FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4713
leFkZ jkenkl
mahajana
izLrkouk
*TkxkP;k dY;k.kk larkP;k foHkwrh*s
egkjk’Vª gh larkaph Hkweh vkgs ;k larkaP;k Hkwehr leFkZ jkenkl lar rqdkjke] lar Kkus”oj] pks[kkesGk vls vusd lar gksÅu xsys- R;krhy ,d lar Eg.kts leFkZ jkenkl- ;k leFkZ jkenklkaps iq.kZ uko ukjk;.k lq;kZthiar Bkslj gs vkgs- ;k leFkZ
jkenklkps o.kZu vki.k d: frrds FkksMsp vkgs- R;kaps dk;Z gs vQkV vkgs gs 17 O;k “krdkrhy ,d vkxGsosxGs lar iq:’k gksÅu xsys- R;kaP;k O;DrheRokr lar o leFkZ v”kh nksu :is fnlrkr- R;kauh lektkyk ijekFkkZph f”kdo.k rj fnyhp i.k R;kpcjkscj R;kauh iziap foKku HkksorkyP;k ifjfLFkrho:u f”kdo.k fnyh vkgs- o;kP;k 13 O;k o’khZp R;kauh x`gR;kx dsyk vkf.k toGtoG 12 o’ksZ R;kauh ri”p;kZ
dsyh- egkjk’Vªkr vLekuh lqyrkuh ladVkr iq.kZr: lkiMyk gksrk- ;k dkGkrhy
ifjfLFkrh vR;ar fcdV vlrkukgh oSfnd /kekZps iquZthou jkeksiklusP;k cGkoj dj.kkjk laiznk; jkenklkauh lq: dsyk- ßjkes jkenkLkh mins”kyhÞ vlk izR;; Jhjkekusp vki.kkyk mins”k fnyk vls leFkZ jkenkl lkaxrkr- ;k leFkZ jkenklkauh jkeksiklusP;k cGkoj R;kauh d:.kk’Vds] Jheukps “yksd] nklcks/k ;kalkj[;k xzaFkkaph jpuk dsyh- leFkZ jkenklkapk nklcks/k gk Fkksj xzaFkjkt Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks- ;k nklcks/kkph lq:okr R;kauh eaxykpj.kkus dsyh vkgs- ßxazFkk uke nklcks/kÞ Eg.kts nklcks/kke/;s loZ xzaFkkaps lkj vkgs vkf.k ;k nklcks/kkps v/;kfRed dk;Z MkW- Jh- ukuklkgsc fo’.kw /kekZf/kdkjh ;kauh pkyw dsys vkgs- ;k xzaFkke/;s useds dk; vkgs gs R;kauh lkafxrys vkgs-
FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4714
mfn~n”Vs –
1 leFkZ jkenklkuh ygku o;kr dsysY;k ri’p;sZpkÀ?ksrysY;k vuqxzgkpk FkksMD;kr ifjp; d:u ns.ks-
2 leFkZ jkenklkaP;k okMe;kfo’k;h (nklcks/k xzaFk) ekfgrh tk.kwu
?ks.ks-Jh leFkZ jkenkl
egkjk’Vªkps ts Js’B lariapd vkgsr R;kp leFkZ jkenkl dkykuqØekuqlkj v[ksjps- ßtxkP;k dY;k.kk larkaP;k foHkwrhÞ gs laropu izfl/n vkgs- ek= vH;q| vkf.k
fu:Js;l ;k nksgksaphgh izkIrh d:u ns.kk-;k /kekZps ifjikru dsY;kf”kok; ekuoek=kps
dY;k.k gks.kkj ukgh] Eg.kwu /kekZyk tsOgk Xykuh ;srs o v/keZ izcG gksrks rsOgk /kekZps ;FkkFkZ Lo:Ik izdV d:u yksdkauk /kekZpj.kkph izsj.kk ns.;klkBh bZ”ojh vorkj gksrks-
;kpk vFkZ [kGkaph O;adVh lkaMwu R;kaP;ke/;s lRdehZ jrh ok<fo.kk-;k lk/kqlarkaP;k
HkweaMGh vkfoHkkZo gksrk- leFkkZaP;k “kCnkr lkaxk;ps rj ß/keZLFkkiusps ujA rks bZ”ojh vorkjA tkys vkgsr iq<s gks.kkjA ns.ks bZ”ojkpsAA ;k larkaP;k ekafn;kGhe/;s leFkZ jkenkl gs vkiY;k oSf”k’V;iq.kZ O;DrheRokus mBwu fnlrkr- leFkZ jkenklkaizek.ksp lar rqdkjke] ukenso] ,dukFk] Kkus”oj gs ns[khy lar gksÅu xsys- rqdkjke] ukenso] ,dukFk ;kauh iziap d:u ijekFkZ lk/kyk rj Kkus”oj vkf.k leFkZ jkenkl ;kauh iziap u djrk ijekFkZ lk/kyk- rjhns[khy R;kauh dsoG ijekFkhZd f”kdo.k u nsrk iziapgh usVdk dlk vlkok gs f”kdoys- R;kauh ßeq[; rs gfjdFkkfu:i.kÞ P;k tksMhyk ßnqljs rs jktdkj.kA frljs lko/ki.kA loZ fo’k;hA PkkSFkk vR;ar lk{ksiAAÞ ;k lokZauk vkiY;k
laiznk;kr LFkku fnys Eg.ktsp ßfu:Js;kP;kÞ tksMhyk ßvH;wn;kÞ pkgh fopkj egRokpk
ekuwu /kekZps lokZafx.k izcks/ku dsys- ß,slk ikfgts dh jktkA dSi{kh ijekFkhZAÞ ;k Hkwfedso:u jktdkj.kkpkgh fopkj ekaMyk- vLekuh lqyrkuh vkiRrhauh =Lr >kysY;k vkRefoLe`r lektkr Jhje o guqear ;kaP;k :ikr “kDrh ;qDrh vkf.k HkDrh ;kph mikluk :< d:u ßHkokP;k Hk;s dk; Hkhrksl yaMhA /kjh js euk /khj /kkdklh lkaMhAÞ vlk fuHkZ;rspk mins”k dsyk vkf.k jkeP;k nkL;krhy lkeF;Z izdV dsys-
leFkZ jkenkl fdaok jkenklLokeh ;k fofo/k xkSjo iq.kZ ukokauh vksG[kY;k
FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4715 fi<;kr oa”kijaijsus tkac xkop dqyd.khZin- jkenklkps ofMy lq;kZthiar gs R;kaps eqG iq:’k d`’.kkthiar] ;kaP;kiklwu ckfolkos dqVwac izeq[k gksrs- lq;kZthiar gs vfr”k; /keZizo.k lkfRod o`Rrhps dqyd.khZ gksrs- R;kapk laca/k fnol titkI;] Hktuiqtu ;kr TkkbZ- lk;ala/;k mdjY;kl rs vkiy dqy.khZi.kkp dke ikgk;yk tkr ex ek= jk=h mf”kjki;Zar rs dk;ZeXu vlr- i.k ;k lq;kZthiarkauk fookgkuarj cjkp dkG viR; uOgrs- mf”kjk dk gksbZuk R;kauk eqyxk >kyk- Eg.kts fuiqf=d thou R;kaP;k uf”kch uOgra- R;kaP;k iRuhp uko jk.kwckbZ gksr- 1605 yk ;k nkEiR;kyk izFke iq= ykHk >kyk- R;kp uko xaxk/kj izFksizek.ks ikpO;k o’khZ eqat vkf.k lkrO;k o’khZ yXu >kys- R;kuarj R;kauk Eg.kts lq;kZthiarkauk n`’Vkar xaxk/kj tserse fnM o’kkZpk vlrkuk >kyk dh] ,dk lRiq:’kkp fir`Ro rqEgkyk ;Fkkodk”k ykHk.kkj vkgs- R;kauk Jhjkepanzkp n”kZugh LoIUkkr >ky- bZ”ojkph vkrk vkiY;koj Fkksj d`ik gks.kkj] ;k tk.khosus lq;kZthiar eukseuh gj[kwu xsys i.k R;kph okP;rk R;kauh dsyh ukgh-
fo”ks’k Eg.kts “kds 1530 P;k pS= “kq/n uoehyk JhjkeuoehP;k fno”kh nqikjh ckjk oktrk jkenkl Lokehapk tUe >kyk- lq;Zukjk;.k eLrdh vkyk vlrkuk tUeysY;k ;k eqykp ukao lq;kZthiarkauh ukjk;.k Bsoy- R;kaph o`Rrh fopkjkizek.ks d`rh djk;ph v”kh gksrh- R;kuarj R;kaP;k tUekuarj R;kaph lq/nk o;kP;k ikpO;k o’khZ eaqt dsyh-
o;kP;k 13 O;k o’khZ R;kaps yXu dj.;kps Bjys- ijarq ß”kqHkeaxy lko/kkuÞ ph xtZuk djrkp vkbZyk fnysY;k “kCnkizek.ksp rs varjikV /kjsi;aZr Fkkacys- lko/kku gk “kCn ,sdwu R;kauh yXueaMikrwu iyk;u dsys vkf.k FksV vkys rs xksnkdhukjh- v”kh R;kaph tUedgk.kh o tUekuarjph dFkk lkafxryh tkrs-
xksnkfduk-;koj vkY;koj unhfdukjh Le”kkukr ,d izsr tGr gksrs rs
FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4716 ukf”kd gs Jhjke eafnjklkBh izfl/n rsOgk ukf”kd gs R;kap ifgy okLrO;kp LFkG gks;- Jhjkepanzkap n”kZu gksbZi;Zar dBksj ri djk;p gk R;kapk fu”p; i.k rikslk/kuslkBh ukf”kd lkj[k xtctysys fBdk.k R;kauk ;ksX; okVy ukgh- ex R;kauh
ukf”kdtoGhy 2-3 uanhuh unh o xksnkojh unhP;k fe.kZr tkr gksrh vl nksu u|kapk
laxe vlysys LFkG ri”p;sZdjrk ;ksX; o ifo= ekuy tkr gs jkenklkauk Kkr gksr- Eg.kwu R;kauh VkdGhl fuokl dj.;kpk fu”p; dsyk- xkokiklwu nqj i.k laxektoG
vlysY;k ,dk xqaqQsr jkg.;kps Bjoys o Ykxsp nql-;k fnolkiklwu o;kP;k 12-13
o’kkZP;k vlysY;k ukjk;.kku ri”p;sZyk izkjaHk dsyk- rks fnol “kds 1542 pk ek?k
“kq/n lIrehpk gksrk- ukjk;.kku R;kfno”kh 13 dksVh jkeukekpk ladYi dsyk gs ozr 12
o’ksZ v[kaM] JhjkepanzizHkqp n”kZu gksbZi;aZr pkyoy- dqekjo;krwu rk:.;kdMs
>siko.kk-;k R>siko.kk-;k o>siko.kk-;kr ukjk;.kkyk gs loZ lksMwu iqUgk ekrkca/kawdMs tko vl vusdnk okVy] Eg.kwup R;ku ßvpiG eu ek>s ukojs vkojhrkÞ vls mOnsxku EgVy- R;kauk ;k o;kr
ri dj.kkjk dq.khrjh osMk Eg.kwu vusdkauh laHkkouk dsysyh] ,dVsi.kkpk Hk;adj nq:[k
okV;kyk vkysy v”kk osGh j?kquk;dkyk Eg.kts Jhjkepanzkyk cq/nh ns v”kh fouohrs d: ykxy-
ßeu vkojsuk dhA okluk okoMs lnkA
dYiuk /kkors lSjkA cq/nh gs j?kquk;dkAAÞ
eyk ek> eu vkojr ukgh- okluk NGrs] dYiuk lSjkoSjk /kkors ;krwu eqDr gks.;kph cq/nh eyk ns jkepanzk-
v[ksj 12 o’kZ ri”p;sZph >kY;kuarj ,dk,dh R;kaP;k MksG;kleksj y[ky[kkV >kyk- dksVh lq;kZpk izdk”k iljyk- izR;{k izHkqjkepanzkauh ukjk;.kkyk n”kZu fny- R;kaP;k thoukph lQyrk >kyh rilk/kusph lkaxrk >kyk- ekxhy fi<;kauk eqDrrk
ykHkyh- VkdGhyk vkysY;k dksoG;k psg-;kPkk ukjk;.k Bkslj nk<hfe”kkauh Hkjysyk
FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4717 loZ eaMGhauh R;kaP;k yhu gksÅu R;kauk lk’Vkax ueLdkj ?kkryk vkf.k frP;k irhus
R;kauk ßvki.k leFkZ vkgkrÞ vls EgVys- rsOgkiklwu jkenkl leFkZ jkenkl >kys- (ek/ko
dkfuVdj)-
leFkZ jkenklkapk Fkksj xzaFkjkt- nklCkks/k
euk iki ladYi lksMksuh |kokA euk /keZrk furh lksMwu Ukdks gksA leFkkZauh vkiY;k loZp ok³e;krwu ijekFkkZpkp cks/k dsyk ijarq lkekftd o jktdh; okLrorsps Hkku Bsowu ;klkBh R;kaPkk Þnklcks/kÞ xzaFk izfl/n vkgs dkj.k R;kr vusd fo’k;kaps lfoLrj foospu vkgs- nklkus ?ksrysY;k cks/k ;k vFkkZus leFkkZaps loZp ok³e; nklcks/k gks; vkf.k gs ok³e; fofo/k o foiwy vkgs-
leFkZ jkenklkapk ys[ku iziap Qkj eksBk vkgs- nklcks/k ;k xazFkk[ksjht eukps “yksd] d:.kk’Vd] y?kqdkO;] vHkax] vkjR;k] LQqV jpuk bR;knh jpukaph la[;k eksBh
vkgs- 1649 P;k lqekjkl pkQG xkoh JhjkekP;k eafnjkph mHkkj.kh dsyh R;k eafnjkP;k LFkkiusuarj PkkQG xkoP;k f”koFkj?kGhr jkenkl eqDdkekyk xsyssss o frFks R;kauh “kds
1581 ¼b- l- 1649½ e/;s nklcks/k gk xzaFk vkiyk f”k’; dY;k.kLokeh ;kaP;kdMwu fygwu ?ksryk- ek= gk xzaFk iq.kZi.ks Lora=] LokuqHkokoj vk/kkjysyk ijekFkkZph f”kdo.k ns.kkjk vkgs vFkkZr dkght.kkaP;kers nklcks/k gk xzaFk dkgh lyx fyghyk ukgh- R;kP;k jpusrhy foLdGhri.kkeqGs gs vuqeku dk<ys xsys- ijarq gk Fkksj xzaFkjkt vkgs- ;kckcr
erHksn ukgh- 1649 e/;s pkQGP;k jkeeafnjkph LFkkiuk >kyh R;kp o’khZ f”kokth egkjktkauh rksj.kk fdYyk ?ksÅu LojkT;kPk rksj.k cka/ky- rsOgk jkeuoeh mRlokyk f”kokth egkjkt vkys rsOgk frFks nks?kkaph xkB iMyh vkf.k jkenklkap f”k’;Ro iRdjko] R;kauk lkgk¸; djko v”kh izsj.kk f”kokth egkjktkauk >kyh- R;kaP;k bPNsizek.ks jkenklkauh R;kauk vuqxzg fnyk rsOgk jkenklkaP;k HksVhyk f”kokth egkjkt ;kaP;k HksVhyk ;sÅu xsY;koj R;kauh R;kaP;k >ksGhr ,d fpðh Vkdyh R;kr R;kauh fyfgys ßgs jkT; vki.kkl viZ.k dsy vkgsÞ rh fpðh okpY;kuarj glwu f”kokth egkjktkauk glr rs Eg.kkys] ßvkep Eg.kwu gs jkT; rqEgh pkyoko-Þ
FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4718 ßHkxon~opuh vfo”oklsA ,slk dks.k ifrr vlsA
Hkxon~okD;kfojghr ulsA cksy.ks ;sFkhpsAA1A1A21AA
Hkxon~xhrsyk Hkxon~okD; Eg.krkr- nklcks/k gs Hkxon~xhrspsp eqDr Hkk’; vkgs- ;krhy nqljk n”kd Eg.kts t.kw Hkxon~xhrsrhy lksGkO;k v/;k;kps Lora= fooj.k vkgs-
nSoh laiRrh vkf.k vklwjh laiRrh ;kaps foospu ;k nql-;k n”kdkr leFkkZauh dsys vkgs-
nql-;k n”kdkrhy ngk leklkaiSdh iq<hy ikp lekl nSoh laiRrhps vkgs-
1.mRre y{k.k 2- HkDrhfu:i.k 3- lRoxq.ky{k.k 4- ln~fo|k fu:i.k 5- fojDr y{k.k rj iq<hy ikp lekl vklwjh laiRrhps vkgsr-
1.eq[kZ y{k.k 2- dqfo|k y{k.k 3- jtksxq.ky{k.k 4-reksxq.k y{k.k 5- i<req[kZ y{k.k- Hkxn~rxhrsrhy fuoMd nSoh xq.kkapk o jk{klh nks’kkapk fopkj vkgs- rj leFkkZaps eu
i`Fk:dj.kkRed ok fo”ys’k.kkRed vlY;kus Hkjiwj ri”khy ns.ks ok ilkjk ekaM.ks gh
R;kaph [kkl ys[ku”kSyh vkgs Eg.kwu ;k n”kdkr v”kk xq.knks’kkaph ppkZ leFkZ djrkr- ÞfØ;k ikyVs rRdkGß gh nklcks/kkph QyJ`rh leFkkZauh vkjaHkhp lkafxryh vkgs- Þvoxq.k lksMhrk tkrhA mRrexq.k vH;klhrk ;srhA dqfo|k lkaMwfu f”kdrkA ”kgk.ks
fo|kAß gs nklcks/kkps iz/kkulq= vkgs- iz;RukP;k lgk¸;kus ek.kwl Lor:P;k thoukr gok
rlk cny ?kMowu vk.kw ”kdrks- nqljk n”kd gk ek.klkP;k vk/;kfRed thoukpk ik;k vkgs rh ijekfFkZd thoukph iqoZ r;kjh vkgs- v/;kRe gh fnl.;kph ckc uOgs] rh vl.;kph xks’V vkgs- ijekFkZ gh o`Rrh Ogkoh ykxrs Eg.kwu leFkkZauh vkiY;k RkRoKkukyk izkjaHk dj.;kiqohZ y{k.kkapk n”kd fyfgyk vkgs- vkReifj{k.kklkBh gk n”kd Qkj egRokpk vkgs- vkReifj{k.k] vkReifjorZu] vkRefuosnu gs rhu VIis nklcks/kkr fnysys vkgsr- vkReifj{k.k Eg.kts eh usedk dlk vkgs- vkReifjorZu Eg.kts nks’kkapk R;kx dj.ks vkf.k xq.kkaph o`/nh visf{kr vlrs ;kps i;Zolu vkRefuosnu ;kr gks.kkj vkgs-
FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4719 eukP;k rksMwu oks<hA Jo.kh cSlkos vkoMhAA
lko/ki.ks ?kMhus ?kMhA dkGlkFkZd djkokAA nq”phr cSlykph fnlsA ifj rks vlrph ulsAA papy pØh iMhys vlsA ekul r;kpsAA
Eg.kts eukph ,dkxzrk ok<ok;ph vlsy rj HkVd.kk-;k eukyk vkoj ?kkykok]
osG ok;k tkÅ nsÅ u;s vkf.k fu’BkiqoZd] eu:iqoZd Jo.kklkBh cSBd djkoh- T;k
xzaFkkps vki.k Jo.k djrks R;kpk vFkZ uhV letkowu ?;kok- eu HkjdVys rj ijr ,dkxz djkos-
leFkZ jkenklkauh nklcks/k ;k xzaFkkps ys[ku Qkj eksB;k izek.kkr foLrkfjr dsys
vkgs- nklcks/k ;k xzaFkkpk O;kid vlk vFkZ vkgs- Jh leFkkZauh ;k laiq.kZ xzaFkkph
ekaM.kh-tM.k-?kM.k eq[;r: Jo.kkP;k HkDde ik;koj dsyh vkgs- Eg.kwu Jo.k Eg.kts dk; gs
letkowu ?;k;yk ikfgts QDr ,sd.ks Eg.kts Jo.ks UkOgs- ex ts dsY;kus euq’;kP;k
varjaxkr cny gksrks] fØ;sr ikyV gksrks] HkDrh-fojDrh-izfprh izkIr gksrs] ifrrkyk ikou
gks.;kps lkeF;Z T;krwu izkIr gksrs rsp Jo.kA Eg.kwup-
ÞJo.kk ,sls lkj ukghA Jo.kk ijrs lk/ku ukghAA Jo.k euukpk m/kkjA fut?;kls lk{kkRdkjA
jksdMk eks{kkpk m/kkjA cksyksph u;sAAÞ
leFkZ jkenkl o R;kapk Fkksj xzaFkjkt nklcks/k gk ’kks/kfuca/kklkBh fo”k; ?ksryk vkgs- R;kpk vH;kl dsY;koj vls fnlwu vkys dh] R;kauh leFkZ laiznk;kph LFkkiuk dsyh- R;kauh lektkrhy rGkxkGkrhy yksdkai;Zar R;kaps rRoKku lkax.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- R;kauh vkiY;k RkRoKkukpk izpkj o izlkj laiq.kZ egkjk”VªkHkj dsyk o lektkrhy rGkxkGkrhy yksdkae/;s tutkx`rh dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- vKku] :<h] ijaijk nqj dj.;kps R;kauh iz;Ru dsys-
ÞJo.kk Hktukpk vkjaHkA Jo.k LkohZ lokZjaHkAß Eg.kts Jo.k gkp ijekFkkZpk izk.k vkgs- ijekFkkZrwu tj Jo.k otk dsys rj ckdh ”kqU; jkghy- i.k rksp Jo.kkr vkyk rj
ÞJo.ks gks; mRre xrhA Jo.ks vkrqMs ”kkarhA Jo.ks ikfots fuo`RrhA vpGinAA
FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 www.srjis.com Page 4720
leFkZ jkenklkauh nklcks/k gk xzaFk f’koFkj?kGhr vkiY;k f’k”;kdMwu fygwu ?ksryk gk xzaFk iqOkhZ
21 leklh gksrk- i.k vkrk rks xzaFk 20 n’kdkr ikgk;yk feGrks- nklcks/kkr 20 *n’kd vkf.k nksu’ks lekl vkgsr- ;k izR;sd leklkr ekuokus dls okxkos] HkDrh d’kh djkoh] ijekFkZ djr vlrkuk lalkj iziap dlk djkok vkf.k lalkj iziap d:u ijekFkZ dlk lk/kkok gs R;kauh ;k xzaFkkr lkafxrys- vk/kh iziap djkok usVdkA ex ?;kos ijekFkZ foosdkAA
nklcks/kkP;k ifgY;k n”kdkrhy ifgY;k leklkr nklcks/kkP;k xzaFkkP;k Jo.kkph QyJ`rh fnysyh vkgs- Eg.kwup R;kauh
ßt;kpk HkkokFkZ tSlkA r;klykHk rSlkAÞ vls R;kauh lkafxrys vkgs T;kP;k R;kP;k Hkkousus R;kyk QG feGrs-
saMdBa- ga`Mqa
1´ maaQava kainaTkr dOnaMidna dasabaaoQa
P`akaSak - maaQava kainaTkr 1691 sadaiSava poz¸,puNao 411030.
AavaR%tI pihlaI ivajayaadSamaI 1921 ³19 Aa^@Taobar 1991´ AavaR%tI dusarI 1 jaulaO 2001
AavaR%tI itsarI 1 jaUna 2004
2´sauinala icaMcaaolakr dasabaaoQaacao maanasaSaasHa P`akaSak -idlaIp mahajana
maaoryaa p`kaSana¸6¸idvyakuMja saudSa-nanagar ¸ Aar 10 ema.Aaya.DI.saI.DaoMibavalaI ³pUva-´ 421 203.
AavaR%tI pihlaI naaovhoMbar 1993 AavaR%tI AazvaI mao 2010 3´baaorkr ASaaok ]f- EaIkRYNa ivaVaQar manaa sajjanaa
