PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN WITH CANDLE WAX IN BITUMEN MIX GRADE
1Akshay J,2Hemanth Kumar N, 3Akshay Kumar G, 4Chandan T
1Assistant Professor,Department of Civil Engineering, SCE Bengaluru.
2 Department of Civil Engineering, SCE Bengaluru.
3Department of Civil Engineering, SCE Bengaluru.
4 Department of Civil Engineering, SCE Bengaluru.
Abstract: Bitumen is obtained from the distillation of petroleum. It is basically a sticky type of black viscous liquid and is the semi-solid form of petroleum. It is found in natural deposits and sometime. The bitumen is used as a sort of binding agent throughout the world and its need is on increasing alarm. This study is basically based to modify bitumen by using candle wax, Various tests were being done in order to find out what will be the effect on the bitumen by adding smaller percentages of waxes. The modification was done and the results were being recorded with the Hot mix asphalt technologies. By adding waxes at various percentages like 1%,2%,3%,4% were being added to it at varying percentages with the bitumen. The results showed that by adding waxes on bitumen the viscosity is increased as the wax content is being decreased and by this the compaction temperature and their addition temperature was also decreased.
Index Terms – Candle wax, Bitumen.
CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
Bitumen is defined as a viscous liquid that constitutes the mineral oil, which possess a variety of hydrocarbons which will have a high or increased molecular weight and these hydrocarbons contain small proportions of oxygen, nitrogen and also of Sulphur. Additionally, it also has hydrocarbon derivatives which are being soluble in carbon Disulphide Bitumen is either black or it can be brown in Colors, according to its mode of derivation. It has good water proofing and adhesive that is the sticking properties. Candle wax is defined as a soft white material which is basically colorless in nature. It is being extracted from petroleum coal and then the mixing is being done. This mixing occurs having about 20 to 40 carbon atoms in it. The melting point of the wax is 37°C and the Boiling point is greater than 370°C. At room temperature it is generally hard in nature and when the temperature is being increased it starts to melt.
The term wax was firstly use in bee wax. But due to new technologies, it was made significant on various important issues like wax being applied to solids as well as on liquids.
1.1OBJECTIVE OF THE MODIFICATION OF BITUMEN MIX
To study the properties of the bitumen when added with small quantities of candle wax.
To analyse the effect on the softening properties of the bitumen.
To investigate on the strength parameters of the bitumen with the addition of the modifiers.
To study about whether the bituminous mix is sustainable or not.
To study about the economic and financial aspects that is being generated by the bitumen and the various mixes.
To evaluate about the effects on the environment.
1.2LITERATURE REVIEW
Sl no Paper title Author Description
1 Effect of partial substitution of candle wax in Bitumen.
S Minu R L Lija.
To reduce the quantity of bitumen used and replaced with pieces of candle. Bitumen grade is modified with the addition of various pieces of candle percent content.
2 Utilization of Candle Wax in Bitumen Pavement.
Tandel Foram, Patel Arsh and Patel Ankit.
The current interest in Energy saving asphalt production technique is great and several new processes have been developed to reduce the mixing and compaction temperature for Hot mix asphalt.
CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
Collection of Material
Selection of Material
Test on Material
Finalize of Material
Results and conclusion
2.1METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Testing on Aggregate.
1. Specific gravity test 2. Los Angeles abrasion test 3. Impact test
4. Crushing value test 5. Shape Test
Testing on Bitumen.
1. Bitumen penetration test 2. Softening point test 3. Ductility test 4. Viscosity test 5. Specific Gravity test
Testing on Bitumen mix grade.
1. Gradation of Aggregate 2. Marshall Stability test
CHAPTER 3:DATA ANALYSIS
3.1DATA OF TESTING OF AGGREGATE
TESTING OF
MATERIALS
SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
LOS ANGELES ABRASION TEST
IMPACT TEST CRUSHING VALUE TEST
FLAKINESS TEST
ELONGATION TEST
Requirement as per specification IS 2386:1963(R2016)
2.5-3 30% Max 27% Max 30% Max 30% Max 30%
Obtained values of aggregates
2.76 26% 16.5% 24.21% 15% 17%
TABLE 1SHOWING AGGREGATE TESTING VALUES
3.1DATA OF TESTING OF BITUMEN
3.1.1DATA OF TESTING OF BITUMEN WITHOUT REPLACEMENT OF CANDLE WAX
DESCRIPTIONOFTEST TESTRESULTS REQUIREMENTASPERIS:73-
2006 Bitumen penetration test
34 30-40
Softening point test
480C 45-550C
Ductility test
77 75(MINIMUM)
Viscosity test
45MINS 40MINS
Specific Gravity test
1.034 0.99
TABLE 2SHOWING BITUMEN TESTING VALUES
3.1.2 Data of testing of bitumen with replacement of candle wax
Wax Content in Bitumen
DESCRIPTIONOFTEST 4.5% 5% 5.5%
Bitumen penetration test 35 34 36
Softening point test 52 55 65
Ductility test 76 100 74
Viscosity test 46 51 54
TABLE 3SHOWING BITUMEN TESTING VALUES WITH REPLACEMENT OF CANDLE WAX
FIGURE 1 SHOWING GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF VARYING WAX CONTENT IN BITUMEN WITH RESPECT TO VARIOUS TEST ON BITUMEN
3.2DATA OF GRADATION OF AGGREGATES AS PER SPECIFICATION
I.S SIEVE (MM) WEIGHT RETAINED (G)
CUMULATIVE WEIGHT
RETAINED (G)
CUMULATIVE%
RETAINED
CUMULATIVE
% FINER
19 - - - 100
12.5 270 270 9 91
10 360 630 21 79
4.75 600 1230 41 59
2.36 300 1530 51 49
1.18 300 1830 61 39
0.6 330 2160 72 28
0.3 300 2430 81 19
0.15 300 2730 91 9
0.075 150 2880 96 4
TABLE 4SHOWING GRADATION OF AGGREGATE AS PER SPECIFICATION 10
15 20 25 30 35 40
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Penetration values
Wax content in Bitumen Penetration Test
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Temp
wax content in bitumen Softening Point Test
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Ductility values in mm
Wax content in bitumen Ductility Test
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
time in min
Wax content in bitumen Viscosity Test
3.3DATA OF MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
Candle Wax Content in Bitumen (%)
Marshall Stability Value (KN)
Flow Value (mm)
Bulk Density of the Mix (g/cc)
Total Air Voids V v %
Voids in
Mineral Aggregate (VMA)
Voids Filled With Bitumen (VFB)
4.5 5.3 3.6 2.21 4.8 6.6 72.72
5 4.04 4.53 2.33 4.39 6.345 68.22
5.5 4.38 5.31 2.3 4.5 6.75 66.66
TABLE 5SHOWING THE DATA OF MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
FIGURE 2 SHOWING GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF VARYING WAX CONTENT IN BITUMEN WITH RESPECT TO MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Flow Value (mm)
Wax Content in Bitumen mix
4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Air Voids Vv%
Wax content in Bitumen Mix
66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Voids fiiled with Bitumen
Wax content in Bitumen Mix 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Marshall stability value (KN)
Wax Content in Bitumen mix
2.2 2.25 2.3 2.35
4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Bulk desnity g/cc
Wax Content in Bitumen mix
CHAPTER 4:RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
From desired results obtained from conducting experiment bitumen mix with 5% wax is best for pavement because all properties including resulting characteristics, shows best result at this quantity of wax and also it is good from economics point of view.
The addition of wax exactly 5% will produce ductility in bitumen that will not flush or bleed when subjected to incremental changes in temperature, thus performing better than the unmodified bitumen.
The Bituminous mix with 5% of wax shows considerable improvement in various mechanical properties.
Natural wax in straight run bitumen today is low in content and of a type which should not be particularly harmful for binder Properties.
The most feared influence of wax in bitumen is the sudden decrease in viscosity due to the melting of wax, if should occur within a temperature range affecting the resistance to permanent deformation of binder and asphalt pavement.
Result and experience concerning some negative effects of wax in bitumen are based mainly on a laboratory studies on bitumen and bitumen mixtures and very few studies concerning effects of waxy Bitumen on pavement properties have reported.
For blown bitumen and wax modified bitumen in Road construction, the effects on bitumen may vary considerably.
REFERENCES:
1. Vijaya Sarathy R, Jose Ravindra raj B, Dinesh Kumar S, Analysis of Properties in Bitumen and Asphalt with Partial Replacement of Rubber Tyres May, 2015.
2. Tandel Foram, Patel Arsh and Patel Ankit, Utilization of Candle Wax in Bitumen Pavement, June 2016.
3. S Minu, R L Lija, Effect of partial substitution of candle wax in Bitumen.
4. Gosia Chirag Kumar Prahaladpuri, Srinath Karli, A Review on Wax Material for Enhancing Properties of Bitumen April 2019.
