Name Period
Notes: Populism and Segregation
1. ____________________________________ was the movement to increases farmers’ political power and to work for legislation in their interest
2. What caused Populism
•
Farm prices _______________________________ due to new technology•
Farmers were producing ___________________________ supply = ____________________ prices•
At the same time, ____________________________________ tariffs = increased price on manufacturedgoods and higher shipping prices overseas
•
Farmers felt _________________________________________________ by banks (loans) and railroads (shipping rates)•
Money supply3. Why does the money supply concern farmers?
•
After Civil War there are three types of currency in circulation:1. __________________________________________ - Paper currency printed without gold/silver backing = inflation
2. ____________________________________ and Silver Coins 3. National Bank Notes (government bonds)
4. Trying to get inflation under control
•
Federal government __________________________ printing greenbacks+
•
Begin __________________________________ off bonds+
•
Decided to ____________________________ making silver into coins =_______________________________________
5. What is deflation?
•
An ______________________________________ in the value of money (because there is less in circulation) and a ____________________________________________ in the level of prices•
As money increases in value, prices begin to fall6. How does deflation hurt farmers?
•
Had to _________________________________________ money, but money is in short supply rise in interest rates increase amount farmers owe•
Realized problems were related to the money supply call for printing of more_____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Time to Organize!
•
The _____________________________________________ – the nation’s first national farm organization•
Responded to crisis in three ways:1. Wanted to __________________________________ railroad and warehouse rates 2. Wanted the government to _________________________________ more money
3. Tried to create ___________________________________________: pool crops to hold off market to force prices up
8. The Grange __________________________________
•
“______________________________________” for railroads = railroads fight back, refusing to lay more track•
Greenback Party did not gather _______________________________ because of suspicious nature of paper money•
Cooperatives were too __________________________________ to have any effect on prices and considered similar to unions and therefore illegitimate conspiracies9. The Farmers’ Alliance
•
A new organization to pick up where the Grange left off•
Experienced ____________________________________ measures of success through larger cooperatives, known as _____________________________________, but they, too, eventually failed•
Failure brings power struggle within the organization formation of ________________________________10. People’s Party
•
Third political party a.k.a. Populist Party•
Supported the Ocala Demands•
Sub treasury Plan•
Coinage of ___________________________________________________•
End to _______________________________________ tariffs and national banks•
Tighter regulations of railroads•
__________________________________________________ election of senators11. Republicans try to undermine
•
Tried to prevent farmers from voting for the Populists by •
Passed: _________________________________________________•
1890•
Purchase 4.5 million ounces of silver per month12. Democrats _____________________________________ the Populists
13. Few follow through with their support, however call for _____________________________…
14. …CHANGE
•
Some Southern Democrats break away from their party and join with the People’s Party to support a presidential candidate•
Platform•
Coinage of ____________________________________________•
______________________________________________________•
Strengthen government to protect against greedy private interests•
Proposals to appeal to organized labor15. Results
•
Democrats retain their support and bring ______________________________ into office16. Grover Cleveland’s Time in Office
•
CHALLENGE: Panic of 1873•
_______________________________________ declare bankruptcy•
Stock market _________________________________________________•
Banks closed their doors•
Created a crisis for ____________________________________________•
Investors owned bonds backed by gold•
Begin cashing in reserves at _____________________________ levels+
•
Gold reserves are also being tapped by people exchanging _______________________________ for gold under the Sherman Purchase Act •
____________________________________ leads to ______________________ in Democratic Party between:1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________
17. Election of 1896
•
Republicans•
Support _______________________________ Standard•
Democrats18. Where do the Populists fit in?
•
Support ________________________________________ and Bryan and risk undermining the Populist Party identity as a separate partyOR
•
Nominate their own candidate and risk splitting the silver vote19. Republicans get ready to fight…
•
Nominate ________________________________________________ and launch their “front-porch campaign”•
Campaigned against the Democrats•
Blamed Cleveland for the depression McKinley promised a “full dinner pail”•
____________________________________________ leaders supported gold standard•
Moderation on ______________________________ issues + tolerance toward_________________________________ groups = support by urban workers and immigrants
19. And the winner is…
•
The _____________________________________ and McKinley•
Populism begins a ____________________________________________•
Opposition to gold standard begins to decline with depression ending•
________________________________ is found in Alaska and Canada’s Yukon territory•
By 1900, the US passes the ____________________________________________20. The End of the Populists
•
Although their party came to an end, as a ______________________________________________________ they were important in supporting a platform that will _______________________________ othercampaigns, efforts to __________________________________, and encourage new ________________
21. The Rise of Segregation
•
After Reconstruction, African Americans lived in conditions that were _________________ better than slavery•
Responded by:•
“_____________________________” - - migration from the rural south to Kansas•
Join Colored Farmers’ National Alliance•
Became members of the ____________________________________ Party 22. On Alert!•
If the African Americans AND the poor whites joined the Populist Party, the Democrats would be in trouble/lack support need to win back the ___________________________ vote Appeal to ____________________________________
23. Disenfranchising African Americans
•
Cannot deny AA the right to vote, but we can ______________________________ them…24. Ways to prevent AA from voting
•
__________________________________________ – pay a sum to vote•
___________________________________________ – read/understand a passage to vote25. How to let poor whites vote…
•
______________________________________________ – allowed any white man to vote if he had an ancestor on the voting rolls in 186726. Legalizing Segregation
•
____________________________________________________ – separation of races•
____________________________________________ – statutes (laws) enforcing segregation27. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
•
Legalized segregation•
Endorsed “_____________________________________________” principle28. African American Response
