Martinez vs HSBC

22

 semester, A.Y. 2014-2015

 semester, A.Y. 2014-2015

Advertisement for Bidders – Article 1326

Jardine Davis vs CA Jardine Davis vs CA G.R. No. 128066 G.R. No. 128066 Date: June 19, 2000 Date: June 19, 2000

Pettoner: JARD!N" DA#!$ !N%. Pettoner: JARD!N" DA#!$ !N%.

Res&ondents: %A and 'AR "A$( )!**$ $+PP*Y %RPRA(!N Res&ondents: %A and 'AR "A$( )!**$ $+PP*Y %RPRA(!N Pettoner: P+R" 'D$

Pettoner: P+R" 'D$ %RPRA%RPRA(!N(!N

Res&ondents: %A and 'AR "A$( )!**$ $+PP*Y %RPRA(!N '")$% Res&ondents: %A and 'AR "A$( )!**$ $+PP*Y %RPRA(!N '")$% Ponente: J. /eoso

Ponente: J. /eoso FAC!

FAC! 1.

1. !n 1992, durn te et o3 &oer rss, Pure 'oods deded to nsta 2 1500 7!n 1992, durn te et o3 &oer rss, Pure 'oods deded to nsta 2 1500 7 enerators n ts 3ood &roessn &ant n $an Roue, )arna %t to urta osses. enerators n ts 3ood &roessn &ant n $an Roue, )arna %t to urta osses. 2.

2. No;em<er 1992, a <ddn as edNo;em<er 1992, a <ddn as ed

•

• ut o3 te 8 ut o3 te 8 &ros&et;e <dders o attended te &re-<ddn on3erene, on =&ros&et;e <dders o attended te &re-<ddn on3erene, on =

su<mtted <d &ro&osas and a;e <d <onds o3 5> o3 ter <d su<mtted <d &ro&osas and a;e <d <onds o3 5> o3 ter <d

◦

◦ '")$%'")$% ◦

◦ )onar)onar ◦

◦ Ad;ane PoerAd;ane Poer

3.

3. Pure 3oods on3rmed te aard to '")$% Pure 3oods on3rmed te aard to '")$% trou a etter to te atter?s trou a etter to te atter?s &resdent.&resdent.

•

• *um& sum: P6,1=@,29=*um& sum: P6,1=@,29= ◦

◦ 'or materas and a<or'or materas and a<or •

• Paa<e: 2 a mont t Paa<e: 2 a mont t 10> retenton10> retenton ◦

◦ Retaned amount  <e reeased =0 das Retaned amount  <e reeased =0 das a3ter ae&tane o3 tea3ter ae&tane o3 te

om&eted &roBet and u&on &ostn o3 Guarantee <ond 20> o3 ontrat om&eted &roBet and u&on &ostn o3 Guarantee <ond 20> o3 ontrat &re

&re

•

• 7en: 20 orn das a3ter te de;er 7en: 20 orn das a3ter te de;er o3 te Generator $eto3 te Generator $et ◦

◦ Penat o3 1C10 o3 1> o3 te &urase &re 3or e;er da o3 deaPenat o3 1C10 o3 1> o3 te &urase &re 3or e;er da o3 dea •

• %ontrator  &ut u& a %ontrator  &ut u& a =0> &er3ormane <ond and a-rs nsurane &o.=0> &er3ormane <ond and a-rs nsurane &o. •

• 7arrant o3 1 ear aanst de3et;e matera orCand ormans&.7arrant o3 1 ear aanst de3et;e matera orCand ormans&.

4.

4. '")$% &ad te &er3ormane <ond, aured an a-rs '")$% &ad te &er3ormane <ond, aured an a-rs nsurane &o and startednsurane &o and started &urasn materas e P' returned te <dder?s <ond o3

&urasn materas e P' returned te <dder?s <ond o3 P1m.P1m. 5.

5. Deem<er 22, 1992, P'?s ;e-&resdent unatera aneed te aard due toDeem<er 22, 1992, P'?s ;e-&resdent unatera aneed te aard due to “significant factors were uncovered and brought to their attention which dictate the “significant factors were uncovered and brought to their attention which dictate the cancellation and warrant a total review and re-bid of the project 

cancellation and warrant a total review and re-bid of the project . '")$% &rotested. '")$% &rotested ts <ut P' aarded t to JARD!N" N"**,  as not one o3 te <dders. ts <ut P' aarded t to JARD!N" N"**,  as not one o3 te <dders.

6.

6. '")$% 3ed a om&ant'")$% 3ed a om&ant

•

• P' E Reneed te ontratP' E Reneed te ontrat •

• Jardne E +narranted nter3erene and nduementJardne E +narranted nter3erene and nduement ◦

◦ Jardne 3ed a demurrer to e;dene dsmss om&ant on round o3Jardne 3ed a demurrer to e;dene dsmss om&ant on round o3

nsu33en o3 e;dene nsu33en o3 e;dene 7.

7. R(% PasR(% Pas

•

• Granted Jardne?s Demurrer to e;deneGranted Jardne?s Demurrer to e;dene ◦

◦ 7e t ma seem to te &ant33 tat < te atons o3 te to de3endants7e t ma seem to te &ant33 tat < te atons o3 te to de3endants

tere s sometn underanded on on, ts s

tere s sometn underanded on on, ts s a a matter a a matter o3 &ere&ton,o3 &ere&ton, and unsu&&orted < ard e;dene, mere sus&ons and su&&ostons and unsu&&orted < ard e;dene, mere sus&ons and su&&ostons  oud not sta

 oud not stand u& ;er e n nd u& ;er e n a ourt o3 aa ourt o3 a..

•

• Proeeded t te ase aanst P'Proeeded t te ase aanst P' •

• D"%!$!N E n 3a;or o3 '")$%. P' to &a '")$%D"%!$!N E n 3a;or o3 '")$%. P' to &a '")$% ◦

◦ P2.=m E #aue o3 enneern ser;es t renderedP2.=m E #aue o3 enneern ser;es t rendered ◦

◦ F14  P900 E %ontrator?s mar-u& on nstaaton or sne t oud <eF14  P900 E %ontrator?s mar-u& on nstaaton or sne t oud <e

m&oss<e to om&e P' to 3u3 ts

m&oss<e to om&e P' to 3u3 ts o<aton sne Jardne?s onstrutono<aton sne Jardne?s onstruton aread started

aread started

◦

◦ 20> o3 tota amount E attorne?s 3ees20> o3 tota amount E attorne?s 3ees ◦

◦ %osts%osts

8.

8. (e <ot a&&eaed(e <ot a&&eaed

•

• '")$% E Aanst te rantn o3 te '")$% E Aanst te rantn o3 te demurrer to e;dene  resuted to tedemurrer to e;dene  resuted to te

dsmssa o3 te ase aanst Jardne dsmssa o3 te ase aanst Jardne

•

• P' E Deson o3 R(%  ordered t to &a '")$%P' E Deson o3 R(%  ordered t to &a '")$%

9.

9. %A?s Deson%A?s Deson

•

• A33rmed te deson aanst P'A33rmed te deson aanst P' ◦

◦ Pus P2m mora Pus P2m mora damaes, P1m eem&ar damaes, 20> attorne?s 3eesdamaes, P1m eem&ar damaes, 20> attorne?s 3ees •

• Jardne to &a '")$% 3or ndun P' to ;oate ts ontratJardne to &a '")$% 3or ndun P' to ;oate ts ontrat ◦

◦ P2m mora damaesP2m mora damaes

"!!#$1% &O' a (erfected contract e)isted bet*een +F and F$,!CO "!!#$1% &O' a (erfected contract e)isted bet*een +F and F$,!CO Pure 'ood?s Arument E No

Pure 'ood?s Arument E No &er3eted ontrat&er3eted ontrat 1.

1. !ts Deem<er etter to '")$% as !ts Deem<er etter to '")$% as not an ae&tane o3 te atter?s <d not an ae&tane o3 te atter?s <d &ro&osa and&ro&osa and aard o3 te &roBet <ut more

aard o3 te &roBet <ut more o3 a ua3ed ae&tane onsttutn a ounter-o33ero3 a ua3ed ae&tane onsttutn a ounter-o33er   reured '

  reured '")$%?s e&ress on3orme")$%?s e&ress on3orme.. 2.

2. $ne P+R"'D$ ne;er ree;ed '")$%?s on3orme, P+R"'D$ as ;er$ne P+R"'D$ ne;er ree;ed '")$%?s on3orme, P+R"'D$ as ;er  e tn reason

 e tn reason to re;oe ts uato re;oe ts ua3ed ae&tane o3ed ae&tane or ounter-o33err ounter-o33er.. 3.

3. Hene, no ontrat as Hene, no ontrat as &er3eted <eteen P+R"'D$ and '")$%.&er3eted <eteen P+R"'D$ and '")$%. -$.D1% /$!0 +F acce(ted te offer of F$,!CO *ic res(ondent to te advertisement0 -$.D1% /$!0 +F acce(ted te offer of F$,!CO *ic res(ondent to te advertisement0

2

2

 _{semester, A.Y. 2014-2015}

 _{semester, A.Y. 2014-2015}

1.

1. %ontrats are &er3eted < mere onsent, u&on te ae&tane < te o33eree o3 %ontrats are &er3eted < mere onsent, u&on te ae&tane < te o33eree o3 tete o33er made < te o33eror. 'rom tat moment, te &artes are

o33er made < te o33eror. 'rom tat moment, te &artes are <ound not on to te<ound not on to te 3u3ment o3 at as <een e&ress

3u3ment o3 at as <een e&ress st&uated <ut aso to a st&uated <ut aso to a te onseueneste onseuenes  , aordn

 , aordn to ter natureto ter nature, ma <e n ee&n, ma <e n ee&n t ood 3a t ood 3at, usae and t, usae and a. 6a. 6 (

(o &rodue a ontrat, te ae&tane must not o &rodue a ontrat, te ae&tane must not ua3 te terms o3 ua3 te terms o3 te o33er.te o33er. Hoe;er

Hoe;er, te ae&tane ma <e e&ress or m&ed. , te ae&tane ma <e e&ress or m&ed. 'or a ontrat to arse, te'or a ontrat to arse, te ae&tane must <e made

ae&tane must <e made non to te non to te o33eroro33eror. Aordn, te ae&tane an <e. Aordn, te ae&tane an <e  tdran o

 tdran or re;oed <e3ore r re;oed <e3ore t s made non to t s made non to te o33erorte o33eror.. 2.

2. (e on ssue s eter or not tere as an ae&tane o3 an o33er and 3 t as(e on ssue s eter or not tere as an ae&tane o3 an o33er and 3 t as ommunated, tere< reatn a ontrat.

ommunated, tere< reatn a ontrat. 3.

3. $ne P' onduted a <d, Arte $ne P' onduted a <d, Arte 1=26 a&&es Ad;ertsements 3or <dders are sm&1=26 a&&es Ad;ertsements 3or <dders are sm& n;tatons to mae &ro&osas

n;tatons to mae &ro&osas

•

• Ad;ertsement: (Ad;ertsement: (erms and erms and %ondtons o3 te /ddn%ondtons o3 te /ddn •

• 33er: <d &ro&osas or uotatons su<mtted < te &ros&et;e su&&ers33er: <d &ro&osas or uotatons su<mtted < te &ros&et;e su&&ers •

• Re&: Ae&tane or reBeton < P' o3 Re&: Ae&tane or reBeton < P' o3 te o33ers.te o33ers.

4.

4. (e Deem<er etter onsttuted as an ae&tane. . (e tenor o3 (e Deem<er etter onsttuted as an ae&tane. . (e tenor o3 te etter, .e.te etter, .e., "This, "This will confirm that Pure Foods has awarded to your firm FE!# the project  will confirm that Pure Foods has awarded to your firm FE!# the project ,I oud not,I oud not <e more ateora.

<e more ateora. 5.

5. (e terms and ondtons ere m&osed on (e terms and ondtons ere m&osed on te &er3ormane rater tan on tete &er3ormane rater tan on te &er3eton o3 te ontrat.

&er3eton o3 te ontrat. 6.

6. 'aure to om& t a ondton on te &er3eton o3 ontrat resuts n te 3aure o3'aure to om& t a ondton on te &er3eton o3 ontrat resuts n te 3aure o3 a ontrat, 3aure to om&

a ontrat, 3aure to om& t te ondton on &er3ormane mere ;es t te ondton on &er3ormane mere ;es te oterte oter &art o&tons andCor remedes to &rotet s

&art o&tons andCor remedes to &rotet s nterests.nterests.

"!!#$2% Assming tat te letter *as a conditional conter4offer5 *as tere acce(tance7 "!!#$2% Assming tat te letter *as a conditional conter4offer5 *as tere acce(tance7 -$.D2% /$!0

-$.D2% /$!0 1.

1. An ae&tane ma eter <e e&ress or m&ed, and ts an <e n3erred 3rom teAn ae&tane ma eter <e e&ress or m&ed, and ts an <e n3erred 3rom te ontem&oran

ontem&oraneous and su<seuent ats eous and su<seuent ats o3 te ontratn &artes.o3 te ontratn &artes. 2.

2. '")%?s su<msson o3 te &er3ormane <ond and ontrator?s a-rs '")%?s su<msson o3 te &er3ormane <ond and ontrator?s a-rs nsurane asnsurane as an m&ed ae&tane. !t auesed to te terms

an m&ed ae&tane. !t auesed to te terms tat te &er3ormane <ond and tetat te &er3ormane <ond and te ontrator?s a-rs nsurane soud <e ;en u&on te

ontrator?s a-rs nsurane soud <e ;en u&on te ommenement o3 teommenement o3 te ontrat.

ontrat. 3.

3. (e anoedment tereo3 < &ettoner P+R"'D$, not to menton ts return o3(e anoedment tereo3 < &ettoner P+R"'D$, not to menton ts return o3 '")$%?s <dder?s <ond, as a onrete man3estaton o3 ts

'")$%?s <dder?s <ond, as a onrete man3estaton o3 ts noede tatnoede tat res&ondent '")$% ndeed onsented

res&ondent '")$% ndeed onsented to te to te Iondtona ounter-o33erIondtona ounter-o33er.I.I 4.

4. P'?s etter P'?s etter is hereby canceling the award to your company of the project,is hereby canceling the award to your company of the project,II &resu&&oses tat te ontrat as <een &er3eted. 'or, tere an <e no aneaton 3 &resu&&oses tat te ontrat as <een &er3eted. 'or, tere an <e no aneaton 3 te ontrat as not &er3eted n te

te ontrat as not &er3eted n te 3rst &ae3rst &ae 'O$!%

'O$!%

(e dsusson on te &re

(e dsusson on te &re o3 te &roBet 2 monts o3 te &roBet 2 monts a3ter te Deem<er etter an <e deemed asa3ter te Deem<er etter an <e deemed as notn more tan a &ressure <en eerted <

notn more tan a &ressure <en eerted < &ettoner P' on res&ondent '")$% to oer&ettoner P' on res&ondent '")$% to oer te &re e;en a3ter te ontrat ad

te &re e;en a3ter te ontrat ad <een &er3eted. P' as an 3or a <een &er3eted. P' as an 3or a oer &re e;en a3teroer &re e;en a3ter

areen to te earer uotaton, and as treatenn to unatera ane te

areen to te earer uotaton, and as treatenn to unatera ane te ontrat,  tontrat,  t e;entua dd.

e;entua dd. P' aso asserts te

P' aso asserts te a<sene o3 a &urase order. /ut &urase orders do not mae a<sene o3 a &urase order. /ut &urase orders do not mae or <rea aor <rea a ontrat.

ontrat.

"!!#$3% &O' tere *as bad fait tat *arrants te a*arding of moral damages7 "!!#$3% &O' tere *as bad fait tat *arrants te a*arding of moral damages7 Pure 'ood?s Arument E /ad 3at a<sent

Pure 'ood?s Arument E /ad 3at a<sent 1.

1. !t as ne;er n <ad 3at en t deat t '")$%. Hene mora and eem&ar!t as ne;er n <ad 3at en t deat t '")$%. Hene mora and eem&ar damaes soud not a;e <een aarded.

damaes soud not a;e <een aarded. -$.D3% /$! tere *as bad fait0

-$.D3% /$! tere *as bad fait0 1.

1. (e $% (e $% su<ssu<sr<es r<es to te to te 3atu3atua 3nda 3ndns ons o3 te o3 te oer oer ourturt 2.

2. P' as atP' as ated t <aed t <ad 3at and 3at and ts as 3ud ts as 3urter arter ara;ara;ated < te suted < te su<se<seuentuent ontrat t Jardne. !t s

ontrat t Jardne. !t s ;er e;dent tat P' tout tat < ;er e;dent tat P' tout tat < te e&edent means o3te e&edent means o3 mere rtn a etter oud automata ane or nu3 te estn ontrat mere rtn a etter oud automata ane or nu3 te estn ontrat entered nto < <ot &artes a3ter a &roess o3 <ddn. (s, to te %ourt?s mnd, s a entered nto < <ot &artes a3ter a &roess o3 <ddn. (s, to te %ourt?s mnd, s a 3arant ;oaton o3 te e&ress &ro;sons o3 te a and s ontrar to 3ar and Bust 3arant ;oaton o3 te e&ress &ro;sons o3 te a and s ontrar to 3ar and Bust deans to  e;er man s due.

deans to  e;er man s due. =.

=. '")$%'")$%?s re&uta?s re&utaton as <eton as <esmrsmred sne t ored sne t orderedered 3rom su&&d 3rom su&&ers oners on to ane to ane tem. /ut mora damaes s redued to P1m as t s

tem. /ut mora damaes s redued to P1m as t s ne;er ntended to enr '")$%.ne;er ntended to enr '")$%. "em&ar s aso redued to P100.

"em&ar s aso redued to P100.

"!!#$8% Assming tere e)isted a (erfected contract &O' tere is an9 so*ing tat "!!#$8% Assming tere e)isted a (erfected contract &O' tere is an9 so*ing tat JA:D"'$ indced or connived *it +F to violate te latter;s contract *it F$,!CO0 JA:D"'$ indced or connived *it +F to violate te latter;s contract *it F$,!CO0 Jardne?s Arument:

Jardne?s Arument: 1.

1. ReoReords are <errds are <ere3t o3 ane3t o3 an son son tat t ad &r tat t ad &ror noor noedede o3 te su&&e o3 te su&&osedosed ontrat <eteen P' and '")$%, and tat t

ontrat <eteen P' and '")$%, and tat t ndued P' to ;oate ndued P' to ;oate te atter?ste atter?s aeed ontrat t '")$%.

aeed ontrat t '")$%. 2.

2. '")$%'")$%, an a, an art3rt3a &ea &erson, rson, s not es not enttntted to med to mora daora damaemaes.s. =.

=. /ut ran/ut rantn arutn aruendo tendo tat te aard o3 moat te aard o3 mora damara damaes s &ro&eres s &ro&er, P2,000, P2,000,000,000.00 s.00 s etreme eess;e.

etreme eess;e.

-$.D8% 'o so*ing tat Jardine indced +F to violate te contract0 -$.D8% 'o so*ing tat Jardine indced +F to violate te contract0

1.

1. 7e t ma7e t ma seem tat t seem tat tere as oere as onn;ann;ane, no s&ne, no s&e3e3 e;den e;dene su&&e su&&orts suorts su onuson.

onuson. D!$P$!(!#": D!$P$!(!#": Pure 'oods to &a Pure 'oods to &a

•

• P2.= m E enneern ser;esP2.= m E enneern ser;es •

• F14 and P900 E te ontrator?s mar-u& F14 and P900 E te ontrator?s mar-u& on nstaaton or,on nstaaton or, •

• Attorne?s 3ees eu;aent to tent &erent 20> o3 te tota Attorne?s 3ees eu;aent to tent &erent 20> o3 te tota amount due,amount due, •

• )ora damaes o3 )ora damaes o3 P1,000,000P1,000,000.00.00 •

• "em&ar damaes o3 "em&ar damaes o3 P1,000,000.0P1,000,000.00.0. •

2

2

 _{semester, A.Y. 2014-2015}

 _{semester, A.Y. 2014-2015}

+eriod of Acce(tance – Article 1328

!ance< vs :iegos !ance< vs :iegos G.R. No. *-25494 G.R. No. *-25494 Ponente: %.J. %one&on Ponente: %.J. %one&on Date: June 14, 19@2 Date: June 14, 19@2 Pant33-A&&eee

Pant33-A&&eee: : N!%*A$ $AN%H"KN!%*A$ $AN%H"K De3endant

De3endant-A&&eant: $"#"R!NA -A&&eant: $"#"R!NA R!G$R!G$ FAC!%

FAC!% 1.

1. n A&r =, 1961, $aneL and Ros eeuted an n A&r =, 1961, $aneL and Ros eeuted an &ton to Puras&ton to Puras

•

• Ros to se a and n te <arros o3 A<ar and $<ot, $an Jose, Nue;a "Ba, 3orRos to se a and n te <arros o3 A<ar and $<ot, $an Jose, Nue;a "Ba, 3or

P1,510 P1,510

•

• &ton sa <e deemed termnated and ea&sed 3 $aneL 3as to <u ts&ton sa <e deemed termnated and ea&sed 3 $aneL 3as to <u ts

 tn 2 ears A&  tn 2 ears A&r =, 196=r =, 196= 2.

2. $aneL made se;era tenders o3 o3 &ament amountn to P1,510 <ut ere reBeted$aneL made se;era tenders o3 o3 &ament amountn to P1,510 <ut ere reBeted < Reos.

< Reos.

•

• n )ar 2, 196=, $aneL onsnated te amount and 3e an aton aanstn )ar 2, 196=, $aneL onsnated te amount and 3e an aton aanst

er 3or s&e3 &er3ormane and damaes. er 3or s&e3 &er3ormane and damaes. 3.

3. Ros? De3enseRos? De3ense

•

• (at ontrat s a (at ontrat s a unatera &romse to se, and unatera &romse to se, and te same <en unsu&&orted <te same <en unsu&&orted <

an ;aua<e onsderaton, ene, nu and ;od. an ;aua<e onsderaton, ene, nu and ;od. 4.

4. *oer %ourt E n 3a;or *oer %ourt E n 3a;or o3 $aneLo3 $aneL

•

• Reed on Arte 1=54Reed on Arte 1=54 •

• Ros to ae&t te onsned amount and to Ros to ae&t te onsned amount and to eeute te deed o3 on;eane.eeute te deed o3 on;eane. •

• Ros to &a attorne?s 3ees o3 Ros to &a attorne?s 3ees o3 P200P200

"!!#$1% &O' te contract is a contract to b9 and sell5 or merel9 an o(tion to b957 "!!#$1% &O' te contract is a contract to b9 and sell5 or merel9 an o(tion to b957 $aneL?s arument:

$aneL?s arument:

•

• Ros as ommtted to se e e saneL as ommtted to <u te and.Ros as ommtted to se e e saneL as ommtted to <u te and. •

• (e &romse s re&roa (e &romse s re&roa demanda<e under 1demanda<e under 1stst &arara& o3 Arte 14@9 &arara& o3 Arte 14@9

-$.D 1% ,erel9

-$.D 1% ,erel9 an o(tion to b90an o(tion to b90 1.

1. As seen n ter ontrat entted - &ton to PurasAs seen n ter ontrat entted - &ton to Puras 2.

2. HenHene, te e, te o&too&ton n dd not dd not m&om&ose se to $aneL te o<atoto $aneL te o<aton n to &urasto &urase e RoRos?s? &ro&ert.

&ro&ert. 3.

3. Hoe;erHoe;er, tere s , tere s no onsderaton dstnt 3rom te &re 3or no onsderaton dstnt 3rom te &re 3or te sae o3 and.te sae o3 and. "!!#$2% &at is te a((licable article – 18=> or 13?87

"!!#$2% &at is te a((licable article – 18=> or 13?87

AR(. 14@9. A &romse to <u and se a determnate tn 3or a &re ertan s re&roa AR(. 14@9. A &romse to <u and se a determnate tn 3or a &re ertan s re&roa demanda<e.

demanda<e.

An ae&ted unatera &romse to <u or to se a determnate tn 3or a &re ertan s <ndn An ae&ted unatera &romse to <u or to se a determnate tn 3or a &re ertan s <ndn u&on te &romssor 3 te &romse s su&&orted < a onsderaton dstnt 3rom te &re. u&on te &romssor 3 te &romse s su&&orted < a onsderaton dstnt 3rom te &re.

Art. 1=54. Atou te ause s not stated n te ontrat, t s &resumed tat t ests and s Art. 1=54. Atou te ause s not stated n te ontrat, t s &resumed tat t ests and s a3u, uness te

a3u, uness te de<tor &ro;es te ontrar.de<tor &ro;es te ontrar. -$.D2% Article 18=> @2

-$.D2% Article 18=> @2 1.

1. Arte 1=54 a&&es to ontrats n enera e te 2Arte 1=54 a&&es to ontrats n enera e te 2ndnd _{&arara& o3 Arte 1=54 &arara& o3 Arte 1=54}

re3ers more to saes and to an an ae&ted unatera &romse to <u or to se. re3ers more to saes and to an an ae&ted unatera &romse to <u or to se. "!!#$3% &O' te contract is binding (on te (romisor @:iegos7

"!!#$3% &O' te contract is binding (on te (romisor @:iegos7 -$.D3% /$! it is binding (on :iegos0

-$.D3% /$! it is binding (on :iegos0

Art. 1=24. 7en te o33erer as aoed te o33eree a ertan &erod to ae&t, te o33er ma <e Art. 1=24. 7en te o33erer as aoed te o33eree a ertan &erod to ae&t, te o33er ma <e  tdran at an

 tdran at an tme <e3ore ae&tane tme <e3ore ae&tane < ommunatn su < ommunatn su tdraa, ee&t en tetdraa, ee&t en te o&ton s 3ounded u&on a onsderaton, as sometn &ad or

o&ton s 3ounded u&on a onsderaton, as sometn &ad or &romsed&romsed 1.

1. (ere s no dstnton <eteen Arte 1=24 and 14@9 E (ere s no dstnton <eteen Arte 1=24 and 14@9 E reone tem.reone tem. 2.

2. !n ts !n ts asease, , te o&ton as tout onsdete o&ton as tout onsderatoraton n and as and as aeae&ted <e3ore te&ted <e3ore te  tdraa.

 tdraa. 3.

3. (e &romse as an o&ton , atou not <ndn as a ontrat n tse3 due to (e &romse as an o&ton , atou not <ndn as a ontrat n tse3 due to aa o3 a se&arate onsderaton, ne;erteess enerated a <atera ontrat o3 &urase o3 a se&arate onsderaton, ne;erteess enerated a <atera ontrat o3 &urase and sae u&on

and sae u&on ae&tane.ae&tane. 4.

4. (s s smar to (s s smar to a mere o33er o3 ontrat o3 sae,  s not <ndn unt ae&ted. !3a mere o33er o3 ontrat o3 sae,  s not <ndn unt ae&ted. !3 ae&tane s made <e3ore tdraa, t s

ae&tane s made <e3ore tdraa, t s <ndn.<ndn. 5.

5. !ince tere ma9 be no valid contract *itot a case or consideration te!ince tere ma9 be no valid contract *itot a case or consideration te (romi

(romisor is sor is not bond b9 not bond b9 is (romise and is (romise and ma9ma9  accordaccordingl9ingl9  *itd*itdra* it0ra* it0 +ending notice of its *itdra*al is acce(ted (romise (artaes o*ever of te +ending notice of its *itdra*al is acce(ted (romise (artaes o*ever of te natre of an

natre of an offer to sell offer to sell *ic*ic if  if acce(teacce(ted reslts in d reslts in a (erfected contract ofa (erfected contract of sale0

sale0 N("$: N("$:

•

• Ameran autortes state tat one an o33er s ae&ted, t annot <e tdranAmeran autortes state tat one an o33er s ae&ted, t annot <e tdran

reardess o3 te estene o3 onsderaton. (s s not a&&ed n our Bursdton reardess o3 te estene o3 onsderaton. (s s not a&&ed n our Bursdton <eause te a s ear, ene, t

<eause te a s ear, ene, t must <e a&&ed, uness amended < %onress.must <e a&&ed, uness amended < %onress.

!outhwestern !ugar $ olasses

22

 semester, A.Y. 2014-2015

 semester, A.Y. 2014-2015

• (e o&ton an st <e tdran, e;en 3 ae&ted, 3 te same s not su&&orted <(e o&ton an st <e tdran, e;en 3 ae&ted, 3 te same s not su&&orted <

an onsderaton. an onsderaton.

•

• Arte 1=24 <ut ts s mod3ed < [email protected]e 1=24 <ut ts s mod3ed < 14@9.

ices of Consent – 133 – 13860 ices of Consent – 133 – 13860

-eirs of &illiam !evilla vs .eo(oldo -eirs of &illiam !evilla vs .eo(oldo G.R. No. 1501@9

G.R. No. 1501@9 Date: A&r =0, 200= Date: A&r =0, 200= Ponente: J.

Ponente: J. Ynares-$antaoYnares-$antao Pettoners:

Pettoners:

•

• Hers o3 7am $e;aHers o3 7am $e;a ◦

◦ 73redo $e;a73redo $e;a ◦

◦ 7son $e;a7son $e;a ◦

◦ 7am $e;a7am $e;a ◦

◦ 7nton $e;a7nton $e;a ◦

◦ 7am $e;a Jr,7am $e;a Jr, •

• Hers o3 )ara $e;aHers o3 )ara $e;a ◦

◦ Amador $e;aAmador $e;a ◦

◦ Jeno %ortesJeno %ortes ◦

◦ )are %ortes)are %ortes ◦

◦ Aee %ortes andAee %ortes and ◦

◦ AnBe %ortesAnBe %ortes

Res&ondents: Res&ondents:

•

• *eo&odo $e;a*eo&odo $e;a •

• Peter $e;aPeter $e;a •

• *uL;a $e;a*uL;a $e;a

FAC! FAC! 1.

1. 'omena Amro de $e;a ded ntestate ea;n 8 dren 'omena Amro de $e;a ded ntestate ea;n 8 dren &illiam ,aria Jimm9&illiam ,aria Jimm9,, 'e&e, Rosa and Peter, *eo&odo, *uL;a a

'e&e, Rosa and Peter, *eo&odo, *uL;a a surnamed $e;asurnamed $e;a

•

• 7am, Jmm and )ara are no deeased and sur;;ed < ter 3am.7am, Jmm and )ara are no deeased and sur;;ed < ter 3am.

2.

2. 'omena e3t te 3oon 4 &ro&ertes'omena e3t te 3oon 4 &ro&ertes

◦

◦ Pare 1: Genera *una $t., D&oo Pare 1: Genera *una $t., D&oo %t P=1,=60%t P=1,=60 ▪

▪ 7t ommera <udn7t ommera <udn ▪

▪ Para&erna &ro&ert o3 'omena  se o-oned t er sstersPara&erna &ro&ert o3 'omena  se o-oned t er ssters

Honorato and 'esa E <ot sne Honorato and 'esa E <ot sne

◦

◦ Pare 2: nan, D&oo %t Pare 2: nan, D&oo %t P5,890P5,890 ▪

▪ %onBua &ro&ert t er ate us<and E Andres no &ro<%onBua &ro&ert t er ate us<and E Andres no &ro< ◦

◦ Pare =: )asasa $treet, D&oo %t Pare =: )asasa $treet, D&oo %t P12,8@0P12,8@0 ▪

▪ %onBua &ro&ert t er ate us<and E Andres no &ro<%onBua &ro&ert t er ate us<and E Andres no &ro< ◦

◦ Pare 4: $ta. 'omena, D&oo %t Pare 4: $ta. 'omena, D&oo %t P=,150P=,150 ▪

▪ %onBua &ro&ert t er ate us<and E Andres no &ro<%onBua &ro&ert t er ate us<and E Andres no &ro<

3.

3. 'esa and Honorato ;ed n 'omena?s 'esa and Honorato ;ed n 'omena?s ouse t ter ne&e *eo&odo and souse t ter ne&e *eo&odo and s 3am. *eo&odo attend

3am. *eo&odo attended to te needs o3 ed to te needs o3 s moter, 'omena, and s 2 s moter, 'omena, and s 2 aunts.aunts. 4.

4. Honorato ded and 1C= o3 er sare ent Honorato ded and 1C= o3 er sare ent to 'esa and te ers to 'esa and te ers o3 'omena.o3 'omena. 5.

5. 'esa and Peter adBudated te 1C= sare o3 'esa and Peter adBudated te 1C= sare o3 Honorato te ers o3 'omena and toHonorato te ers o3 'omena and to 'esa ;a an etra Buda &artton.

'esa ;a an etra Buda &artton. 6.

6. Res&ondenRes&ondents o<taned a aneaton o3 (%( and ts o<taned a aneaton o3 (%( and ts ssuane n ts ssuane n te name o3 'esate name o3 'esa and te ers o3 'omena. /ut

and te ers o3 'omena. /ut tese ere e3t unsned &endn Peter?s su<msson o3tese ere e3t unsned &endn Peter?s su<msson o3 an $PA  autorLed m to re&resent te oter ers o3

an $PA  autorLed m to re&resent te oter ers o3 'omena.'omena. 7.

7. 'esa donated to *eo&odo M o3 er sare n Pare 1 and en se ded, er ast 'esa donated to *eo&odo M o3 er sare n Pare 1 and en se ded, er ast   as e33ete

 as e33eted E M sare o3 d E M sare o3 er sare n Pare 1 er sare n Pare 1 to te *eo&to te *eo&odo s&ousesodo s&ouses 8.

8. (e ers o3 te = deeased t 'e&e and Rosa 3ed a om&ant to annu te deed(e ers o3 te = deeased t 'e&e and Rosa 3ed a om&ant to annu te deed o3 donaton and etra Buda &artton.

o3 donaton and etra Buda &artton. a)

a) Deed o3 donaton s tanted t 3raudDeed o3 donaton s tanted t 3raud

•

• 'esa as 81 and serous  and unsound mnd durn tat tme'esa as 81 and serous  and unsound mnd durn tat tme

 b)

 b) Deed o3 etra-Buda &artton s ;odDeed o3 etra-Buda &artton s ;od

•

• "euted tout ter noede and "euted tout ter noede and onsent.onsent.

9.

9. Res&ondenRes&ondent?s Re& t?s Re& E #A*!DE #A*!D

•

• No 3raud and 'esa as o3 sound mnd.No 3raud and 'esa as o3 sound mnd. •

• $e 3ree dd tat <eause o3 o;e and *eo&odo?s ser;e n te &ast$e 3ree dd tat <eause o3 o;e and *eo&odo?s ser;e n te &ast

10.

10. R(%?s DeR(%?s Deson E Deed son E Deed o3 Donatoo3 Donaton ;ad <ut n ;ad <ut "tra-Buda &artton "tra-Buda &artton unen3orea<eunen3orea<e 111.1. /o/ot at a&&&&eaeaeedd

•

• Pettoners E (e Deed o3 donaton s Pettoners E (e Deed o3 donaton s n;adn;ad •

• Res&ondents E (e etra-Buda &artton Res&ondents E (e etra-Buda &artton s en3orea<es en3orea<e

12.

12. %A?s %A?s DeDeson E son E R(% R(% a33a33rmedrmedin totoin toto

"!!#$1% &O' te deed of donation e)ected b9 Felisa to .eo(oldo is invalid for being "!!#$1% &O' te deed of donation e)ected b9 Felisa to .eo(oldo is invalid for being e)ected *it frad nde (ressre and inflence7

e)ected *it frad nde (ressre and inflence7

-$.D1% A."D0 Frad nde (ressre and inflence is not (resent0 -$.D1% A."D0 Frad nde (ressre and inflence is not (resent0 +rece(ts

+rece(ts

•

• Donaton s an at o3 <erat ere< a &erson ds&oses ratutous o3 a tn orDonaton s an at o3 <erat ere< a &erson ds&oses ratutous o3 a tn or

rt n 3a;or o3 anoter o ae&ts t. rt n 3a;or o3 anoter o ae&ts t.

•

• +nder Arte @=@ o3 te %; +nder Arte @=@ o3 te %; %ode, te donors a&at sa <e %ode, te donors a&at sa <e determned as o3 tedetermned as o3 te

tme o3 te man

tme o3 te man o3 te donaton.o3 te donaton.

•

• An areement o3 te &artes s An areement o3 te &artes s essenta, and te attendane o3 a ;e essenta, and te attendane o3 a ;e o3 onsento3 onsent

renders te donaton ;oda<e. renders te donaton ;oda<e. +resent +ro(ert9

+resent +ro(ert9

•

• Durn te eeuton o3 donaton, 'esa as aread te Durn te eeuton o3 donaton, 'esa as aread te oner o3 Pare 1oner o3 Pare 1 ◦

2

2

 _{semester, A.Y. 2014-2015}

 _{semester, A.Y. 2014-2015}

•

• (s s a &resent &ro&ert  se an ;ad ds&ose o3.(s s a &resent &ro&ert  se an ;ad ds&ose o3.

On Frad On Frad 1.

1. (er(ere s 3raud e s 3raud en, troen, trou te nu te nsdosdous ords or maus ords or mananatons o3 ontons o3 one o3 tee o3 te ontratn &artes, te oter s ndued to enter

ontratn &artes, te oter s ndued to enter nto a ontrat , tout tem,nto a ontrat , tout tem, e oud not a;e areed to. (ere s

e oud not a;e areed to. (ere s undue n3uene en a &erson taes m&ro&erundue n3uene en a &erson taes m&ro&er ad;antae o3 s &oer o;er te 

ad;antae o3 s &oer o;er te  o3 anoter, de&r;n te atter o3 a reasona<eo3 anoter, de&r;n te atter o3 a reasona<e 3reedom o3 oe. (e 3oon rumstanes sa <e

3reedom o3 oe. (e 3oon rumstanes sa <e onsdered: te on3denta,onsdered: te on3denta, 3am, s&rtua and oter reatons <eteen te &artes, or te 3at

3am, s&rtua and oter reatons <eteen te &artes, or te 3at tat te &ersontat te &erson aeed to a;e <een undu n3uened as su33ern 3rom menta

aeed to a;e <een undu n3uened as su33ern 3rom menta eaness, or aseaness, or as norant or n 3nana dstress.

norant or n 3nana dstress. 2.

2. Ei incumbit probatio %ui dicit, non %ui negat Ei incumbit probatio %ui dicit, non %ui negat . He o asserts, not e o denes, must. He o asserts, not e o denes, must &ro;e. !3 te one o asserts 3a

&ro;e. !3 te one o asserts 3a to su33ent &ro;e, ten de3endant s not o<ed toto su33ent &ro;e, ten de3endant s not o<ed to assert a de3ense.

assert a de3ense. =.

=. 'at'atua 3nua 3ndndns o3 R(%s o3 R(%, more so 3 a3, more so 3 a33rme3rmed < %A, s resd < %A, s res&et&eted. (ed. (s ma <e ses ma <e sett asde n ee&tona rumstanes, <ut none s

asde n ee&tona rumstanes, <ut none s &resent sne 3raud or n3uene s &resent sne 3raud or n3uene s notnot &resent n te 3oon aeatons o3 te

&resent n te 3oon aeatons o3 te &ettoner:&ettoner: a

a 'es'esa ;ed t *a ;ed t *eo&oeo&odo and se do and se as <en suas <en su&&or&&orted out oted out o3 te rent3 te rentasas der;ed 3rom te <udn onstruted on te 

der;ed 3rom te <udn onstruted on te  and  as a ommon and  as a ommon 3und.3und. <

< $e a$e as 82 ears 82 ears od es od en e aon e aom&anm&aned er 3ed er 3or te &or te &ur&osur&ose o3 eee o3 eeutnutn er ast  and testament .

er ast  and testament . 

 (at n s(at n sad asad ast , se t , se ad dead de;sed n 3a;sed n 3a;or o3 re;or o3 res&ons&ondent *dent *eo&oeo&odo M o3 tedo M o3 te and <ut e as not ontented and onsuted a aer as to o e  <e a<e and <ut e as not ontented and onsuted a aer as to o e  <e a<e to on te and mmedateO

to on te and mmedateO d

d (at u&(at u&on eton ettn te atn te ad;e o3 td;e o3 te %er o3 %oe %er o3 %ourt o3 R(urt o3 R(% Kam<o% Kam<oanaana, se, se eeuted a Deed o3 Donaton

eeuted a Deed o3 Donaton e

e (at at t(at at te tme o3 te ee tme o3 te eeuteuton o3 te Deon o3 te Deed o3 Donaed o3 Donaton, Paton, Pare 1 as not ere 1 as not ett &arttoned.

&arttoned. 3

3 *eo&*eo&odoodo, Peter a, Peter and 'end 'esa ere tsa ere te one on ones  ones o eeuo eeuted te Dted te Deed o3 "eed o3 "tra- tra- Buda Partton. He d;d

 Buda Partton. He d;ded &are 1 nto ed &are 1 nto 2 ots, M 3or m and 2 ots, M 3or m and te oter ate oter a3 to3 to Peter and 'esa and mse3.

Peter and 'esa and mse3. 

 *eo&*eo&odo 3odo 3ed a &etted a &etton 3or ssuon 3or ssuane o3 tane o3 te orrese orres&ond&ondn ttn ttes 3or te to oes 3or te to ots,ts, <ut te Rester o3 Deeds o3

<ut te Rester o3 Deeds o3 D&oo %t re3used to ssue te D&oo %t re3used to ssue te orres&ondnorres&ondn ttes 3or te to

ttes 3or te to ots to res&ondent *eo&odo so tat u& to ots to res&ondent *eo&odo so tat u& to ts moment te tots moment te to tes ere e3t unsned <

tes ere e3t unsned < te Rester o3 Deeds.te Rester o3 Deeds. 4.

4. (es(ese are ;aue are ;aue E at ate E at ats o3 *eo&os o3 *eo&odo onsdo onsttutttuted 3raued 3raud and undd and undue n3uue n3uene anene andd on o tese ats ;tated te

on o tese ats ;tated te onsent o3 'esa.onsent o3 'esa. 5.

5. 'rau'raud and undd and undue n3uue n3uene tene tat ;taat ;tated a &artted a &art?s onse?s onsent must <e esnt must <e esta<ta<sed < 3used < 3u,, ear and on;nn e;dene, oterse, te atter?s &resumed onsent to te ear and on;nn e;dene, oterse, te atter?s &resumed onsent to te ontrat &re;as.

ontrat &re;as. 6.

6. AnAnaa, te nota, te notar &u< ter &u< test3st3ed tat e;ed tat e;en 3 'esa aen 3 'esa as od, se as od, se as o3 sound ms o3 sound mndnd and oud ta

and oud ta sens<.sens<.

"!!#$2% &O' te deed of $)tra4Edicial (artition is valid7 "!!#$2% &O' te deed of $)tra4Edicial (artition is valid7 -$.D2% 'o it is void

-$.D2% 'o it is voidab initioab initioand not Est nenforceableand not Est nenforceable..

1.

1. ne o3 tne o3 te reuse reustes o3 a ontes o3 a ontrat s ontrat s onsentsent, and ons, and onsent &reent &resu&&su&&oses eoses eaa a&at.

a&at. 2.

2. (us(us, tere s sa, tere s sad to <e no onsed to <e no onsent, annt, and onsed onseuentuent, no o, no ontrantrat en tet en te areement s entered nto < one n

areement s entered nto < one n <ea3 o3 anoter o as ne;er ;en <ea3 o3 anoter o as ne;er ;en mm autorLaton tere3or uness e as < a a

autorLaton tere3or uness e as < a a rt to re&resent te atterrt to re&resent te atter =.

=. 7en 'e7en 'esa eesa eeuted tuted ts &artts &artton, se on, se as no onas no oner te oner te oner o3 te M sne ser o3 te M sne see aread donated t to *eo&odo o ae&ted t E

aread donated t to *eo&odo o ae&ted t E su donaton s mmedatesu donaton s mmedate o&erat;e and 3na E and <eame te

o&erat;e and 3na E and <eame te a<soute oner.a<soute oner. 4.

4. 'es'esa dd not &osa dd not &ossess te asess te a&at&at to ;e on to ;e onsent to or eesent to or eeute tute te deed o3 &ae deed o3 &arttorttonn nasmu as se as neter te

nasmu as se as neter te oner o3 te and nor oner o3 te and nor te autorLed re&resentat;ete autorLed re&resentat;e o3 *eo&odo.

o3 *eo&odo. 5.

5. /ut t/ut ts dos does noes not a3t a33et t3et te ;ae ;adt dt o3 to3 te doe donatonaton.n. +arcel 1%

+arcel 1%

•

• M E *eo&odo due to M E *eo&odo due to donatondonaton •

• M E D;ded eua M E D;ded eua amon ers o3 'omena nudn *eo&odo.amon ers o3 'omena nudn *eo&odo.

'otes% 'otes%

•

22

 semester, A.Y. 2014-2015

 semester, A.Y. 2014-2015

Contract of O(tion – Article 1328

Adelfa +ro(erties vs CA Adelfa +ro(erties vs CA G.R. No. 1112=8 G.R. No. 1112=8 Date: Januar 25, 1995 Date: Januar 25, 1995 Ponente: Ponente: Pettoner: AD"*'A PRP"R(!"$ !N%. Pettoner: AD"*'A PRP"R(!"$ !N%. Res&onden

Res&ondents: %A, ts: %A, R$AR! J!)"N"K-%A$(AN"DA and $A*+D J!)"N"KR$AR! J!)"N"K-%A$(AN"DA and $A*+D J!)"N"K FAC!

FAC! 1.

1. (e res(e res&ond&ondents and tents and ter <roer <roterters Jose and Ds Jose and Domnaomnador erdor ere te o-oe te o-onerners o3 as o3 a and n /arro %uas, *as Pnas, )etro )ana 1@,@10 s.m

and n /arro %uas, *as Pnas, )etro )ana 1@,@10 s.m 2.

2. Jose anJose and Domnd Domnador soador sod ter sad ter sares res  ons onssts o3 M to ADsts o3 M to AD"*'"*'A &ro&A &ro&erteertess =.

=. A %oA %on3rman3rmator "ttor "traBudraBuda Para Parttontton as eeu as eeuted < te Jmted < te JmeneLeneLeses

•

• "astern Part: Jose and Domnador"astern Part: Jose and Domnador •

• 7estern Part: Rosaro and $aud7estern Part: Rosaro and $aud

4.

4. AdeAde3a e&3a e&resseressed ntd nterest erest n <un <un n te 7te 7esteestern &arn &artrt 5.

5. An An "us"us;e ;e &ton &ton to Puto Purasrase e as eas eeuteuted.ed.

•

• Pre: P2,806,150Pre: P2,806,150 •

• &ton mone: P50,000 ree;ed 3rom Ade3a redted as &arta &ament&ton mone: P50,000 ree;ed 3rom Ade3a redted as &arta &ament •

• Due: No;em<er =0, 1989Due: No;em<er =0, 1989 •

• De3aut: &ton s aneed and 50> o3 te o&ton s 3or3eted and 50>  <eDe3aut: &ton s aneed and 50> o3 te o&ton s 3or3eted and 50>  <e

returned u&on sae o3 te and to a = returned u&on sae o3 te and to a =rdrd _{&art. &art.}

6.

6. (e o(e oner?s oner?s o& o3 te tt& o3 te tte o3 $aud ae o3 $aud as ost and as res ost and as ressuessued. (s o&d. (s o& reman remaneded n &ossesson o3 Att. /ernardo res&ondent?s ounse unt

n &ossesson o3 Att. /ernardo res&ondent?s ounse unt turned o;er to Ade3a.turned o;er to Ade3a. @.

@. /e3o/e3ore Adere Ade3a as a<3a as a<e to &ae to &a, t ree;e, t ree;ed summond summons 3or a om&as 3or a om&ant 3ed < tnt 3ed < tee ne&es and nees o3 te JmeneLes 3or annument o3

ne&es and nees o3 te JmeneLes 3or annument o3 deed o3 sae n 3a;or deed o3 sae n 3a;or o3o3 Houseod %or&oraton and reo;er o3 oners&.

Houseod %or&oraton and reo;er o3 oners&. 8.

8. /ea/eause o3 tause o3 tat, Adet, Ade3a n3o3a n3ormed trmed te res&oe res&ondenndents and Jose ats and Jose and Domnd Domnadonador tat tr tat t  oud sus&en

 oud sus&end &ament o3 td &ament o3 te 3u &re and te 3u &re and tat te sette tat te sette te ase. Aso e ase. Aso tat ontat on No;em<er =0, atou a oda, Ade3a  at at our o33e unt

No;em<er =0, atou a oda, Ade3a  at at our o33e unt @&m.@&m. 9.

9. $au$aud re3used re3used Ade3d Ade3a?s sua?s suestoeston and assertn and asserts tat te sus&es tat te sus&enson o3 &anson o3 &amentment amounts to a o3 or

amounts to a o3 or o3 onor.o3 onor. 10.

10. Ade3a aused Ade3a aused te annotate annotaton o3 te ton o3 te o&ton ontrao&ton ontrat on te t on te ttes and tttes and te 1e 1stst _{sae o3 te sae o3 te}

"astern &orton. "astern &orton. 11.

11. Res&ondenRes&ondents sent 'rants sent 'ransa JmeneL to sa JmeneL to Att. Att. /ernardo as /ernardo as ade3a?s ounade3a?s ounse Ese E  erd to te

 erd to te tem tat te tem tat te ere anen te  ere anen te transaton.transaton.

•

• Att. /ernardo o33ered to &a te &urase &re &ro;ded tat te P500 <eAtt. /ernardo o33ered to &a te &urase &re &ro;ded tat te P500 <e

deduted E reBeted <

deduted E reBeted < res&ondents.res&ondents. 12.

12. (e ase (e ase ntated < ntated < te nete ne&es an&es and nees d nees ere dsmsseere dsmssed.d.

1=.

1=. n 'e<ruar 2n 'e<ruar 28, 1990, res&o8, 1990, res&ondents eeutendents eeuted a deed o3 od a deed o3 ondtona sae n 3a;ondtona sae n 3a;or o3r o3 "mene %ua.

"mene %ua.

•

• Pre: P=,029,250Pre: P=,029,250 ◦

◦ P1.5m as &ad on te same date e te <aane to <e &ad u&onP1.5m as &ad on te same date e te <aane to <e &ad u&on

trans3er o3 tte. trans3er o3 tte. 14.

14. Att. Att. /ernardo ro/ernardo rote tem n3ote tem n3ormn tat rmn tat sne te ase sne te ase as dsmssed, as dsmssed, te erete ere  n to &a te

 n to &a te &urase &re smuta&urase &re smutaneous t our neous t our eeuton o3 te eeuton o3 te deed o3deed o3 a<soute sae, <ut ts as nored.

a<soute sae, <ut ts as nored. 15.

15. Res&ondenRes&ondents sent a etter to ts sent a etter to Ade3a and enoseAde3a and enosed s te re3undd s te re3unded P25 o&ton &ed P25 o&ton &re.re. (e ten reuested tat te oner?s du&ate o& o3 te

(e ten reuested tat te oner?s du&ate o& o3 te ert3ate o3 tte o3 ert3ate o3 tte o3 $aud$aud <e returned to tem and Ade3a 3aed to do

<e returned to tem and Ade3a 3aed to do so.so. 16.

16. R(%R(%?s Des?s Deson E !n 3a;on E !n 3a;or o3 resor o3 res&ond&ondentsents

•

• $ne ts s $ne ts s an o&ton ontrat, te sus&enson o3 &ament as a an o&ton ontrat, te sus&enson o3 &ament as a ounter-o33eounter-o33err

  s tantamou

  s tantamount to reBeton o3 nt to reBeton o3 te o33erte o33er..

•

• Ade3a annot sus&end &ament sne te ase dd Ade3a annot sus&end &ament sne te ase dd not n;o;e te 7estern &artnot n;o;e te 7estern &art

<ut te "astern. <ut te "astern.

•

• "us;e &ton aneed"us;e &ton aneed •

• $ae to %ua ;ad$ae to %ua ;ad

1@.

1@. %A?s %A?s DeDeson E son E R(% R(% a33a33rmedrmed

•

• 'aure o3 &ettoner to &a 'aure o3 &ettoner to &a te &urase &re tn te &erod areed u&on aste &urase &re tn te &erod areed u&on as

tantamount to an eeton < &ettoner not to

tantamount to an eeton < &ettoner not to <u te &ro&ert<u te &ro&ert

•

• $us&enson o3 &ament onsttuted an m&oston o3 a $us&enson o3 &ament onsttuted an m&oston o3 a ondton  asondton  as

atua a ounter-o33er amountn to a reBeton o3 te atua a ounter-o33er amountn to a reBeton o3 te o&tono&ton

•

• %% 1590 on sus&enson o3 &aments a&&es on to a ontrat o3 sae or a%% 1590 on sus&enson o3 &aments a&&es on to a ontrat o3 sae or a

ontrat to se, <ut not to an o&ton ontrat  t o&ned as te nature o3 ontrat to se, <ut not to an o&ton ontrat  t o&ned as te nature o3 te doument su<Bet o3 te ase

te doument su<Bet o3 te ase at <ar.at <ar. "!!#$1% &O' tis *as a contract of sale or contract to sell "!!#$1% &O' tis *as a contract of sale or contract to sell -$.D1% Contract to sell0

-$.D1% Contract to sell0 C

Coonnttrraacct t tto o SSeellll CCoonnttrraacct t oof f SSaallee / areement te oners& s reser;ed n te

/ areement te oners& s reser;ed n te ;endor and s not to &ass unt te 3u &ament ;endor and s not to &ass unt te 3u &ament o3 te &re.

o3 te &re.

(e tte &asses to

(e tte &asses to te ;endee u&on tete ;endee u&on te de;er o3 te tn sod

de;er o3 te tn sod

(te s retaned < te ;endor unt te 3u (te s retaned < te ;endor unt te 3u &ament o3 te &re, su &ament <en &ament o3 te &re, su &ament <en aa &ost;e sus&ens;e ondton and 3aure o3 &ost;e sus&ens;e ondton and 3aure o3   s not a <

  s not a <rea <ut an e;erea <ut an e;ent tatnt tat &re;ents te o<aton o3 te ;endor to &re;ents te o<aton o3 te ;endor to on;eon;e tte 3rom <eomn e33et;e.

tte 3rom <eomn e33et;e.

#endor as ost and annot reo;er oners& #endor as ost and annot reo;er oners& unt and uness te ontrat s reso;ed or unt and uness te ontrat s reso;ed or resnded

resnded

Deed o3 sae s

Deed o3 sae s onsdered a<soute n nature ere tere s neter a onsdered a<soute n nature ere tere s neter a st&uaton n te deed tatst&uaton n te deed tat tte to te &ro&ert sod s reser;ed n te seer unt te 3u

tte to te &ro&ert sod s reser;ed n te seer unt te 3u &ament o3 te &re, nor one ;n&ament o3 te &re, nor one ;n te ;endor te rt to unatera reso;e te ontrat te moment te <uer 3as to &a tn a te ;endor te rt to unatera reso;e te ontrat te moment te <uer 3as to &a tn a 3ed &erod