Developing renewable energy
cooperatives
Mak
Đ
ukan
UNDP Croatia
Environmental Governance Programme
Renewable energy cooperatives project
CONTENTS
1.
Renewable energy cooperatives project
2.
Methodology for developing a energy cooperative
Society
Environment
Economy
Why do we need
energy cooperatives?
Mickey mouse model
of sustainability
Why do we need
energy cooperatives?
Policymaking
The people
The people
Policymaking
Top down
“listen and do”
Bottom up
“just do it”
The
sindroms
NIMBY – Not in my back yard
BANANA – Build absolutely nothing anywhere near anything
PIBBY – Put in black’s back yard
Implemen'ng partners
Project partners
Renewable energy
cooperatives project
Renewable energy
cooperatives project
Manual on setting up energy cooperatives
in Croatia
Ten seminars on energy cooperatives in
different locations across Croatia
Project web site as a platform for
knowledge sharing and keeping
stakeholders up to date
Three pilot energy cooperatives
established and technical support
Like us !
Developing a biogas energy
cooperative: case study in Gundinci
municiplaity
Refference:
Đukan Mak, Energy cooperatives as a new model for renewable energy development in Croatia: investigation into Gundinci municiplaity, Trier University
of Applied Sciences, Institute for Applied Material Flow Management, Master of Engineering in Material Flow Management thesis, February 2013
Mentors: Prof. Peter Heck, Prof. Michael Knaus
External mentors: PhD Zoran Aralica, Institute of Economics Zagreb, [email protected]
Izvor: GreenTech Opportunities
How does a biogas
plant work?
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
What does it look like
in real life?
Gundinci
ü
2000 inhabitants
ü
50% to 70% development
compared to Croatian
average
ü
Animal husbandry
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Broj
!
ivotinja u Brodsko-posavskoj
!
upaniji (2001)
!
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Motivation # 1: Highest
number of animals in
County
A
Storage that is not in compliance
with the Nitrates directive
1)
Size of storage facility
2)
Water permeability
Motivation # 2:
Inefficient manure
management
B
Distance of water way
is 10 m
Environmental effects
1)
Local water contamination
2)
GHG emissions
3)
...
1 ton solid cattle manure
=
130 kWh ekv. in methane
=
90 days of non stop working
of 1 light bulb of 60 W
Motivation # 3:
Suitable sites for
Material Flow Analysis
source of biogas feedstock
Quantities, qualities and
Innovative-Cooperation
Capacity
The farmers capacity to
innovate and cooperate
Pre feasability study for
biogas plant
Financial indicators for
multiple scenarios
#1
#2
#3
System boundary:
what
resources
are
Data collection
43 face to face
structured interviews
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6.
Coverage rate
•
Basic
farm
data
•
Number
of
animals
•
Manure
management
practice
•
Land
under
cultivation
•
Availability
of
land
for
energy
crop
growth
Material
Flow
Analysis
•
Manure
management
quality
•
Investment
into
own
land
•
Development
of
number
of
animals
and
cultivated
land
area
over
time
•
Future
ambitions
Innovative
capacity
•
Willingness
to
:
•
Supply
the
biogas
plant
with
manure
•
Grow
energy
crop
•
Invest
jointly
into
the
biogas
plant
Cooperation
capacity
Questionnaire
structure
Farmers
total
biogas potential
Minus potential from farms
without
Capacity to Innovate
Minus potential from farms
without
Capacity to Cooperate
How much manure
there is in total?
Do the farmers have
the mental capacity to
innovate their manure
management ?
Do they see the
benefits of cooperation
and are they willing to?
Innovative-cooperation capacity
USE THIS TO
MODEL BIOGAS PLANT
kW installed
BIOGAS POTENTIAL
Volume of biogas from manure (and
availability of land for energy crops growth)
40%
INNOVATION CAPACITY
Culivated land and number of animals compared to last five years,
future ambitions, share of own land, manure management quality
30%
COOPERATION CAPACITY
Willingness to supply manure, grow energy crops and
invest with other farmers into a communal biogas plant
30%
Total
100%
Biogas partner
grading mechanism
Research results
!! Installed capacity of 650 kW !!
Electricity production from biogas – using the
surveyed manure and energy crop (ratio 8:2) – would
suffice for 156% of yearly electricity demand of
Economics: main
findings
•
Worst case scenario
IRR 11.34%, payback of 10.13 years
•
Best case scenario
IRR of 15.17%, payback of 8 years
•
Low sensitivity to changes in energy crop prices
Above the hurdle rate
of 8.6% = projects are
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Indikator kooperacije
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90% of farmers would provide manure,
46% grow energy crops and 70% invest
Energy coop
Energy cooperative Island Krk
ü
Zero Emission Strategy indicated to the need to incorporate citizens
ü
Energy cooperative with 19 founders
Ø
Komunalno poduze
ć
e, Eko Kvarner, City of Krk
Sending flyers to
locals – received 270
Obstacles in
Croatia
The obstacles
Top down
Lack of institutional
support
Inconsistency of local
and national government
Bad policies (quota on
solar energy)
Red tape
Bottom up
Negative connotation
with socialism
Lack of education and
skills at the local level
Lack of capacity to
self-organize
Risk averseness
Finance
Central and regional authority, ministries,
institutions that monitor cooperatives:
Legal framework
Financing programs and support
Regional federations (with different
services)
Regional coop organizations ( like
co-op banks)
National federation (with services
like consultancy, coop audit etc.)
National cooperative centres
Local cooperatives
Agricultural, banking, consumer, energy coops etc.
Members/Cooperative clients (small
and medium enterprises, farmers
etc.
)
Self help organizations (formal and
informal)
Service
Share
Croatian cooperative association and ministries
Legal framework
Financing programs and support
Local cooperatives
Agricultural, banking, consumer, energy coops etc.
Members/Cooperative clients (small
and medium enterprises, farmers
etc.
)
Self help organizations (formal and
informal)
The obstacles
Top down
Lack of institutional
support
Inconsistency of local
and national government
Bad policies (quota on
solar energy)
Red tape
Bottom up
Negative connotation
with socialism
Lack of education and
skills at the local level
Lack of capacity to
self-organize
Risk averseness
Finance
Questions for discussion
Are energy cooperatives the best model for
citizen energy ?
What are the energy cooperatives development
in your country?
Can we copy the European model
in the Balkans?
