Ponomarova Ɉ. A. Gender Aspect of People’s Names with Respect to Their Occupation Functioning in Ukrainian, English and German Phraseology.
The article deals with the meaning, structure and national-cultural peculiarities of Ukrainian, English and German phraseological units with components denoting people according to their occupation viewed through the prism of gender problems. In particular, the role of gender connotations of professional names in motivating phrase meaning has been studied. Besides, the author traces gender division of labour and gender ties of relationship and analyses gender pairs of occupational names as to the identity or differences in phrase meaning when used as components of idioms, thus reflecting gender stereotypes. As a result, it is claimed that gender relevance is expressed by uneven presentation of both sexes within phraseology with the preference for a male over a female person. Phraseology is conservative, that is why there are almost no names of modern women`s professions within it and the functional division of roles in the family and society tends to that one which existed in ancient times. As the material shows, representatives of male and female sexes have both positive and negative estimating associations in the inner phraseological context.
Keywords: phraseological unit, naming people according to their occupation, professions, gender, gender approach, connotative meaning.
ɍȾɄ 811.512.19:343.138"15/16"
ɊɭɫɬɟɦɨɜɈ. Ⱦ. Ⱥɪɞɚɯɚɧɫɤɢɣɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ,
ɌɭɪɟɰɤɚɹɊɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ
Ⱦ
ȾɂɂȺȺɅɅȿȿɄɄɌɌɇɇɕɕȿȿɈɈɋɋɈɈȻȻȿȿɇɇɇɇɈɈɋɋɌɌɂɂəəɁɁɕɕɄɄȺȺ Ʉ
ɄɊɊɕɕɆɆɋɋɄɄɂɂɏɏɋɋɍɍȾȾȿȿȻȻɇɇɕɕɏɏɊɊȿȿȿȿɋɋɌɌɊɊɈɈȼȼXXVVII––XXVVIIIIȼȼȼȼ..
Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɢɟ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɵ ɯɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ,
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɚɜɧɨ. ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ
ɭɠɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ XIX ɜɟɤɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɥ, ɨɛ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɨɫɨɜɫɟɦɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ. ɋɬɨɱɤɢɠɟɡɪɟɧɢɹɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɨɧɢ
ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɺ ɦɚɥɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ. ɉɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ, ɹɡɵɤ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɬɚɤɠɟɧɟɦɚɥɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɧɚɪɟɱɢɣ. ȼɫɺɷɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɹɡɵɤɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɫɢɞɠɢɥɟɣɤɚɤɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ, ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ, ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ,
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɟɤɧɢɝɢ.
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɟɦɟ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɨɜ
ɷɩɨɯɢ Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɏɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɢɯ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ [3; 4; 7; 9; 12], ɰɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɱɺɧɚɹ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ. ȼ ɱɢɫɥɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɜɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɧɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɨɧɢɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ.
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɦɚɥɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɫɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɞɚɧɧɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ
ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɬɚɬɚɪ ɩɨ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɡɚɞɚɱɚɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɬɚɬɚɪ ɧɚ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɷɬɚɩɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɫɚɦ ɩɨɫɟɛɟɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɦ ɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ȿɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɪɟɱɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ; ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɨɧɨɦɚɫɬɢɤɢ, ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɣ ɬɢɬɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɧɟɬ, ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɟɪɜɟɫɚɢɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣɢɬ. ɩ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɨɜ XVII–XVIII ɜɜ. ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɣ
(ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚ, ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɢɤɟɦ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯɷɬɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ.
Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ Ʉɪɵɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ Ⱦɟɲɬ- ɢ
Ʉɵɩɱɚɤɚ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹɫɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ XIII-ɝɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɤɁɨɥɨɬɨɣɈɪɞɟ, ɛɵɥɚ
ɩɨɥɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɤɭɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ XII–
XIII ɜɜ. – ‘Codex Cumanicus’. ȼ XV ɜ. ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɨɜ
ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɚ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ Ʉɪɵɦɚ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ȼ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɡɚɧɹɥ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ
ɦɟɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɯɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɧɰɟɥɹɪɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ,
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɢɩɢɫɚɬɶɧɚɫɢɥɶɧɨɤɵɩɱɚɤɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɁɨɥɨɬɨɨɪɞɵɧɫɤɨɦɌɸɪɤɢ.
ɋɭɞɵ ɠɟ Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɏɚɧɫɬɜɚɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ Ɉɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ
ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ – ɒɚɪɢɚɬɟ, ɡɚɦɟɧɢɜɲɢɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɹɡɵɤ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɞɠɢɥɟɣ
ɚɩɪɢɨɪɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥ Ȼɟɤɢɪ
ɑɨɛɚɧ-ɡɚɞɟ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ [7, ɫ. 15].
ɗɬɨɬ ɬɟɡɢɫ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɏɚɥɢɥɶ ɂɧɚɥɶɞɠɢɤ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɩɢɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ ɜ ɫɢɦɮɟɪɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɚɪɯɢɜɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɵɜɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭɢɦɟɧɢɂ. Ƚɚɫɩɪɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ [9, ɫ. 165].
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɠɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ, ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ
ɬɟɦɵ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɹ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡ Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɨɟ ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɨɧɨɦ
ɉɨɪɬɵ, ɬɨ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ – ɫɭɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ,
ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɥɨɜɟɫɬɢɫɶɧɚɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɦ, ɬɨɟɫɬɶɨɛɳɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɹɵɤɟ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɞɠɢɥɟɣ ɞɚɺɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶ
ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ. ȼ ɟɝɨ
ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɞɜɚɭɪɨɜɧɹ:
1) ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟɫɥɨɜɚɢɡɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɝɪɭɩɩ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɦɵɞɚɞɢɦɧɢɠɟ;
2) ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ,
ɩɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɪɟɞɤɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɦɟɪɵɜɟɫɚ, ɡɜɚɧɢɹ, ɷɩɢɬɟɬɵɢɩɪ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ, ɤɭɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯɢɫɤɨɜ,
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɜɚɧɢɣ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɛɪɚɱɧɵɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ, ɬɢɩɵ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ,
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɪɚɛɨɹɡɵɱɧɚɹ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɢɡɚɮɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɯ, ɨ ɱɺɦ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ
ɫɨɨɛɳɚɥɢ [5, ɫ. 132]. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɘ. ɇɟɦɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ
ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɚ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɩɨɯɭ – XV–XVIII ɜɜ. – ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɚɹ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɰɢɢ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɝɨ, ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɝɞɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ,
ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɞɢɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ [6, ɫ. 17], ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɤ ɩɪɢɞɜɨɪɧɵɦ
ɤɪɭɝɚɦ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɣ ɫɭɥɬɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɯɚɧɨɜ,
ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɨɝɨɫɥɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ
ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɚɪɚɛɢɡɦɚɦɢ, ɷɬɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɫɹ
fasih Türkçe ɨɬ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ: [ϴμϓ ] – ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ, ɯɨɬɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥɨ. ɗɬɨɬ ɹɡɵɤɛɵɥɭɞɟɥɨɦ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɟ ɡɧɚɜɲɢɯ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨɡɧɚɬɶɢɭɱɺɧɵɟɥɸɞɢ. ɑɟɦɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɛɵɥɨɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ, ɬɟɦɛɨɥɟɟɢɡɹɳɧɵɦ
ɢɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɦɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɣ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɛɵɥ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɫɹ [orta Türkçe] – ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ
ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɣ.
ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɲɟɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɢɢ ɢ
Ɋɭɦɟɥɢɢ, ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɧɚɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟ –[kaba Türkçe], ɬ. ɟ. ɝɪɭɛɵɣ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɣ,
ɩɪɟɡɢɪɚɟɦɵɣɜ ɩɪɢɞɜɨɪɧɵɯɢ ɭɱɺɧɵɯ ɤɪɭɝɚɯ, ɧɨ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɛɵɥɨɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɢɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯɫɥɨɜ.
ɗɬɨ ɪɚɫɫɥɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɢɢ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɯ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɫ ɬɨɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɤɚɛɚ ɬɸɪɤɱɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɹ ɢ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɵ.
ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɹɡɵɤ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ
ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ. əɪɥɵɤɢɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɯɫɭɥɬɚɧɨɜɢɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɯɚɧɨɜɱɚɫɬɨɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɦ
ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ “ɮɚɫɢɯ”. Ɍɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜ
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɦɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨ, ɹɪɥɵɤɢɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɹɡɵɤɨɦ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɦɤɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ.
ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ – ɞɚɧɶ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɤɨɜ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɵ ɞɟɥ ɲɚɪɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɜɟɥɢɫɶ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨ-ɚɪɚɛɫɤɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɩɢɫɨɤ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ (ɨɪɬɚ) ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɚɪɚɛɢɡɦɨɜ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɢ
ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ. Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ
ɛɵɥɚɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɣ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɚɤɢɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟɪɚɫɩɢɫɤɢɢɡɚɩɢɫɢɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ:
1. Merhum el-öaziniĖ (̮ϨϳίΎϏϝ) azbarÕnÕĖ taqtasÕ (̶δΘϘΗ) beú yüz yigirmi, elli direk ve
seksen quúaq ÖmeriĖ evinde emanet’e vaz’ olundÕ. Sufi bin Togay / Tukay (̵Ύ̰Η) Elhac.
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ (ɧɚɲ – Ɉ. Ɋ.): Ⱦɨɫɤɢ ɫɨ ɞɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɗɥɶ Ƚɚɡɢ (ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ)
ɩɹɬɶɫɨɬ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ, ɩɹɬɶɞɟɫɹɬɛɪɟɜɟɧ ɢ ɜɨɫɶɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɢɫɬɪɭɝɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɨɤ (ɤɴɭɲɚɤɴ) –
ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ (ɷɦɚɧɟɬ) ɜ ɞɨɦɟ Ɉɦɟɪɚ. ɋɭɮɢ ɛ. Ɍɨɝɚɣ / Ɍɭɤɚɣ
ɗɥɶɯɚɞɠ.[ɄɪɵɦɫɤɢɟɄɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɟɄɧɢɝɢ (ɄɄɄ) Ɍ. 1, ɋ. 1-Ⱥ, Ɍɟɤɫɬʋ 3.]
Ⱥɪɚɛɢɡɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ: merhum – ɩɪɨɳɺɧɧɵɣ, ɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɭ
ɨɤɚɡɚɧɚɦɢɥɨɫɬɶ (Ⱥɥɥɚɯɚ), ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɨ ɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɦ; emanet – ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɚ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ (ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ). Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ: el-öazi, Ömer, Sufi bin Tukay (̵Ύ̰Η) Elhac. ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɢɦɹ [Ɍɭɤɚɣ] – ɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɟ.
Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɚɹ. ɋɥɨɜɨ ɠɟ azbar (ɚɡɛɚɪ – ɞɜɨɪ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɞɨɦɨɦ, ɯɥɟɜ) ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɸɅɚɡɚɪɹ Ȼɭɞɚɝɨɜɚ [2, ɬ. 1, ɫ. 36], ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟɩɨ ɢɧɵɦɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ
ɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɬɭɪɤɢ ɟɝɨ
ɧɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɥɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɝɪɟɰɢɡɦɨɦ – avlu, ɜ Ʉɪɵɦɭ ɠɟ ɚɡɛɚɪ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɜ ɯɨɞɭ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɫ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɢɢ, ɬɨɟɫɬɶ ɨɧɢ ɨɞɧɢ ɢ
ɬɟɠɟ.
ȼ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɬɸɪɤɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦ, ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ
ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬɩɨɯɨɠɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
2. Oldur ki Murtaza Kâtib Tatar Mahmud El-hac’a on altÕ bin yüz altmÕú altÕ arúun
kirbas1 tuz’a verdigi könderdüm deyü iqrarÕ qayd olundÕ. Cera zelik fi evahîr Sefer, sene
Semani Aúer ve Elf.
Ɂɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɵ Ʉɹɬɢɛɚ, ɝɨɜɨɪɢɜɲɟɝɨ: ɹ ɨɬɞɚɥ
ɲɟɫɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɫɬɨ ɲɟɫɬɶɞɟɫɹɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɚɪɲɢɧɨɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɡɚɫɨɥɶ ɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥ (ɟɺ)
Ɍɚɬɚɪ Ɇɚɯɦɭɞɭ ɗɥɶɯɚɞɠɭ. Ⱦɚɬɵ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ: ɤɨɧɟɰ ɋɟɮɟɪɚ, ɝɨɞɚ 1018 (1609) [1, ɬ. 1, ɫ. 9-Ⱥ, ɬɟɤɫɬʋ 4].
3. El-hac Mahmud Murtaza Kâtib mahzarÕnda Ferah Kerman (ϥΎϣήϛΥήϓ) tuzÕndan dört
yüz altmÕú sab tuz könderdim didi÷i qayd olundÕ. Cera zelik fi evaher Sefer. Sene Semani Aúer ve Elf.
Ɂɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɗɥɶɯɚɞɠ Ɇɚɯɦɭɞɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ Ɇɭɪɬɚɡɵ Ʉɹɬɢɛɚ: ɢɡ ɮɟɪɚɯɤɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɫɬɚ ɲɟɫɬɶɞɟɫɹɬ ɫɚɛɨɜ (ɫɨɥɢ).
ɋɨɛɵɬɢɟɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ: ɤɨɧɟɰɋɟɮɟɪɚ, ɝɨɞɚ 1018 (1609)
ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɢ: Ɇɭɬɚɯɯɚɪ ɗɮɟɧɞɢ, Ⱥɯɦɟɞ Ȼɟɤ ɢɛɧ-ɢ Ɇɚɯɦɭɞ,
ɆɭɫɬɚɮɚɆɭɷɞɡɢɧɢɡɞɠɚɦɢ (ɦɟɱɟɬɢ). [1, ɬ. 1, ɫ. 9-ȼ, ɬɟɤɫɬʋ 1].
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɟɪɚ ɜɟɫɚ [sab] (ɫɚɛ), ɪɚɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
2600 ɤɝ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɦɟɪɵ ɜɟɫɚ – ɨɤɤɚ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 1,2 ɤɝ. ɗɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɹɫɧɚ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ ɜɟɫɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɧɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚɞɥɹɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ. ȼ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚɯɞɪɟɜɧɟɬɸɪɤɫɤɨɝɨɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɡɞɧɢɯɷɩɨɯɷɬɨ
ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ Ȼɭɞɚɝɨɜɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɟɱɬɨ
ɩɨɯɨɠɟɟ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ saba – ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɤɨɠɚɧɵɣ ɛɭɪɞɸɤ, ɫɲɢɬɵɣ ɢɡ 4-ɯ ɤɨɠ ɫ ɩɨɦɟɬɨɣ
ɤɢɪ. “ɤɢɪɝɢɡɫɤɨɟ”, ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨ [ɫɚɩɚ / sapa], ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɚɤ
ɞɚɝɟɫɬɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɯɥɟɛɧɭɸ ɦɟɪɭ, ɤɚɤɭɸ ɬɨɱɧɨ, ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ [2, ɬ. 1,
ɫ. 682]. ȼ “ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɚɧɚɬɨɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɟɱɢɣ” ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚ [sap] ɩɟɪɟɞɚɺɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤ ɫɧɨɩ ɫɤɨɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ, ɫɬɨɝ ɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, [ɫɚɛ] ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶɬɚɪɨɣɢɥɢɦɟɪɨɣɜɟɫɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣɜɄɪɵɦɭ.
ȿɳɺ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɬɢɜɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢ ɡɜɭɱɚɳɢɣ ɤɚɤ [zan] ɢɥɢ [azan],
Ȼɭɞɚɝɨɜɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ “ɤɪɵɦɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ ɩɚɯɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɜ ɞɥɢɧɭ
800 ɫɚɠ., ɚɜɲɢɪɢɧɭ 12,5” [2, ɬ. 1, ɫ. 603].
4.Suret-i mezbûrede cÕran ala at bahasÕndan Mehmed Efendi HÕzÕr akaya yemin teklif
idubyigirmi hasene virecek oldu. Fi’t-tarih el-mezbûr. ùühüdü’l-hâl: el-mezbûrun.
ɂɡ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɝɧɟɞɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɹɬɧɚɯ ɤɨɧɹ, ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɭɪɟɬɟ (ɡɚɩɢɫɢ), Ɇɟɯɦɟɞ
ɗɮɟɧɞɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ ɤɥɹɬɜɭ, ɫɬɚɥ ɞɨɥɠɧɵɦ ɨɬɞɚɬɶ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɯɚɫɟɧɟ
ɏɵɡɵɪɚɤɚɸ. Ⱦɚɬɚɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɚɹ. ɋɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɢɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟ. [1, ɬ. 1, ɫ. 10-ȼ, Ɍɟɤɫɬʋ 8.]
ȼɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɨɣɡɚɩɢɫɢɞɜɚɫɥɨɜɚ: [çÕran] (ɞɠɵɪɚɧ – ɝɧɟɞɨɣ, ɬ. ɟ. ɫɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɤɪɭɩɨɦɢ
ɱɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɝɚɦɢ, ɝɪɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɯɜɨɫɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɶ) ɢ [aka] (ɚɤɚ – ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ
ɛɪɚɬ) – ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ. ȼ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɦɚɫɬɶ ɝɧɟɞɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɹɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ – [doru] (ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ –[toru]), ɚ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣɛɪɚɬ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɤɚɤ: [abi]
ɥɢɛɨ [a÷abey]. [Abi] – ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɦɭ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɟ, ɱɟɝɨɧɟɬɜɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɪɟɟɫɬɪɚɯɢɜɹɡɵɤɟɜɰɟɥɨɦ.
ɂɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɚɯ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɬɟɣ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ [sür] (ɫɸɪ – ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ), [tar÷Õl]
(ɬɚɪɝɴɵɥ – ɫ ɩɹɬɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɥɛɭ), [qoĖur] (ɤɴɨɧɝɭɪ – ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɠɺɥɬɵɣ, ɛɭɥɚɧɵɣ), [quba] (ɤɴɭɛɚ – ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ). ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ: [qulan] (ɤɨɧɶ ɞɜɭɯɥɟɬɤɚ), [dönen] (ɤɨɧɶɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦɨɬɬɪɺɯɞɨɱɟɬɵɪɺɯɥɟɬ).
ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ
ɦɟɫɬɨɢɦɟɧɢɹ 2-ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ (ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ) ɩɚɞɟɠɟ. ȼ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹɜɫɟɬɪɢɮɨɪɦɵ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɦɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚɦ: [sana, sengâ, sa÷a] (ɬɟɛɟ).
ɂɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ – [sana] – ɨɝɭɡɫɤɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ
ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɸɠɧɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. [Sengâ] –
ɩɪɢɲɥɨ ɢɡ Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɨɪɞɵɧɫɤɨɝɨ Ɍɸɪɤɢ, ɚ [sa÷a] ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨ-ɤɵɩɱɚɤɫɤɢɦ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɧɬɚ. Ɉɛɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ Ʉɪɵɦɭ, ɧɨ ɧɟ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɦɵɜɌɭɪɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɦ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ
ɫɢɞɠɢɥɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɫɭɮɮɢɤɫɚ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ
ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ [-gen/-÷an; -qan/-ken], ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɣɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ:
Mirza eli ile al÷an hasene qÕrq altÕ buçuq idügi qayd olundÕ.ùühüdü’l-hâl: mezbûran.
Ɂɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ: Ɋɭɤɨɸ Ɇɢɪɡɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɡɹɬɨ ɫɨɪɨɤ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɨɣ ɯɚɫɟɧɟ.
ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɢ: ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟ[1, ɬ. 1, ɫ. 12-ȼ, ɬɟɤɫɬʋ 3].
ɂɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫ
ɚɮɮɢɤɫɨɦ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ [-acaq] ɚɮɮɢɤɫ ɞɟɟɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – [-Icaq / -caq / -cek], ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɟɪɟɞɚɺɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ – -dÕqtan sonra), ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɱɟɪɺɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɦɨɦɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ – (y)Inca) [8, ɫ. 125]. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, [...
bi’l-muvacehe Aqay Gazi’den sual olunduqta bi’l-inkâr cevap vircek el-merkum Küzi’den beyyine taleb olunduqta beyyine’den aciz olma÷Õn] (... ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɞɚɧ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫ Ⱥɤɚɸ Ƚɚɡɢ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ (ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ), ɭ
ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɝɨɄɸɡɢɛɵɥɢɢɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵɞɨɜɨɞɵɢɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɤɨɢɯɨɧɛɟɫɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ) [1, ɬ. 1, ɫ. 4-ȼ (1-91/93), ɬɟɤɫɬ 1].
ɗɬɨɬ ɚɮɮɢɤɫ ɭɠɟ ɜ XVI ɜɟɤɟ ɛɵɥ ɦɚɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜ Ɍɭɪɰɢɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤ
ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ Ƚɭɪɟɪɚ Ƚɸɥɶɫɟɜɢɧɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ
ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɧɬɚ [8, ɫ. 126]. Ⱦɟɟɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɹ
ɧɚ [–Icaq / -caq / -cek] ɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɭ ɜ XV ɜ., ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɠɟ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɨɧɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɵ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɚɦɢ [11, ɫ. 139]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɚɮɮɢɤɫ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ
ɚɪɯɚɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɨɫɢɯɩɨɪɟɳɺɜɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢɫɪɟɞɢɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɰɟɜɂɪɚɧɚ.
ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ Ʉɪɵɦɚ ɢ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɬɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ –Icaq / -caq / -cek ɜ XVII–XVIII ɜɜ. ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ
ɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɞɠɢɥɹɯ ɷɬɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɧɬ ɛɵɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɪɟɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɤ XVIII ɜ. ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɲɟɥ ɢɡ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɯɨɬɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɨɧ ɟɳɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɜ Ʉɪɵɦɭ ɜ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɫɜɨɣ, ɦɟɫɬɟɱɤɨɜɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢ ɹɫɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɦɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ
ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ. ɉɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɚɛɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ XVII–XVIII ɜɜ.
ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɟɧ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɝɚɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɢɦɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɣ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɳɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɺɬ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɬɸɪɤɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɢ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɢɯ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɺɦ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ
ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟ.
ɗɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɢɡ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɵɯ
ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣɨɬɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɤɚɁɨɥɨɬɨɣɈɪɞɵ, ɱɶɢɦɭɥɭɫɨɦ, ɚɡɚɬɟɦɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɯɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɨɪɞɵɧɫɤɨɦɭɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ, ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹɄɪɵɦ. ɇɨɜɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨ-ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ (ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɋɬɚɦɛɭɥɟ) –
ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ (ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɜ Ʉɨɧɶɟ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɫɟɥɶɞɠɭɤɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɪɵ ɞɥɹ Ʉɪɵɦɚ, Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɢɢ ɢ Ⱥɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɚ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɜɫɺ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢɄɪɵɦɫɤɨɝɨɏɚɧɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵɧɚɤɪɵɦɫɤɨɦɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɢɜɩɨɥɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɨɝɭɬɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɬɚɬɚɪ.
Ʌ ɢ ɬ ɟ ɪ ɚ ɬ ɭ ɪ ɚ:
1. Ʉɨɩɢɢɫɢɞɠɢɥɟɣɤɪɵɦɫɤɢɯɤɚɞɢɟɜ, ɯɪɚɧɹɳɢɟɫɹɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟɢɦɟɧɢ ɂ. Ƚɚɫɩɪɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɜɋɢɦɮɟɪɨɩɨɥɟ.
Ⱥɪɯɢɜɧɵɣɮɨɧɞ: 67 A90.
2. ȻɭɞɚɝɨɜɅ.ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɬɭɪɟɰɤɨ-ɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɢɯɴɧɚɪ࣎ɱiɣɫɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧiɟɦɴɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧ࣎ɣɲɢɯɴ
ɫɥɨɜ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɯɴ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɢɞɫɤɢɯɴ ɢ ɫɴ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦɴ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤiɣ ɹɡɵɤɴ / Ʌ. Ȼɭɞɚɝɨɜ. – ɋɚɧɤɬɩɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɴ :
ɌɢɩɨɝɪɚɮiɹɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɣȺɤɚɞɟɦiɢɇɚɭɤɴ, 1871. – Ɍ. 1 – 827 ɫ. ; Ɍ. 2 – 415 ɫ.
3. ȻɢɹɪɫɥɚɧɨɜɆ.ȼɵɩɢɫɢɢɡɴɤɚɞɿɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɫɚɤɤɚ (ɤɧɢɝɢ) 1017 – 1022 ɯɢɞɠɪɵ (1608/9 – 1613 ɝ. ɯɪ. ɥɟɬ.),
ɯɪɚɧɹɳɚɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɚɪɯɿɜɟɌɚɜɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨȽɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɉɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ / Ɇ. Ȼɢɹɪɫɥɚɧɨɜ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ Ɍɚɜɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɭɱɟɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɂɌɍȺɄ). – ɋɢɦɮɟɪɨɩɨɥɶ : Ɍɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ɍɚɜɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, 1889–1891. – ʋ 8; 9; 10.
4. Ʌɚɲɤɨɜ Ɏ. Ɏ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɱɟɪɤ Ʉɪɵɦɫɤɨ-ɬɚɬɚɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ / Ɏ. Ɏ. Ʌɚɲɤɨɜ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ
Ɍɚɜɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɱɟɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɂɌɍȺɄ). – ɋɢɦɮɟɪɨɩɨɥɶ : Ɍɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ɍɚɜɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɝɭɛɟɪɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, 1894–1897. – ʋ 21; 22; 23; 24; 25.
5. ɊɭɫɬɟɦɨɜɈ. Ⱦ.ɌɢɩɵɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɢɡɚɮɟɬɨɜɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɤɚɞɢɚɫɤɟɪɫɤɢɯɞɟɮɬɟɪɨɜɄɪɵɦɫɤɨɝɨɏɚɧɫɬɜɚ XVII– XVIII ɜɜ. / Ɉ. Ⱦ. Ɋɭɫɬɟɦɨɜ // Ɇɨɜɚ. ɇɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɢɣɱɚɫɨɩɢɫɡ ɦɨɜɨɡɧɚɜɫɬɜɚ. – Ɉɞɟɫɚ : Ɉɇɍɿɦ.
Ɇɟɱɧɢɤɨɜɚ. – ʋ 27. – ɋ. 129–135.
6. ɋɚɦɨɣɥɨɜɢɱȺ. ɇ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɤɨ-ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ
/ Ⱥ. ɇ. ɋɚɦɨɣɥɨɜɢɱ. – Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ : ɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹȽɨɫ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, 1925. – 158 ɫ.
7. Çobanzade B. Leningratta QÕrÕm hatireleri / Ǻ. Çobanzade // Oquv iúleri. øçtimai-siyasiy ve terbiyevi aylÕq jurnal. QÕrÕm Maarif KomissarlÕ÷Õ neúri. Ba÷çesaray Hüner ve SanayÕ Mektebi basmahanesi. A÷ustos-Sentyabr, 1925. – Numara 4–5. – S. 14–19.
8. Gülsevin G. Eski Anadolu Türkçesinde Ekler / Gürer Gülsevin. – Ankara : Türk Dili Kurumu YayÕnlarÕ, 2011.
– 156 s.
9. ønalcÕk H. “KÕrÕm HanlÕ÷Õ KadÕ Sicilleri Bulundu” / Ǿ. ønalcÕk // Belleten, LX / 227, TTK Yay. – Ankara, 1996. – S. 165–189.
10. Nemeth J. Zur Kenntnis der Mischpachen (das doppelte Sprachsystem des Osmanischen) / J. Nemeth // ‘Acta Lingistica Hung.’ III. 1–2. – Budapest, 1953. – S. 153–199.
11. Timurtaú F. K.. Eski Türkiye Türkçesi XV yüzyÕl. Gramer – Metin – Sözlük / Faruk Kadri Timurtaú. –
østanbul : Enderun Kitabevi, 1994. – 322 s.
R e f e r e n c e s :
1. Copies of the Crimean kadi's sidžils stored in the I. Gasprinsky library in Simferopol. Archive fund: 67 A90. 2. Budagov L. Sravnitelnyiy slovar turetsko-tatarskih narechiy so vklyucheniyem upotrebitel’neyshih slov
arabskih i persidskih i s perevodom na russkiy yazik [A comparative dictionary of Turkish-Tatar dialects with the inclusion of the commonly used words of Arabic and Persian and with translation into Russian] / L. Budagov. – St. Petersburg : Typography of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1871. – T. 1 – 827 p.; T. 2. – 415 s.
3. Biyarslanov M. Vyipisi iz kadiaskerskogo sakka (knigi) 1017 – 1022 hidzhry (1608/9 – 1613 g. hr. let.), hranyaschagosya v arhive Tavricheskogo Gubernskogo Pravleniya [The extracts from the kadiasker’s books 1017 – 1022 (1608/9 – 1613 BC), stored in the archives of the Taurian Provincial Board] / M. Biyarslanov // Izvestiya Tavricheskoy uchenoy arhivnoy komissii (ITUAK). – Simferopol : Tipografiya Tavricheskogo gubernskogo pravleniya, 1889–1891. – ʋ 8; 9; 10.
4. Lashkov F. F. Istoricheskiy ocherk Kryimsko-tatarskogo zemlevladeniya [Historical sketch of the Crimean-Tatar landownership] / F. F. Lashkov // Izvestiya Tavricheskoy uchenoy arhivnoy komissii (ITUAK). – Simferopol : Tipografiya Tavricheskogo gubernskogo pravleniya, 1894–1897. – ʋ 21; 22; 23; 24; 25.
5. Rustemov O. D. Tipy i funktsii izafetov v tekstah kadiaskerskih defterov Kryimskogo Hanstva XVII–XVIII vv. [Types and functions of the crocheting in the texts of the kadiasker’s books scuttles of the Crimean Khanate of the 17th-18th centuries] / O. D. Rustemov // Mova. Naukovo-teoretichniy chasopis z movoznavstva. – Odesa : ONU Im. Mechnikova. – ʋ 27. – S. 129–135.
6. Samoylovich A. N. Kratkaya uchebnaya grammatika sovremennogo osmansko-turetskogo yazyika [Short educational grammar of modern Ottoman-Turkish language.] / A. N. Samoylovich. – Leningrad : Rossiyskaya Gos. Akademicheskaya tipografiya, 1925. – 158 s.
7. Çobanzade B. Leningratta QÕrÕm hatireleri / B. Çobanzade // Oquv iúleri. øçtimai-siyasiy ve terbiyevi aylÕq jurnal. QÕrÕm Maarif KomissarlÕ÷Õ neúri. Ba÷çesaray Hüner ve SanayÕ Mektebi basmahanesi. A÷ustos-Sentyabr. – 1925. – Numara 4–5. – S. 14–19.
8. Gülsevin G. Eski Anadolu Türkçesinde Ekler / Gürer Gülsevin. – Ankara : Türk Dili Kurumu YayÕnlarÕ, 2011.
– 156 s.
9. ønalcÕk H. “KÕrÕm HanlÕ÷Õ KadÕ Sicilleri Bulundu” / H. ønalcÕk // Belleten, LX / 227, TTK Yay. – Ankara, 1996.
– S. 165–189.
10. Nemeth J. Zur Kenntnis der Mischpachen (das doppelte Sprachsystem des Osmanischen) / J. Nemeth // ‘Acta Lingistica Hung.’ III. 1–2. – Budapest, 1953. – S. 153–199.
11. Timurtaú F. K. Eski Türkiye Türkçesi XV yüzyÕl. Gramer – Metin – Sözlük / Faruk Kadri Timurtaú. – østanbul : Enderun Kitabevi, 1994. – 322 s.
12. Turan A. N. “KÕrÕm HanlÕ÷Õ KadÕ Sicilleri HakkÕnda Notlar” / A. N. Turan // Türk Kültürü øncelemeleri Dergisi, 9 (2003 Güz). – østanbul, 2003. – S. 1–16.
ɊɭɫɬɟɦɨɜɈ. Ⱦ. Ⱦɿɚɥɟɤɬɧɿɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿɦɨɜɢɤɪɢɦɫɶɤɢɯɫɭɞɨɜɢɯɪɟɽɫɬɪɿɜ XVI–XVII ɫɬ.
Ʉɪɢɦɫɶɤɿɫɭɞɨɜɿɪɟɽɫɬɪɢ ɯɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ, ɜɿɞɨɦɿ ɹɤɤɚɞɿɚɫɤɟɪɫɶɤɿɤɧɢɝɢ, ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɿɛɭɥɢɞɨɫɢɬɶ
ɞɚɜɧɨ. ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɨɩɢɫ ɿ ɩɟɪɲɿ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɚɞɢ ɰɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ ɡ'ɹɜɢɥɢɫɹ ɜɠɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ XIX ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ
ɬɨɱɧɟ ɭɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɫɩɪɚɜ, ɩɪɨ ɿɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɭ ɿ ɮɿɥɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɭ ɰɿɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɚɦ'ɹɬɨɤ ɜɢɧɢɤɥɨ ɡɨɜɫɿɦ
ɧɟɳɨɞɚɜɧɨ. Ɂɩɨɡɢɰɿʀɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɢ, ɜɨɧɢɞɨɫɢɯɩɿɪɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹɳɟɦɚɥɨɜɢɜɱɟɧɢɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦɡɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɯ
ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɽ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɞɿɚɥɟɤɬɧɨʀ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɦɨɜɢ ɤɪɢɦɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɿɚɫɤɟɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ. Ɂɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɦɚ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɜ ɞɚɧɿɣ ɫɬɚɬɬɿ, ɦɨɜɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɦɚ
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɫɦɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɥɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨʀ ɦɨɜɢ, ɞɚɽ ɡɦɨɝɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɠɢɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɱɢɦɚɥɨ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ
ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɢɯɤɪɢɦɫɶɤɢɯɝɨɜɿɪɨɤ. ȼɫɟɰɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɬɢɦɨɜɭɤɪɢɦɫɶɤɢɯɫɿɞɠɢɥɿɜɹɤɤɪɢɦɫɶɤɢɣ
ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɨɫɦɚɧɫɶɤɨʀɦɨɜɢ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɤɪɢɦɫɶɤɨɬɚɬɚɪɫɶɤɚ ɦɨɜɚ, ɨɫɦɚɧɫɶɤɚ ɦɨɜɚ, ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɝɪɭɩɢ,
ɡɚɩɨɡɢɱɟɧɧɹ, ɤɚɞɿɚɫɤɟɪɫɶɤɿɤɧɢɝɢ.
Rustemov O. D. Dialectal Features of Language of Crimean Judicial Registers XVI– XVII Centuries.
Ottoman literary language, also reveals many elements of local Crimean dialects. Such elements include words denoting suits and breeds of horses, names of household items, geographical names, etc. Separately, it is necessary to mention the morphological features of participial and participial forms of verbs. In a number of cases, they differ from Ottoman and indicate the influence of local, Crimean dialects. All this makes it possible to characterize the language of the Crimean sidžils as a Crimean version of the Ottoman language.
Keywords: Crimean Tatar language, Ottoman language, vocabulary, thematic groups, borrowings, kadiasker books.
ɍȾɄ 811.133.1:659.127
ɋɚɥɤɨɈ. ȼ. ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɱɧɢɣɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɿɦɟɧɿɆ. ɉ. Ⱦɪɚɝɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ
ɋ
ɋɉɉȿȿɐɐɂɂɎɎȱȱɄɄȺȺɊɊȿȿɄɄɅɅȺȺɆɆɇɇɈɈȽȽɈɈȽȽȺȺɋɋɅɅȺȺ ə
əɄɄɊɊȱȱɁɁɇɇɈɈȼȼɂɂȾȾɍɍɆɆɈɈȼȼɅɅȿȿɇɇɇɇəə
ɋɬɚɬɬɸɩɪɢɫɜɹɱɟɧɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɢɯɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɢɯɫɥɨɝɚɧɿɜɡɦɟɬɨɸɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɧɹʀɯɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɝɚɧɚ, ɳɨ ɜɢɪɿɡɧɹɽ
ɣɨɝɨɫɟɪɟɞɿɧɲɢɯɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɿɜ ɬɚɡɭɦɨɜɥɸɽɜɢɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɣɨɝɨɹɤɨɤɪɟɦɨɝɨɪɿɡɧɨɜɢɞɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ.
ȼɢɜɱɟɧɨɪɨɥɶɜɿɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɩɪɢɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɿ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨɝɚɫɥɚ, ɚɬɚɤɨɠɡɚɫɨɛɿɜɜɢɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢ
ɣɨɝɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɿ. Ⱦɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɿ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɶɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɝɚɧɿɜ, ɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɧɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɣɫɩɨɠɢɜɱɢɣɪɢɧɨɤ.
Ʉɥɸɱɨɜɿɫɥɨɜɚ: ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɟɝɚɫɥɨ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɢɣɫɥɨɝɚɧ, ɪɿɡɧɨɜɢɞɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ, ɜɿɡɭɚɥɶɧɢɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ,
ɡɚɫɨɛɢɜɢɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɿ.
Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɧɟɝɚɫɥɨ ɚɛɨ ɫɥɨɝɚɧ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɱɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪɬɚɱɚɫ, ɩɨɽɞɧɭɽ ɜ
ɫɨɛɿ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ: ɳɨɛ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢ ɫɭɬɶ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨʀ ɦɚɪɤɢ.
ȼɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɟɦɨɰɿʀ, ɡɚɜɡɹɬɬɹ, ɫɦɿɯ, ɫɩɿɜɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɟ. ɓɨɛ ɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɢ
ɫɨɛɿ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɿɸ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɟ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɩɪɨɛɨɜɭɽ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɫɬɢɥɿɫɬɢɱɧɿ ɮɿɝɭɪɢ ɡɚɞɥɹ
ɩɪɢɜɟɪɬɚɧɧɹɭɜɚɝɢ, ɩɪɢɦɭɫɭɩɨɫɦɿɯɧɭɬɢɫɶɱɢɡɚɦɪɿɹɬɢɫɶ, ɡɞɢɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɱɢɪɨɡɱɭɥɟɧɧɹ.
ɉɨɥɿɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɢ (ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ ɹɤ ɪɿɡɧɨɜɢɞ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ, ɡɚɫɿɛ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿʀ,
ɜɢɞ ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ) ɽ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɜɢɦɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɩɨɲɭɤɿɜ
ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ. ɀɚɤ ɋɟɝɟɥɚ, ɮɚɯɿɜɟɰɶ ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɢ, ɜɢɫɥɨɜɢɜ ɬɚɤɭ
ɞɭɦɤɭ: “Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɚ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɜɠɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ. ɐɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɰɿ, ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ
ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɯ, ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɦɨɪɚɥɿ” [1, ɫ. 16]. Ɍɨɦɭ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ
ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ:
ɫɨɰɿɨɥɿɧɝɜɿɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɫɬɢɥɿɫɬɢɤɢ, ɬɟɨɪɿʀ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿʀ. ɍɫɿ ɰɿ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧɢ
ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɭɽ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɜɢ, ɚɞɠɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɽɸ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɽ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɬɢ ɧɚ
ɪɟɰɢɩɿɽɧɬɚ.
ȼɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɫɥɚ ɹɤ ɪɿɡɧɨɜɢɞɭ ɦɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɭɲɭɽ ɧɢɡɤɭ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɟɧɧɹ: ɪɨɥɶ ɦɨɜɢ ɹɤ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ, ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɜɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɨɛɿɜ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ, ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɹ ɬɚ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɜɩɥɢɜ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ
ɪɟɰɢɩɿɽɧɬɚ ɬɚ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɫɥɚ, ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɧɿ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ
ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɨɜɢɝɚɫɥɚɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɿ.
ȼɢɜɱɟɧɧɹɦɪɿɡɧɢɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɿɜɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɿɜɭɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯɪɨɤɿɜɡɚɣɦɚɥɢɫɶ
ɪɿɡɧɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɢ: Ⱥ. Ɇɿɥɥɟɪ, Ⱦ. Ɉɝɿɥɜɿ, ȱ. Ⱥ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ, ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɿ ɬɚ ɫɬɢɥɿɫɬɢɱɧɿ
