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9. Reviewed my answer after reading the other questions
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®rather than my own perspective
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4. Used a strategy of elimination
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3. Read ALL the answers before answering the question
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