Pumps 1. Subject : Basic Mechanical Engineering Topic : Pumps Prepared by : Mehul Prof. Mehul Chhowala

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Basic of Mechanical Engineering (3110006) Prof. Mehul Chhowala

Subject

: Basic Mechanical Engineering

Topic

: Pumps

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Content

• Introduction

• Classification of Pumps

• Terminology for Pumps

• Reciprocating Pump

• Single Acting Reciprocating Pump

• Double Acting Reciprocating Pump

• Bucket Pump, Plunger Pump

• Rotary Pumps : Vane pump, Gear Pump, Screw Pump

• Centrifugal Pump

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What is Pump?

Pump is a mechanical device to increase the

pressure energy of a liquid.

It can be defined as a hydraulic machines which

converts mechanical energy to hydraulic energy.

It is a power absorbing or work consuming device.

Work has to be done by a prime-mover on the

pump to enable it to impart energy to the fluid.

A pump is used for raising fluids from a lower to a

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Application of Pump

To feed water into the boiler

To circulate the water in condenser

To circulate lubricating oil in the proper place

To lift water from deep well

To convey water from one place to another

To convey liquid chemical from one place to another

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Terminology for Pumps

• Head

• Suction Head

• Delivery Head

• Velocity Head

• Static Head

• Manometric Head

• Water Power

• Shaft Power

• Efficiency of pump

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Centrifugal Pump

If mechanical energy is converted into pressure

energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the

fluid, for conveying liquids from one place to other

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Main Components of

Centrifugal Pump

Impeller

It is a wheel or rotor which is provided with a series of backward curved blades It is mounded on the shaft which is coupled to an external source of energy which imparts the liquid energy to the impeller there by making it to rotate.

Casing

It is an airtight passage surrounding the impeller

The kinetic energy of the liquid discharged at the outlet of impeller is converted into pressure energy before the delivery pipe

Foot valve

It is a non-return valve or one way type valve. It is fitted at the lower end of suction pipe.

Essential for all types of roto-dynamic pumps.

It helps in allow the liquid to enter into pump in upward direction only and does not allow the liquid to flow downwards.

Strainer

It protect pump against material which passes through the pump. The strainer is essential for all types of pumps.

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Classification of Centrifugal Pump

According to type of casing

Volute or spiral casing type

pump

Vortex or whirlpool

chamber type pump

Diffuser type

(casing with guide blades)

pump

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Classification of Centrifugal Pump

According to type of Impeller

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Classification of Centrifugal Pump

According to number of Stages

Single stage

Multi-stage

Impeller in

series

Impeller in

parallel

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Priming of Centrifugal Pump

• The priming is an operation of filling passage ways (suction pipe, casing and delivery pipe upto

delivery valve) from outside source with liquid to be raised before starting the pump.

• Method of priming:

1. Manually

2. Priming with vacuum pump

3. Priming with jet pump

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Practical application of different pumps

Types of pump

Application where it is recommended

Piston Pump

For low head and more discharge

Plunger Pump

_{For high head and less discharge and for denser liquids}

Bucket Pump

_{For low head and suitable}

_{for manual}

operation

Centrifugal Pump

_{For continuous flow, high discharge and low head}

Multi stage Centrifugal (Series)

For high head

Multi stage Centrifugal

(Parallel)

High discharge

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