Control Structure Testing & BBT Types

Control Structure Testing

• _{The basis path testing technique is one of a} number of techniques for control structure . • _{Control structure testing is a group of}

white-box testing methods.

_{Branch Testing}

Branch Testing or Decision Testing

• _{"For every decision, each branch needs to be}

executed at least once."

• _{This example has two branches to be executed:}

1. IF ( a equals b) THEN 2. statement 1

3. ELSE

• _{This examples also has just two branches to be} executed, despite the compound conditional:

• _{IF ( a equals b AND c less than d ) THEN} • _{statement 1}

• _ELSE

Condition Testing

• _{Condition testing is a test construction}

method that focuses on exercising the logical conditions in a program module.

Data flow Testing

• _{Data flow testing is a technique used to detect improper} use of data in a program.

• _{By looking data usage, risky areas of code can be found} and more test cases can be applied.

• _{To test data flow we advise control flow graph.}

Loop Testing

• _{Loop testing is used to check the validity of} loops present in the program modules.

• _{Generally, there exist four types of loops,} namely,

_{Simple loop} _{Nested loops}

Simple loop:

• _{Refers to a loop that}

has no other loops in it. • _{Consider a simple loop}

of size n.

• _{Size n of the loop}

indicates that the loop can be traversed n

times, that is, n number of passes are made

Nested loops

• _{Loops within loops are} known as nested loops. • _{The numbers of tests}

required for testing

Concatenated loops

• _{The loops containing} several loops that may be dependent or

1. In case the loops are dependent on each

other, the steps in nested loops are followed.

2. On the other hand, if the loops are

independent of each other, the steps in

Unstructured loops

• _{Such loops are difficult to}

test;

• _{therefore, they should be}

redesigned so that the use of structured

Black-box testing

• _{It is carried out to test functionality of the}

program. It is also called ‘Behavioral’ testing.

• _{The tester in this case, has a set of input}

values and respective desired results. On providing input, if the output matches with

• _{In this testing method, the design and}

structure of the code are not known to the tester, and

• _{testing engineers and end users conduct this} test on the software

• _{The main purpose of the Black Box is to check} whether the software is working as per

expected in requirement document &

Types of Black-Box Testing

• _{Following black box testing techniques are} used for testing the software application.

• Graph based testing methods • Error Guessing

Graph Based Testing Methods:

• _{Each and every application is build up of some}

objects.

• _{All such objects are identified and graph is}

prepared.

• _{From this object graph each object relationship is}

Error Guessing

• _{This is purely based on previous experience and}

judgment of tester.

• _{Error Guessing is the art of guessing where}

errors can be hidden.

• _{For this technique there are no specific tools,}

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA):

• _{Boundary Value Analysis is the most commonly}

used test case design method for black box testing.

• _{As all we know the most of errors occurs at}

boundary of the input values.

• _{This is one of the techniques used to find the error}

• _{Let us take an example to explain this:}

Suppose we have software application which accepts the input value text box ranging from 1 to 1000, in this case we have invalid and

• _{Here are the Test cases for input box}

Equivalence Class Partitioning

• _{The equivalence class partition is the black box test case}

design technique used for writing test cases.

• _{This approach is use to reduce huge set of possible inputs to}

small but equally effective inputs.

• _{This is done by dividing inputs into the classes and gets one}

value from each class.

• _{Such method is used when exhaustive testing is most wanted}

In the equivalence partitioning input are

divided based on the input values:

• _{If an input condition specifies a range, One valid and}

two invalid equivalence classes are defined.

• _{If an input condition requires a specific value, One}

valid and two invalid equivalence classes are defined.

• _{If an input condition specifies a member of a set,}

One valid and one invalid equivalence class are defined.

• _{If an input condition is Boolean, One valid and one}

Integration testing

• Once all the individual units are created and

tested, we start combining those “Unit Tested” modules and start doing the integrated testing.

• _{So the meaning of Integration testing is quite}

straight forward- Integrate/combine the unit tested module one by one and test the

The integration testing techniques:

1. Big Bang integration testing

• _{As per the below image all the modules from} ‘Module 1’ to ‘Module 6’ are integrated