Sun's Perspective on Open Standards and Open Source in Education

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Sun's Perspective on

Open Standards and

Open Source in Education

Samuel Lo

Global Education & Research

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Open Source vs. Open

Standards in Education

•

Educational institutions under tremendous cost pressure –

Do more with less Do more with less

•

Few commercial applications support learning and research

•

Focus on collaborative creation of mission-critical applications

> Open standards vs. open source

> Leverage cross-industry middleware

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Open Standards Are in Sun's DNA

•

Commitment to open industry standards

> TCP/IP, UNIX_→, POSIX, XML, SOAP, CORBA, IKE, LDAP...

•

Innovate and make open specifications available

> NFS, Open Windows™_{, Java}™_{, Java}™ _{EE (J2EE), Jiro}™_{, JXTA}™_{, SAML..}

> SBus, SPARC™_→_{architecture...}

•

Utilize industry-standard interfaces

> VME, PCI, SCSI, Ethernet...

> Sun was an early Ethernet adopter

•

Participates in and founds standards organizations

> IETF, Liberty Alliance, LDAP, OASIS...

> In education: Global Grid Forum, IMS Global, SIF, OKI

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Open Source is Also in Sun's DNA

Sun Has its Roots in the

BSD UNIX Distribution,

and Has Contributed to

Open Source Projects

Since 1982

•

Sun is the biggest contributor of open source code

> Has contributed more open source code than any other organization

> OpenSolaris includes Solaris™_{Operating System and 1,600 patents}

> StarOffice™_{is one of the largest open source contributions}

> OpenSPARC™_{(Open Source distribution of the UltraSPARC}™_{T1 processor)}

> Open SSO (Authentication, Single-Domain SSO, Web and Java EE agents)

> Sun Java™_{System Application Server Platform Edition v9.0}

Complete list of Sun's Open Source Involvement:

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Open Source is Also in Sun's DNA

Sun sponsors open source projects

> Brazil, Grid Engine, Interoperability Prototype

for Liberty, JRMS, Java.net, JXTA™_{, NetBeans}™_{, OpenOffice.org}

> In education: JA-SIG/uPortal, GELC

•

Sun participates in open source projects

> SAKAI, Pachyderm, Ant, Gnome, Mozilla, Apache, OSDL, Tomcat, WEBM

•

Eventually All Sun software would be Open Sourced

Complete list of Sun's Open Source Involvement:

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Sun Believes in Open Standards

•

Sun's Goal: Sun's Goal: promote open standards and compete to provide the best possible implementation

•

Why open standards?

> More choice > Better quality > Lower prices > Flexibility > Modularity LDAP IMAP /POP SMTP Mail Mail Client Client Mail Mail Server Server Mail Mail Server Server Directory Directory Server Server

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Strategic vs. Tactical Decisions

•

Strategic Decision: Building IT with open standards

•

Tactical Decision: Implementation technique > Commercial, open source, or build-your-own

Solaris™/Solaris x86 OpenSolaris, Linux HP/UX Apache Microsoft IIS

IBM WebSphere Sendmail Microsoft Exchange

Sun

Sun Open SourceOpen Source OtherOther

Sun Java™ System Web Server

Sun Java™ System Application Server

Tomcat, Sun App Server Platform Edition Sun Java™ System

Mail Server

Sun Java Enterprise System is

a pre-tested, pre-integrated,

platform-independent solution

Open Source sometimes

implements open standards,

but not always

Other customer

choices

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Doing More with Less

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It's all about total cost of ownership

> Zero software cost is only part of the equation

> Software and licensing fees are only 30

percent of a five-year cost structure (IDC, 2005)

•

Lifecycle costs

> Requirements, architecture, design

> Development

> Customization

> Integration

> Training, support, maintenance

Real support costs real money, requiring

support contracts or your own staff

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Consider Lifecycle Risks

•

Open source guarantees the ability to view the source code > Do you need to view the schematic to change your car radio?

•

It doesn't protect you from risks including: > Lack of standards conformance

> Multi 'vendor' compatibility issues

> Versioning that breaks

your dependency graph

> Limited scalability

> Inadvertent use of others' intellectual property > 24x7 support Web Web Mail Mail Problem Problem Tracking Tracking Perl DBM DBM SQLSQL

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Choosing Sun's Open

Standards-based Software

•

Sun strives to create the best implementation of open standards

> Long history of support for open standards

•

And it is available at no-cost

•

Supports choice of competing software

•

Pre-integrated, pre-tested enterprise software

> Sun Java™ _{Enterprise System}

> Sun Java™_{Desktop System}

Who do you trust for support ?

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Recommendations

• Choosing open standards is the

most important decision

• Standardize on middleware that is used across many industries, minimizing integration, training, and deployment costs

• Focus on your mission-critical application

• Make buy, build, or open-source decisions

• Protect your future by making sure that it runs on open

standards-based platforms

Decide on your requirements

Standardize on middleware

Focus on your mission-critical

application: buy, build,

open-source decisions

Decide to leverage open standards

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Don't Forget Open Content...

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Internet has enabled e-content

to be shared worldwide

•

Increasingly expensive books not easy to afford specially in developing countries

•

Sun is sponsoring GELC (a forum for education community worldwide

to share content, software and best practices).

•

We are also supporting Merlot (global community for sharing eLearning objects free)

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Unlocking Knowledge, Empowering

Minds

Vision

•

Web-based publication of virtually all MIT course content

•

Open and available to the world

•

A permanent MIT activity

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Unlocking Knowledge, Empowering

Minds

Site Highlights

> Syllabus > Course Calendar > Lecture Notes > Exams > Problem/Solution Sets

> Labs and Projects

> Video Lectures

1,259 courses available

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Implementation – Intellectual property

•

Course materials available under a Creative commons (http://creativecommons.org) license that:

> Grants users the right to use and distribute the materials either as-is, or in a modified form

•

Obiliges users to meet three use requirements: > Use must be non-commercial

> Materials must be attributed to MIT and original author or contributor

> Publication or distribution of original or derivative material must be offered freely under identical terms "share alike"

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Implementation – External outreach

strategies

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Foster use of MIT OCW materials through awareness-building

> UNESCO

> United Nations University

> World Bank

•

Expand access to MIT OCW materials

> Universia (Spanish and Portuguese)

> CORE (Simplified Chinese)

> Chulalongkorn University (Thai)

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Implementation – Mirror sites

8 TOTAL IN PROGRESS LIVE 84 76 TOTAL 4 — 4 South Asia 3 2 1 Middle East 1 — 1 Latin America 1 — 1 Eastern Europe

and Central Asia

16 2 14 East Asia 59 4 55 Africa 8 TOTAL IN PROGRESS LIVE 84 76 TOTAL 4 — 4 South Asia 3 2 1 Middle East 1 — 1 Latin America 1 — 1 Eastern Europe

and Central Asia

16 2 14 East Asia 59 4 55 Africa › Zambia › Vietnam › Ukraine

Current Mirror Site Locations

› Uganda › Pakistan › Kenya › Gambia › Tanzania › Nigeria › Iraq › Ethiopia › Taiwan › Niger › Indonesia › China › Sudan › Mozambique › Guinea › Brazil › Sri Lanka › Mauritius › Ghana › Bangladesh › Zambia › Vietnam › Ukraine

Current Mirror Site Locations

› Uganda › Pakistan › Kenya › Gambia › Tanzania › Nigeria › Iraq › Ethiopia › Taiwan › Niger › Indonesia › China › Sudan › Mozambique › Guinea › Brazil › Sri Lanka › Mauritius › Ghana › Bangladesh

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OCW Movement – Other opencoursewares

Emerging "opencoursewares" Spain • U. Politécnica de Madrid • U. Santiago de Compostela • U. Barcelona • U. Islas Baleares • U. Rovira i Virgili • U. Jaume I • U. Murcia • U. Alicante • U. Politécnica de Valencia • U. Autónoma de Madrid • U. Complutense de Madrid • U. Sevilla Portugal • U. Aveiro Vietnam • FETP OpenCourseWare India • Rai University • Somaiya Vidyavihar France • Telecom Paris • Ecole Polytechnique • Techniques Avancees • Ponts et Chaussees • Ecole des Mines de Paris • Chimie Paris • Physique-Chimie • Agronomie • Statistiques et Economie • Eaux et Forets • Arts et Metiers Japan • Keio University • Kyoto University • Osaka University • Tokyo Institute of Technology • University of Tokyo • Waseda University United States

• Harvard Law School Berkman Center • Johns Hopkins

School of Public Health • Tufts University

• University of Michigan School of Information • University of Notre Dame • Utah State University

China (CORE)

• Peking University • Tsinghua University

• Beijing Jiaotong University • Dalian Univ. of Technology • Central South University • Xi'an Jiaotong University • Central Radio & TV Univ. • Sichuan University

• Zhejiang University

• Beijing Normal University • Plus 146 more

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Content Content Standards Standards Software Software

Sun's Support of All Three Elements

of Open Computing in Education

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