Requirements Design Implementation. Software Architectures. Components Software Component Architecture. DSSA: Domain-Specific Software Architectures

Frameworks

1. Objectives ... 2

2. Frameworks... 3

3. Classification ... 3

4. Example: Components for Java (BC4J) ... 6

5. Existing Frameworks ... 9

6. Presistence Frameworks ... 11

7. Content Management System Frameworks ... 11

8. Cocoon Framework ... 12

2 1. Objectives

 A framework is not a library

 Components in a library have little, if any, interaction with each other (e.g., string, file, date, list).

 Each component can be independently added to an application.

 Building complex applications from scratch is very expensive.

 Where are we in the software life cycle?

Requirements Design Implementation …. Software

Architectures

Components Software Component Architecture DSSA: Domain-Specific Software

Architectures Frameworks Design Patterns Which Programming language?

2. Frameworks

 There are no hard and fast rules as to what constitutes a framework. In general, it should provide the skeleton of an application.

 A framework is a partially complete (sub-) system that is intended to be instantiated.

 It defines the architecture for a family of (sub-) systems and provides the basic building blocks to create them.

 It also defines the places where adaptations for specific functionality should be made.

 In an object-oriented environment a framework consists of abstract and concrete classes.

3. Classification

 There are two categories of frameworks: o Horizontal

o Vertical

 Horizontal framework:

o It is a more general framework and can be applied in several applications.

o Horizontal frameworks provide the most flexibility. o Example: GUI toolkits, Master/detail coordination.

 Vertical framework:

o It a more specific framework.

4 o Example:

 If you need to build an inventory control system, you might find that a precooked inventory framework is a good way to jump-start your development effort.

 A statistical analysis framework for economic data can only be applied to financial applications.

 There are three variables that can distinguish a vertical framework from a horizontal framework:

o The level of generality: The number of applications that can potentially use features in the framework

o The average portion of the framework that is used per application: The average utilization of the framework. For example, x percent of classes in a framework are in a typical application.

o The average portion of code in an application that is built from the framework

 Horizontal framework:

Portion of Application

Generality

 Vertical Framework:

Portion of Application

Generality

6 4. Example: Components for Java (BC4J)

http://technet.oracle.com/tech/java/jroadmap/bc4j/listing.htm

 What is BC4J?

o Oracle Business Components for Java (BC4J) is Oracle

JDeveloper's programming framework for building scalable, multi-tier database applications from reusable business

components.

o It is a 100%-Java, XML-powered framework that enables productive development, portable deployment, and flexible customization of multitier.

o BC4J Architecture:

 BC4J is the middle layer in a relational environment:

 Why BC4J?

o Why would you connect to a database using JDBC?

o Why would you use java.sql.* or SQLJ to interact with the database?

o Why would you create all the database tables manually?

Java Application

BC4J

 Different Types of BC4J Components o Application Module (AM)

 Provides a logical container for view objects, view links, and transactions

 Takes care of database connections  Takes care of row locking

o Entity Object (EO)

 Provides a wrapper for database structures

 Create an EO for each table, view, or stored procedure  EOs contain Attributes, corresponding to columns or

procedure parameters o View Object (VO)

 Hide the complexity of the database from the application  Uses SQL query to specify filtered subsets of data from one

or more EO

 VO Attributes correspond to EO Attributes

 Provide cached, navigable, modifiable result sets

 Provide runtime dynamic linking, sorting, and filtering o Association

 Defines the relationship between two entity objects. o View Link

 Defines the relationship between two view objects. Java Application VO VO … … VO VO AM BC4J EO EO … … EO EO Database

8

 A BC4J system

o An XML file, and possibly one or more JAVA files, represents each BC4J component

o The XML file stores metadata while the Java file stores the object's code that implements application-specific behavior. o The following figure shows the relationship between different

components in the BC4J framework at the runtime.

5. Existing Frameworks

 Examples of Existing Frameworks:

 Aranea  Apache Cocoon  Apache Struts  ATK - Achievo ToolKit  Biscuit  BinaryCloud  BlueShoes  CakePHP  Catalyst  Cocoon  Django  eZ publish  Fusebox  Helma  Horde  InternetBeans Express  JavaServerFaces  Jerrata Backbone  Jifty  Karrigell  Mach-II  Maypole  Millstone  OpenACS  OpenMocha  Ozone PHP Framework  PageKit  PHP on TRAX  PRADO  Pylons  Quixote  Radicore  RIFE  Ruby on Rails  Seagull  Seam  Spring  Stripes  Symfony  Tapestry  Trailes  TurboGears  web.py  WebObjects  WebWork  Wicket  Zend  Zope  ZK

 Java Web Application Frameworks o Struts Action

o Struts Shale

o Java Server Faces o WebWork

o Tapestry o Wicket o Cocoon o RIFE

10 o Seam o Spring o Stripes o Trails o InternetBeans Express

6. Presistence Frameworks

 Persistence Frameworks

o A persistence framework moves the program data in its most natural form (in memory objects) to and from a permanent data store the database.

o Persistence framework simplifies the development process. o The persistence framework manages the database and the

mapping between the database and the objects.

o There are many persistence framework (both Open Source and Commercial) in the market.

 Examples:

o Hibernate - widely used open-source persistence framework for Java.

o NHibernate for .Net languages

o iBatis - simple, uses SQL maps. Database schema not transparent to Java code.

o Entity Enterprise JavaBeans - uses EJB container services to perform persistence.

o Cayenne - Apache project, has GUI modeler that eliminates need to write xml files. Can reverse engineer database or generate database schema & Java code.

o TopLink (Oracle), o Torque (Apache DB)

o The Apache Gora open source framework provides an in-memory data model and persistence for big data

7. Content Management System Frameworks

 Systems that store and manage content (centralized or decentralized)

 Popular examples include: Joomla, Drupal, Apache Lenya (Based on Cocoon)

12

 A complete list can be found in

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_content_management_systems

8. Cocoon Framework

9. Summary

 Objectives

 Frameworks

 Classification