ThePropertiesofMatter.ppt

The Properties of Matter

Objectives

• SWBAT describe the two properties of all

matter

• SWBAT identify the units used to measure

volume and mass

• SWBAT compare mass and weight

What is Matter?

Ruler Graduated

Cylinder

Tools

Section 1

* Space Case – Lab * Volumania –Lab * Quiz

Matter –

anything that has mass and takes up space.

Volume –

a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional

space.

Meniscus –

the curve at a liquid’s surface by which one measures the

volume of the liquid.

Math Break – Finding Volume

1) A book has a length of 25 cm, a width of 18 cm,

and a height of 4 cm. What is its volume?

Answer: 1,800 cm

2)

What is the volume of a suitcase that has a length of

95 cm, a width of 50 cm, and a height of 20 cm?

Answer: 95,000 cm

, or 0.095m

3) A CD case is 14.2 cm long, 12.4 cm wide, and 1 cm

deep. What is its volume?

Answer: 176.08 cm

Notes

Space Case – Quick Lab

1) Crumple a piece of paper. Fit it tightly in the bottom of

a clear plastic cup so that it won’t fall out.

2) Turn the cup upside down. Lower the cup straight

down into a bucket half-filled with water. Be sure that

the cup is completely underwater.

3) Lift the cup straight out of the water. Turn the cup

upright, and observe the paper. Record your

observations.

4) Use the point of a pencil to punch a small hole in the

bottom of the cup. Repeat steps 2 and 3.

5) How do the results show that air has volume? Explain

your answer.

Lab

Difference between Mass & Weight

•

Mass

– Measure of the amount

of matter in an object

– Always constant for an

object no matter where

the object is located in

the universe.

– Measured by using a

balance

– Expressed in kilograms

(kg), grams (g), and

milligrams (mg)

•

Weight

– Measure of the

gravitational force on an

object.

– Varies depending on

where the object is in

relation to the Earth (or

any large body in the

universe)

– Measured by using a

spring scale.

– Expressed in newtons.

Mass –

a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Weight –

a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its

value can change with the location of the object in the universe.

Notes

Volumania – Assessment Lab

1) Part one… you will need a graduated

cylinder.

2) Part two… you will need the bottom half

of a plastic bottle

3) Be sure to use complete sentences.

Points will be taken off for incomplete

sentences.

Lab

Objectives

• SWBAT identify six examples of physical

properties of matter

• SWBAT describe how density is used to

identify substances

• SWBAT list six examples of physical

changes

• SWBAT explain what happens to matter

during a physical change

Physical Properties

Section 2 * Density wkst * Density Lab * Quiz

Notes

Physical Properties: Help us to Identify Objects

Density

Physical Property –

a characteristic of a substance that does not

involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness.

What do we look for?

Color Shape

Texture State

ex: solid, liquid, gas

Density

Density –

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the

substance.

Notes

Liquids Solids

Can form in layers due to difference

density. _{1 kg}

Feathers 1 kg Lead Which would

you rather carry?

Density

determines if an object will sink

Math Break – Calculating Density

Find the density of a substance that has a

mass of 45 kg and a volume of 43 m

. (Hint:

Make sure your answer’s units are units of

density.)

Answer: D=m/V, so D= 45kg/43m

,

1.05 kg/m

Density Formula: D= m/V

Mass Formula: m= D x V

Volume Formula: V = m/D

Notes

Math Break – continued

Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g. What is

the ball’s volume? (Hint: Use the table below)

Answer: V=m/D, so V=454g/11.35g/cm

,

40 cm

Table 1 Densities of Common Substances

Substance

Density (g/cm

Substance

Density (g/cm

Helium (gas)

0.0001663

Zinc (solid)

7.13

Oxygen (gas)

0.001331

Silver (solid)

10.50

Water (liquid)

1.00

Lead (solid)

11.35

Pyrite (solid)

5.02

Mercury (liquid)

13.55

Notes

Math Break – continued

What is the mass of a 15 mL sample of mercury?

Answer: m=D x V, so m=13.55 g/mL x 15 mL,

203 g

Table 1 Densities of Common Substances

Substance

Density (g/cm

Substance

Density (g/cm

Helium (gas)

0.0001663

Zinc (solid)

7.13

Oxygen (gas)

0.001331

Silver (solid)

10.50

Water (liquid)

1.00

Lead (solid)

11.35

Pyrite (solid)

5.02

Mercury (liquid)

13.55

Notes

Physical Change

Physical Change –

a change of matter from one form to another

without a change in chemical properties.

Notes

Examples

Water:

steam, liquid, ice

Wood:

sanding, cutting, carving

Salt:

salt crystals, dissolved salt

Soil:

Objectives

• SWBAT describe two examples of

chemical properties

• SWBAT explain what happens during a

chemical change

• SWBAT distinguish between physical and

chemical changes.

Notes Section 3

* Pancake Demonstration

* 2 wksts over Physical & Chemical Properties & Changes *Quiz

* White Before Your Eyes Lab *Test

Chemical Property –

a property of matter that describes a

substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions.

Chemical Properties

Examples Characteristic

Properties

Flammability or

Nonflammability Reactivity

The ability of a substance to burn

or not burn.

The ability of 2 or more substances to combine & form 1 or more substances

Used to Identify a substance

Physical Properties

Chemical Properties

Comparing Physical and Chemical

Properties

Physical Properties

•

Can be observed with out

changing the object.

•

You can find the density.

•

You can find the volume.

•

You can find the hardness.

•

You can identify the color.

Chemical Properties

•

Can only be observed when an

object undergoes a change.

•

Wood burns and changes

into smoke and ash.

•

Iron reacts with oxygen to

form rust.

•

Can be difficult to observe.

•

A substance always has

chemical properties

Notes

Chemical Change

Chemical Change –

a change that occurs when one or more substances

change into entirely new substances with different properties.

Notes

Examples

Soured Milk:

Milk that has gone bad. Chemical Properties

tell us which

chemical change

will occur.

Chemical Change is the process of substances changing into new substances.

Copper (orange-brown) changing to green

How do you know a chemical

change has occurred?

Signs to look for: Did the properties

of the substance change? Yes – a chemical

change happened.

Change in color

odor

Production of heat Fizzing and

Foaming Giving off

sound light

Chemical Changes are difficult to reverse or undo.

Sometimes they can be reversed or undone by another chemical change.

Notes

Demonstration of Chemical Change

*Pancakes*

* List all the signs of chemical change that

you can observe.

* Explain the difference between physical

change and chemical change from what

you observed in this demonstration.

Lab

Physical Change Vs. Chemical Change

• Physical Change

– Does not change the

composition of a substance

– Many physical changes

can be easily reversed.

• Example: Water changing from

liquid to ice and then back to

liquid.

• Chemical Change

– Changes the composition

of a substance

– Most chemical changes are

not easily reversed

• Example: Fireworks exploding

– almost impossible to reverse

even if you were able to collect

all the materials from the

explosion.

Composition –

the type of matter that makes up the object and the

way that the matter is arranged in the object.

Notes

White Before Your Eyes

Lab

Objectives:

1) Describe the physical properties of four

substances.

2) Identify physical and chemical changes.

3) Classify four substances by their

chemical properties.

Lab – Test