Chapter 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions
1) The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is said to function during "rest and digest."
A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor
2) The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following?
A) somatic division B) craniosacral division C) resting division
D) thoracolumbar division E) lumbosacral division
3) Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers.
B) visceral reflex responses.
C) motor neurons.
D) ganglionic neurons.
E) afferent neurons.
4) Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in A) the brain.
B) the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
C) the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
D) both the brainstem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
E) the cerebrum.
5) Ganglionic neurons innervate all of the following except A) smooth muscle.
B) cardiac muscle.
C) adipose tissue.
D) glands.
E) skeletal muscle.
6) The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state?
A) exertion B) trauma C) digestion D) stress E) exercise
7) A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)________ neuron.
A) upper motor B) lower motor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somatomotor
8) In which system are the ganglia in or near the target organ?
A) sympathetic division of the ANS B) parasympathetic division of the ANS C) somatic nervous system
D) afferent nervous system E) central nervous system
9) The parasympathetic division is also called the ________ division.
A) thoracolumbar B) craniosacral C) thoracocranial D) craniolumbar E) craniococcygeal
10) Which of the following is not controlled by the ANS?
A) skeletal muscle system B) cardiovascular system C) respiratory system D) digestive system E) urinary system
11) Visceral motor neuron nuclei are located in which part of the brain?
A) midbrain
B) primary motor cortex C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus E) cerebellum
12) Sympathetic postganglion fibers that innervate the small intestines originate from the A) inferior mesenteric ganglion.
B) cardiac plexus.
C) celiac ganglion.
D) sacral splanchnic nerves.
E) superior mesenteric ganglion.
13) Sympathetic nerves contain postganglionic fibers that innervate organs in which cavity?
A) thoracic B) pelvic C) abdominal D) cranial
E) abdominopelvic
14) Which is not a sympathetic ganglion?
A) celiac B) otic
C) inferior mesenteric D) superior mesenteric E) sacral chain
15) A pedestrian narrowly avoids being hit by an oncoming car. He notices that it takes a little while for his heart rate and respiratory rate to return to normal. This is likely because
A) the parasympathetic nervous system has become activated.
B) sympathetic activation of the adrenal medulla has released epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
C) the splanchnic nerves have become activated.
D) somatic motor neurons have increased the heart and respiratory rate.
E) the corticospinal pathway has become activated.
16) Sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and have ________ axons.
A) short; myelinated B) short; unmyelinated C) long; myelinated D) long; unmyelinated E) intermediate; small
17) In the sympathetic nervous system, where are the preganglionic neurons located?
A) cervical and sacral segments of the spinal cord B) sacral segments of the spinal cord
C) brain stem
D) thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord E) cerebellum
18) Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the A) lateral gray horns of the cervical cord.
B) anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord.
C) lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
D) anterior gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.
E) lateral gray horns of T1 to S2 of the spinal cord.
19) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons lying along either side of the spinal cord are called sympathetic ________ ganglia.
A) intramural B) collateral C) chain
D) paravertebral E) adrenal
20) Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia.
A) intramural D) paravertebral
B) colateral E) adrenal
C) chain
21) Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the A) heart.
B) pupils.
C) sweat glands.
D) digestive tract.
E) arrector pili muscles.
22) Damage to the ventral roots of the first five thoracic spinal nerves on the right side of the body would interfere with the ability to
A) dilate the right pupil.
B) constrict the right pupil.
C) dilate the left pupil.
D) constrict the left pupil.
E) smile and frown.
23) Postganglionic axons usually are A) myelinated.
B) unmyelinated.
C) larger than preganglionic fibers.
D) located in the brain.
E) located in the spinal cord.
24) Stimulation of the neurons in the celiac ganglion would lead to A) relaxation of the urinary sphincter.
B) increased heart rate.
C) conversion of liver glycogen reserves into glucose.
D) activation of ventral sweat glands.
E) increased gastric motility.
25) Collateral ganglia contain neurons that innervate tissues and organs in which cavity?
A) thoracic B) pelvic C) abdominal D) craniosacral E) abdominopelvic
26) Sympathetic nerves
A) provoke feelings of sympathy.
B) allow us to relax, rest, and recover.
C) contains short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers.
D) control swallowing.
E) stimulate gastric secretion.
27) Preganglionic fibers that innervate the collateral ganglia form the A) adrenal medulla.
B) celiac ganglia.
C) sympathetic chain ganglia.
D) inferior mesenteric ganglia.
E) splanchnic nerves.
28) Which of the following is not innervated by the celiac ganglia?
A) liver B) spleen C) stomach D) pancreas E) bladder
29) The adrenal medullae secrete A) medullin.
B) epinephrine.
C) norepinephrine.
D) renin.
E) both epinephrine and norepinephrine.
30) Specialized ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the
A) intramural ganglia.
B) collateral ganglia.
C) chain ganglia.
D) brain stem.
E) adrenal medullae.
31) Postganglionic fibers that innervate targets in the body wall or thoracic cavity originate on neurons within
A) intramural ganglia.
B) collateral ganglia.
C) sympathetic chain ganglia.
D) suprarenal ganglia.
E) white rami communicantes.
32) Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers except A) increased sweat secretion.
B) reduced circulation to the skin.
C) decreased heart rate.
D) dilation of the pupils.
E) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles.
33) Splanchnic nerves
A) originate from first-order neurons located in the upper five thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
B) innervate the viscera or internal organs.
C) control sympathetic function of structures in the thorax.
D) connect chain ganglia.
E) are formed of parasympathetic fibers.
34) Autonomic disorders would not cause A) excessive perspiration.
B) appetite.
C) sexual arousal.
D) problems in maintenance of blood pressure.
E) problems related to skeletal muscle function.
35) The celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia are collectively called ________ ganglia.
A) chain B) collateral C) intramural D) paravertebral E) terminal
36) The ________ nervous system stimulates the arrector pili muscles and gives you "goosebumps."
A) parasympathetic D) sympathetic
B) afferent E) somatic
C) dorsal
37) As the result of an accident, the white rami communicantes of spinal nerves T1 and T2 on the left side of Brad's body are severed. What organ(s) would you expect to be affected by this injury?
A) left pupil B) right pupil C) heart D) both pupils
E) left pupil and heart
Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway
Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:
38) Identify the structure labeled "1."
A) somatic motor neuron B) preganglionic neuron C) sensory neuron D) ganglionic neuron E) astrocyte
39) Identify the round structure labeled "3."
A) dorsal root ganglion B) spinal nerve
C) chain ganglion D) intramural ganglion E) rami communicantes
40) Identify the structure labeled "4."
A) preganglionic neuron
B) postganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerve C) preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerve D) collateral ganglion
E) white ramus communicans
41) Identify the structure labeled "2."
A) ventral root B) dorsal ramus C) spinal nerve D) ventral ramus
E) white ramus communicans
42) Identify the structure labeled "6."
A) somatic motor neuron B) preganglionic neuron C) sensory neuron D) ganglionic neuron E) astrocyte
43) Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure). Which of the following might help deal with his problem?
A) a drug that blocks alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle B) a drug that blocks alpha-2 receptors in adipose tissue C) a drug that increases cAMP levels in cardiac muscle tissue D) a drug that blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue
E) a drug that blocks alpha-1 receptors in smooth muscle and blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue
44) Drugs that have effects similar to those of sympathetic activation are called sympathomimetic drugs.
Which of the following would you not expect to observe in a person who has taken a sympathomimetic drug?
A) sweating
B) increased heart rate
C) dilation of respiratory passages D) decreased blood pressure E) increased blood sugar level
45) Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating A) constipation.
B) diarrhea.
C) excessive salivation.
D) excessive heart rate.
E) prostate disorders.
46) Sympathetic axon terminals form a branching network of swollen segments called
A) ganglia. D) nuclei.
B) receptors. E) bulbs
C) varicosities.
47) The majority of norepinephrine released by varicosities only briefly affects the target tissue because it is quickly reused or broken down by
A) monoamine oxidase.
B) acetylcholinesterase.
C) nitroxide.
D) decarboxylase.
E) catalase.
48) Which of the following is a sympathetic neurotransmitter used for vasodilation?
A) acetylcholine B) norepinephrine C) dopamine D) serotonin E) nitric oxide
49) Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in A) the decrease in ATP production.
B) increased heart rate and force of contraction.
C) decreased force of contraction.
D) slower heart rate.
E) inhibition of the heart muscle.
50) Regarding the sympathetic nervous system, the neurotransmitter ACh is
A) always excitatory when used in the synapses of the sympathetic nervous system.
B) broken down by COMT.
C) going to reduce the activity of the other neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
D) broken down by monoamine oxidase.
E) a chemical similar to the structure of adrenaline.
51) Which of the following statements is true?
The stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors can lead to 1. an increase in metabolic activity.
2. contraction of airway smooth muscle.
3. the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes.
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 1 and 3 E) 1, 2, and 3
52) An inhaler used to treat airway constriction in asthma or allergy might contain a drug that A) activates β1 adrenergic receptors.
B) activates β2 adrenergic receptors.
C) activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
D) blocks β2 adrenergic receptors.
E) activates β2 adrenergic receptors or activates muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
53) Most sympathetic effector junctions release norepinephrine but a significant number release acetylcholine instead. Which of these is an example of an organ of the cholinergic type?
A) the heart
B) a blood vessel in the skin C) a sweat gland
D) the liver
E) the salivary glands
54) A certain drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors.
A) nicotinic cholinergic B) muscarinic cholinergic C) alpha-1 adrenergic D) alpha-2 adrenergic E) beta-1 adrenergic
55) Drugs that stimulate alpha receptors, causing constriction of peripheral vessels, are A) sympathetic blocking agents.
B) sympathomimetic.
C) parasympathetic blocking agents.
D) parasympathomimetic.
E) autonomic blocking agents.
56) Sympathomimetic drugs might be used to A) decrease heart rate.
B) decrease blood pressure.
C) dilate airways.
D) increase gastric motility.
E) reduce blood sugar levels.
57) If the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane binds to norepinephrine, the synapse is called A) cholinergic.
B) anergic.
C) adrenergic.
D) synergic.
E) noradrenergic.
58) Disorders involving the vagus nerve might cause A) food to remain in your stomach longer.
B) a drop in blood pressure.
C) constriction of the pupils.
D) more saliva production.
E) increased sweating.
59) The statement "It initiates contraction of urinary bladder smooth muscle" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
60) Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons are present in all of the following cranial nerves except A) III.
B) VII.
C) IX.
D) X.
E) XII.
61) Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the ________ nerve(s).
A) splanchnic B) facial C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal E) trigeminal
62) Which of the following is not a parasympathetic ganglion?
A) ciliary
B) pterygopalatine C) submandibular D) otic
E) celiac
63) Parasympathetic functions include all of the following, except A) decrease in the rate of cardiac contraction.
B) constriction of the pupils.
C) dilation of the airways.
D) stimulation of urination.
E) stimulation of defecation.
64) Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?
A) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord.
B) Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors.
C) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
D) The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division.
65) Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers leave the CNS in all of the following locations except A) the midbrain.
B) the pons.
C) the medulla oblongata.
D) spinal segments T1-L2.
E) spinal segments S2-S4.
66) Preganglionic fibers from the sacral segments of the spinal cord form the ________ nerve(s).
A) pelvic B) splanchnic C) celiac D) sympathetic E) mesenteric
67) Parasympathetic stimulation A) increases heart rate.
B) increases gastric motility.
C) causes sweat glands to secrete.
D) causes blood vessels in the skin to dilate.
E) causes the pupils to dilate.
68) Intramural ganglia in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs are innervated by the ________
nerves.
A) spinal B) splanchnic C) chain D) pelvic E) collateral
69) Damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve would likely cause A) increase in heart rate.
B) problems in sexual arousal.
C) a reduction in saliva.
D) visual problems.
E) urine retention.
70) Parasympathetic ganglia that are near the eyes and salivary glands are called ________ ganglia.
A) somatic B) collateral C) contralateral D) intramural E) terminal
71) The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
72) Nicotinic receptors A) respond to epinephrine.
B) respond to norepinephrine.
C) open chemically-gated sodium ion channels.
D) can be either excitatory or inhibitory in function.
E) are found at synaptic junctions of the sympathetic nervous system.
73) Muscarinic receptors
A) are normally activated by acetylcholine.
B) are found mostly in autonomic ganglia.
C) always produce an excitatory response.
D) control sodium channels in the affected membrane.
E) are blocked by norepinephrine.
74) The statement "Preganglionic axon terminals release acetylcholine" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
75) Parasympathetic effects are localized and short-lived because A) muscarinic receptors are deactivated by norepinephrine.
B) acetylcholine is inactivated at the synapse by acetylcholinesterase.
C) norepinephrine hyperpolarizes the postganglionic membrane.
D) norepinephrine is inactivated at the synapse by monoamine oxidase.
E) epinephrine blocks the muscarinic receptors.
76) Nicotine poisoning differs from muscarine poisoning in that A) it causes vomiting.
B) it causes salivation.
C) it causes sweating.
D) it causes skeletal muscle convulsions.
E) it causes diarrhea.
77) Drugs that block nicotinic receptors would be A) sympathomimetic.
B) parasympathomimetic.
C) parasympathetic blocking agents.
D) sympathetic blocking agents.
E) autonomic blocking agents.
78) Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating A) heart failure.
B) high blood pressure.
C) urinary incontinence.
D) hyperactivity.
E) excessive sweating.
79) A doctor places drops in the eyes to dilate the pupils for an examination. The type of drug that is used is a(n) ________ drug.
1. sympathomimetic 2. parasympathomimetic 3. adrenergic activating 4. cholinergic activating A) 1, 2
B) 3 C) 4 D) 1, 3 E) 2, 4
80) Mary accidentally ate poisonous mushrooms that contain muscarine. You would expect to observe all of the following symptoms except
A) diarrhea.
B) salivation.
C) very fast heart rate.
D) sweating.
E) low blood pressure.
81) The ganglia located lateral to the vertebral column are part of the sympathetic A) chain.
B) tract.
C) decussation.
D) tubes.
E) canal.
82) Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the sympathetic division?
A) PNS ganglia are near the vertebral column.
B) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short.
C) Preganglionic neurons are located between T1 and L2 of the spinal cord.
D) The effects are not widespread but very specific and localized.
E) Postganglionic fibers are relatively long.
83) All parasympathetic neurons are A) adrenergic.
B) cholinergic.
C) nitroxidergic.
D) gamma-aminobutyric.
E) dopaminergic.
84) Which of the following is correctly matched?
A) sympathetic: short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers B) sympathetic: short preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers C) sympathetic: long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers D) parasympathetic: short preganglion and long postganglionic fibers E) parasympathetic: contains only preganglionic fibers
85) Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving A) two nerves from the spinal cord.
B) both autonomic and somatomotor nerves.
C) both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.
D) nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord.
E) both sensory and motor nerves.
86) The statement "It controls the diameter of the pupil" is A) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) true only for the sympathetic nervous system.
C) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
D) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.
E) true only for the somatic nervous system.
87) Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate the heart pass through the A) celiac plexus.
B) hypogastric plexus.
C) cardiac plexus.
D) sphenopalatine ganglia.
E) otic ganglia.
88) Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon A) sympathetic stimulation only.
B) parasympathetic stimulation only.
C) somatomotor stimulation only.
D) both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation.
E) sensory receptors sensitive to changes in lung ventilation.
89) Nerve networks that include both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that reach the same structure are called
A) somatic plexuses.
B) somatic ganglia.
C) autonomic plexuses.
D) autonomic ganglia.
E) central plexuses.
90) Descending branches of the vagus and splanchnic nerves travel through the ________ plexus.
A) cardiac B) pulmonary C) hypogastric D) esophageal E) celiac
91) Autonomic tone is an important aspect of ANS function because it A) allows ANS neurons to be silent under normal conditions.
B) allows ANS neurons to increase activity on demand but not decrease their activity.
C) allows ANS neurons to decrease their activity on demand but not increase their activity.
D) allows ANS neurons to increase or decrease their activity, providing a range of control options.
E) provides for a narrow range of control options that keeps target tissues constantly active.
92) A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in A) no change in vessel diameter.
B) a decrease in vessel diameter.
C) oscillation in vessel diameter.
D) a decrease in blood flow through the vessel.
E) an increase in blood flow through the vessel.
93) In general, autonomic tone of peripheral blood vessels increases when A) sympathetic stimulation is increased.
B) sympathetic stimulation is decreased.
C) parasympathetic stimulation is increased.
D) parasympathetic stimulation is decreased.
E) somatomotor stimulation is increased.
94) Most vital organs receive ________ innervation. That is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
A) single B) dual C) biaxial D) ambitonic E) autonomic
95) Which of the following is not true regarding visceral reflex arcs?
A) They are monosynaptic.
B) They have the same basic components as somatic reflexes.
C) Short visceral reflexes bypass the CNS.
D) They can be short or long reflexes.
E) The processing steps involve interneurons in the CNS.
96) Which of the following visceral reflexes is not coordinated by the medulla oblongata?
A) swallowing reflex B) vasomotor reflex C) coughing reflex
D) cardioacceleratory reflex E) pupillary reflex
97) Which of the following would be an example of higher-level control of autonomic function?
A) gagging on food that does not appeal to you B) a violent coughing attack in response to an irritant C) increased heart rate when you see a person you fear D) dilation of the pupils when you enter a dark room
E) increased salivation when you smell food that appeals to you
98) ________ reflexes perform the simplest functions of the autonomic nervous system.
A) Somatic B) Cranial C) Spinal D) Visceral E) Consensual
99) Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes.
A) short
B) intermediate C) long
D) hyper E) spinal
100) The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the A) cerebrum.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebellum.
D) pituitary gland.
E) hypothalamus.
101) Which of the following is essential for memory consolidation?
A) occipital lobe B) basal nuclei C) hippocampus D) insula
E) prefrontal lobe
102) Mechanisms involved in memory formation and storage involve all of the following except A) increased release of neurotransmitters.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) the formation of additional synaptic connections.
D) the formation of memory engrams.
E) facilitation at synapses.
103) Long-term memories that are with you for a lifetime are called ________ memories.
A) tertiary B) reflexive C) consolidated D) multilobar E) secondary
104) Most long-term memories are stored in the A) cerebellum.
B) hypothalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) pons.
E) thalamus.
105) For minor surgical procedures, Valium is typically given to patients to cause anterograde amnesia. This means the patient will temporarily
A) forget all fact memories such as the color of a stop sign.
B) forget skill memories like how to ride a bike.
C) forget long-term memories like their name.
D) forget memories from before surgery.
E) forget memories from during and immediately after surgery.
106) Blocking ________ receptors in the ________ prevents long-term memory formation.
A) serotonin; hypothalamus B) NMDA; hippocampus C) NMDA; midbrain D) serotonin; midbrain
E) norepinephrine; hippocampus
107) Which of the following is an inherited disease characterized by destruction of ACh-secreting and GABA-secreting neurons in the basal nuclei causing difficulty controlling movements?
A) schizophrenia B) Parkinson's disease C) Huntington's disease D) Alzheimer's disease E) senile dementia
108) Conversion of a short-term memory to a long-term memory is called A) memory conversion.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) memory programming.
D) memory consolidation.
E) memory engraving.
109) The conscious state is maintained by the A) prefrontal lobes.
B) general interpretive area.
C) limbic system.
D) reticular activating system.
E) nucleus gracilis.
110) Based on stimulation studies, the "headquarters" of the reticular activating system appears to be based in the
A) medulla.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) diencephalon.
E) cerebrum.
111) A state of unconsciousness in which an individual cannot be aroused even by strong stimuli is A) somnolence.
B) sleep.
C) stupor.
D) coma.
E) a chronic vegetative state.
112) The brain waves produced by normal adults while resting with their eyes closed are ________ waves.
A) alpha B) beta C) theta D) delta E) gamma
113) The regulation of awake-asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between brain stem nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is ________ and the other promoting deep sleep is ________.
A) acetylcholine; serotonin B) serotonin; norepinephrine C) norepinephrine; serotonin D) dopamine; GABA
E) glutamate; serotonin
114) During ________ sleep, dreaming occurs.
A) REM B) deep C) beta D) stage 1 E) stage 2
115) Hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD, function by A) stimulating receptors for norepinephrine.
B) blocking acetylcholine receptors.
C) increasing the production of GABA.
D) stimulating serotonin receptors.
E) mimicking the action of dopamine.
116) The inherited brain disorder Huntington's disease is caused by the destruction of basal nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. One neurotransmitter is ________ and the other is ________.
A) acetylcholine; serotonin B) serotonin; norepinephrine C) norepinephrine; serotonin D) acetylcholine; GABA E) glutamate; serotonin
117) What mental illness is often improved by drugs that block serotonin re-uptake?
A) agitation B) hallucinations C) depression D) Parkinson's E) Huntington's
118) An age-related decline in mental function characterized by difficulties with spatial orientation, memory, language, and personality is called
A) delirium agitans.
B) senile dementia.
C) persistent vegetative state.
D) somnolence of the aged.
E) progressive cerebral dysfunction.
119) Changes in the central nervous system that accompany aging include all of the following except A) reduction in brain size and weight.
B) decrease in the number of neurons.
C) decreased blood flow to the brain.
D) changes in synaptic organization in the brain.
E) increased memory storage.
120) Alzheimer's disease is characterized by all of the following except that it A) is the most common cause of senile dementia.
B) is characterized by a progressive loss of memory.
C) has a clear genetic basis.
D) is associated with the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
E) may be associated with damage to the nucleus basalis.
