UNIT 2: HOMEOSTASIS AND IMMUNITY

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UNIT 2: HOMEOSTASIS AND IMMUNITY

Living Environment, created by Ms. Fazio

Altered by Mrs. Perun

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TOPICS TO BE COVERED

 Levels of Organization

 Characteristics of Life/Life Processes

 Body Systems

 Positive and Negative Feedback

 Homeostasis

 Disease

 Pathogens

 Immune Response

 AIDS Education

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LESSON 1 – LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

 Learning Objective: Explain how life can be studied at different levels by describing the

relationship of the levels of organization through a graphic organizer.

 Standard:4-1.2

 DO NOW: Use the glossary in your review book to define the following terms.

 Cell:

 Tissue:

 Organ:

 Organ System:

 Organism:

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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

 We can study living things at different levels,

whereas smaller levels are found within larger levels.

 Group Activity:

 Based on the definitions of terms you determined in the DO NOW, show the relationship between the smaller levels and larger levels using a graphic organizer. Create this graphic organizer first in your notes before copying to your easels.

 Example:



A tissue is a collection of cells that carry out the same function (or job). Therefore the level of cells is smaller than the level of tissues.

Cell

Tissue

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 The diagram below represents levels of organization in living things.

Which term would best represent X?

A. Human

B. Tissue

C. Stomach

D. Organelle

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LESSON 2 – CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

 Learning Objective: Describe some characteristics of living things using one sentence summaries.

 Standards: 4-1.2

 DO NOW: Use the glossary in your review book to define the following terms.

 Sexual reproduction:

 Asexual reproduction:

 Metabolism:

 Stimulus:

 Homeostasis:

 Evolution:

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

 All living things have certain common

characteristics. HOW living things can carry out these characteristics may differ from

organism to organism.

 Group Activity:

 Use Chapter 1-3 to summarize the eight common

characteristics of life into 1 sentence summaries

each.

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HOW CAN WE REMEMBER THESE CHARACTERISTICS?

 Let’s make a mnemonic!

 Cell

 Reproduce

 Genetic

 Growth

 Metabolism



Obtain nutrients, Digestion, Cellular Respiration, Excrete

 Homeostasis

 Respond to stimuli

 Evolve

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LESSON 3 – BODY SYSTEMS

 Learning Objective: Define the function of the

human body systems and how they interact with each other to maintain homeostasis.

 Standards: 4-1.2

 Homework

 QUIZ on Friday – Body Systems (What is the major function(s) of each body system?)

 DO NOW:

 Define the following vocabulary terms using the glossary in your review book:



Digestion



Respiration



Circulation



Excretion



Immunity

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MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS

 Muscular System

 Skeletal System

 Circulatory System

 Respiratory System

 Nervous System

 Digestive System

 Excretory System

 Endocrine System

 Reproductive System

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Heart

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Heart

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Spinal Cord

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A – Liver B – Stomach C - Spleen

A

B

C

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Kidney

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

 Group Activity:

 Your group will be assigned 1-2 organ system(s) to research. Use the textbook and review book to define the major function(s) of the body

system as well as major organs of that organ system.

 We will jigsaw after small group work, so it is imperative that all group members act as

recorders today!!!

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LESSON 4 – LIFE PROCESSES IN UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS

 Learning Objective: Explain how unicellular organisms carry out life processes by

comparing how these processes are carried out by multicellular organisms.

 Standards: 4-1.2

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DO NOW

 Define the following terms using the glossary in the review book.

 Unicellular

 Multicellular

 Copy the following table into your notebook:

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MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

 What organ system(s) would muticellular organisms use to carry out these life

functions?

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UNICELLULAR ORGANISM

 What cell organelle(s) or cell part(s) would a

unicellular organisms use to carry out these

left functions?

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LESSON 7 – FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

 Learning Objective: Describe how organisms respond to stimuli to maintain homeostasis.

 DO NOW: Define the following terms using the glossary in your review book:

 Dynamic Equilibrium

 Negative Feedback

 Positive Feedback

 Insulin

 Guard Cells

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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK EXAMPLE –

BODY TEMPERATURE

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DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

 Our bodies are constantly responding and adjusting to external and internal stimuli, causes small changes in our body

temperature, blood sugar level, etc. We refer to these small changes as dynamic

equilibrium. It is because of these small

changes that we maintain homeostasis

(balance).

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POSITIVE FEEDBACK - CHILDBIRTH

Positive Feedback

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LESSON 8 - PATHOGENS

 Learning Objective: Discuss types of organisms that can disrupt homeostasis and cause disease.

 Standards:

 Homework: Research one example of a pathogen discussed in class today and write a 5-sentence summary about the disease caused by that

pathogen.

 DO NOW: Define the following terms using the glossary in the review book:

 Disease

 Pathogen

 Microbe

 Infection

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BACTERIA

Staphylococcus aureus

Syphilis

Streptococcu

s

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VIRUS

Influenza

HIV

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FUNGI

Athlete’s Foot

Ringworm

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PARASITE/PROTOZOAN

Tapeworm Malaria

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GROUP ACTIVITY

 Write a brief (1-2 sentence max) description about the pathogen assigned to your group.

Use the textbook and review book to help you!

 Group 1 – Bacteria

 Group 2 – Virus

 Group 3 – Fungi

 Group 4 – Protozoan

 Group 5 – Parasite

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TREATMENT

 How do we treat these diseases?

 Bacteria – Antibiotics

 Virus – Vaccine

 Fungi – Antifungi medication

 Protozoan – Antiprotozoan medication

 Parasite – Antiparasite medication

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LESSON 9 - DISEASE

 Learning Objective: Discuss causes that result in failure of homeostasis.

 Standards:

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CAUSES OF DISEASES

 Inherited Disorders

 Exposure to Toxins (Poisons)

 Poor Nutrition

 Organ Malfunction

 High-Risk Behaviors

 Pathogens (previously discussed)

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GROUP ACTIVITY

 Characterize this cause of disease in 1-2 sentences. Give at least one example of a disease that could result from this cause.

 Group 1 – Inherited Disorder

 Group 2 - Exposure to Toxins

 Group 3 - Poor Nutrition

 Group 4 - Organ Malfunction

 Group 5 - High Risk Behavior

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EXAMPLES OF DISEASES



Inherited Disorders



Cystic Fibrosis



Sickle-Cell Anemia



Down’s Syndrome



Exposure to Toxins (Poisons)



Alcohol



Nicotine



Lead



Poor Nutrition



Anemia



Scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency)



Organ Malfunction



Kidney Failure



Heart Attack



Diabetes



High-Risk Behaviors



Lung Cancer



Skin Cancer



AIDS



Heart Attack



Pathogens (previously discussed)

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LESSON 10 – IMMUNE RESPONSE

 Learning Objective: Describe how the

immune system responds to pathogens so as to fight disease.

 Standards:

 DO NOW: Define the following terms using the glossary in the review book:

 Antigen

 Antibody

 Allergy

 HIV

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THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

*Antigen = ID card

Cytotoxic T Cells = Killer T Cells

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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIBODIES?

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