Research Proposal

CHAPTER 01

CHAPTER 01

1

1..11 IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION

Acco

Accordirding ng to to the the edueducatcationional al psypsychochologylogy, , lealearnirning ng is is a a cogncognititive ive proprocescess s of of  acquiring new skills, values, preferences or understanding. It depends upon learner’s acquiring new skills, values, preferences or understanding. It depends upon learner’s experience that leads him to long-term changes in his behavioural potential. As the experience that leads him to long-term changes in his behavioural potential. As the lea

learnerners’ experrs’ experienience ce varvariesies, , the the devedeveloplopmenment t of of cogncognititive ive abiabilitlities ies and and the the lealearnirningng achievements among the learners also differ. These variations not only provide diversity achievements among the learners also differ. These variations not only provide diversity in a classroom where the teacher has to be aware of different learners’ specific needs, but in a classroom where the teacher has to be aware of different learners’ specific needs, but also create problems for the learners. Especially in a foreign language classroom having also create problems for the learners. Especially in a foreign language classroom having multi

multi-ling-lingual ual and and multimulti-cult-cultural ural learnelearners, rs, the the learnelearners rs develodevelop p certaicertain n psychpsychologicaologicall  barriers against learning a particular language in response to various cultural, social and  barriers against learning a particular language in response to various cultural, social and racial differences. The researcher has noticed this phenomenon in the classrooms of  racial differences. The researcher has noticed this phenomenon in the classrooms of  Government College Shakargarh, where the learners from rural background feel much Government College Shakargarh, where the learners from rural background feel much difficulty in learning English language as compared to urban learners.

difficulty in learning English language as compared to urban learners.

Shakargarh, the headquarters of Shakargarh Tehsil, is a city in the north-east of  Shakargarh, the headquarters of Shakargarh Tehsil, is a city in the north-east of  Pakistan in Narowal District of Punjab province. It is situated at the west bank of the Pakistan in Narowal District of Punjab province. It is situated at the west bank of the Ra

Ravi vi RiRivever. r. AcAccocordrdining g to to ththe e 1991998 8 cecensnsusus, , itits s ononly ly 1212.1.11% 1% poppopululatatioion n is is ururbabann11_..

Moreover, the Tehsil has only one Government College for boys, yet it is known for the Moreover, the Tehsil has only one Government College for boys, yet it is known for the highest literacy rate of all Pakistan tehsils i.e., 52.65%

highest literacy rate of all Pakistan tehsils i.e., 52.65%22_{. However, the researcher noticed. However, the researcher noticed}

that in spite of studying English as a subject up to the graduation level, these learners feel that in spite of studying English as a subject up to the graduation level, these learners feel hesitant and shy in using English for communication. Even if their language structure is hesitant and shy in using English for communication. Even if their language structure is good and they are competent in written expression of English, they cannot speak and good and they are competent in written expression of English, they cannot speak and comprehend the language. They usually stammer, mumble and even commit syntactic comprehend the language. They usually stammer, mumble and even commit syntactic  blunders while speaking, and feel totally blank when listening to English speech. They  blunders while speaking, and feel totally blank when listening to English speech. They seem to be in awe of the English language that seems to be the result of the psychological seem to be in awe of the English language that seems to be the result of the psychological  pressures they feel while learning and using it.

 barriers in the way of effective English language learning among the rural learners of   barriers in the way of effective English language learning among the rural learners of 

Shakargarh. Shakargarh.

1

1..22 SSTATEMENTTATEMENT OFOF PPROBLEMROBLEM

The learners of the government college Shakargarh, who come from the rural The learners of the government college Shakargarh, who come from the rural areas and suburbs, cannot learn and produce the English language effectively. They areas and suburbs, cannot learn and produce the English language effectively. They he

hesisitattate e and and ststamammemerr, , anand d faface ce prproboblelem m in in expexpreressssining g ththememseselvlves es as as wewell ll as as inin understanding others.

understanding others.

1

1..3

3 R  

R  

Q

Q

Why do the rural learners feel difficulty in communicating in English? Is there Why do the rural learners feel difficulty in communicating in English? Is there any psychological factor involved which might cause

any psychological factor involved which might cause these problems?these problems?

1

1..4

4 D

D

The researcher has delimited his research to the psychological problems faced by The researcher has delimited his research to the psychological problems faced by the rural learners of Shakargarh while speaking English.

the rural learners of Shakargarh while speaking English.

1

1..5

5 O

O

The researcher wants to: The researcher wants to:

1.

1. FiFind nd out the out the pspsycychoholologigicacal l prprobloblemems s fafaceced d by by ththe e leleararneners of rs of EnEnglglisishh language who come from the rural area of Shakargarh

language who come from the rural area of Shakargarh 2.

2. To poiTo point ount out the t the causes causes of tof these phese psychosychologiclogical proal problemsblems 3.

3. To To rerecocommmmend end cecertrtaiain n bebenefneficiciaial l or or rerememedidial al pepedadagoggogic ic ststraratetegigies es fofor r  language teachers dealing with such students

1

1..6

6 S

S

S

S

Almost 67.5 %33 _{population of Pakistan lives in villages and rural areas where theypopulation of Pakistan lives in villages and rural areas where they}

do not have ample opportunities to learn English. Due to this, many students encounter  do not have ample opportunities to learn English. Due to this, many students encounter   problems when they move to an urban setting for the purpose of getting higher education  problems when they move to an urban setting for the purpose of getting higher education or jobs, and thus they turn to avail some language courses to improve their English. or jobs, and thus they turn to avail some language courses to improve their English. However, it is not an easy task for them to overcome their deep rooted inhibitions and However, it is not an easy task for them to overcome their deep rooted inhibitions and insecurities which cause further psychological problems for them. This research will help insecurities which cause further psychological problems for them. This research will help the language teachers to understand the difficulties faced by such learners. In this way, the language teachers to understand the difficulties faced by such learners. In this way, the teachers will be able to take certain effective measures to eradicate the setbacks in the teachers will be able to take certain effective measures to eradicate the setbacks in language learning by helping their students from rural background in overcoming their  language learning by helping their students from rural background in overcoming their   psychological problems.

END NOTES

END NOTES

1.

1. htthttp:/p://ww/www.sw.stattatpak.pak.gov.gov.pk/pk/ 2.

2. htthttp:/p://en/en.wi.wikipkipediedia.oa.org/rg/wikiwiki/Sh/Shakaakargargarhrh 3.

CHAPTER 02

CHAPTER 02

L

LITERATUREITERATURE RREVIEWEVIEW

Second language learning is not a simple fete. It can be very stressful at times. Second language learning is not a simple fete. It can be very stressful at times. The psychological impacts of positive or negative attitudes from the surrounding society The psychological impacts of positive or negative attitudes from the surrounding society can be critical. That is why it requires constant and conscious effort on the part of the can be critical. That is why it requires constant and conscious effort on the part of the learner to overcome various psychological hindrances.

learner to overcome various psychological hindrances.

One important aspect among these negative feelings is the fear of being wrong One important aspect among these negative feelings is the fear of being wrong and ridiculed. As according to Dr. Riaz Hassan,

and ridiculed. As according to Dr. Riaz Hassan,

“Perhaps nothing inhibited non-native speakers from using “Perhaps nothing inhibited non-native speakers from using English or generated resentment for the language more than English or generated resentment for the language more than the fear of being corrected or ridiculed every time they the fear of being corrected or ridiculed every time they open their mouth.”

open their mouth.”

Th

This is fefear ar is is acactutualally ly a a reresusult lt of of ththe e “p“psysychcholologogicical al didislslococatatioions ns gegenenerarateted d byby imperialism”. He further says that

imperialism”. He further says that

“T

“The he ananxixietety y gegenerneratated ed by by ththis is neneururososis is is is ththe e prprimimee inhibitor, first, of attempts to learn English language, and inhibitor, first, of attempts to learn English language, and second, of attempts to use it in a natural meaningful way as second, of attempts to use it in a natural meaningful way as a vehicle of thought. The ‘how’ of an utterance is forever  a vehicle of thought. The ‘how’ of an utterance is forever  interfering with its ‘what’.”

interfering with its ‘what’.”

The researcher thinks that learning disequilibrium in the second language learners The researcher thinks that learning disequilibrium in the second language learners is

is crecreateated d due due to to varvariouious s socsocio-io-culculturtural al infinflueluencences. s. As As a a resresultult, , thethey y facface e difdifferferentent   ps

  psychycholoologicgical al proprobleblems ms in in botboth h wriwritttten en and and spospoken ken lanlanguagguage. e. TheThese se proprobleblems ms maymay include hesitation, escapism, lack of confidence, stammering, mumbling, tongue slips, include hesitation, escapism, lack of confidence, stammering, mumbling, tongue slips, spelling mistakes, syntactic errors etc.

END NOTES

END NOTES

1.

1. Dr. Riaz Dr. Riaz HassHassan. an. 2004. Remaking English in 2004. Remaking English in PakisPakistan. (National Universtan. (National University of ity of  Modern Languages Press, Islamabad) pp.05

Modern Languages Press, Islamabad) pp.05 2.

CHAPTER 03

CHAPTER 03

R

RESEARCHESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY 

The researcher is foreseeing to adopt a combination of qualitative and quantitative The researcher is foreseeing to adopt a combination of qualitative and quantitative model of research which can

model of research which can provide with the basic findings as well as its approvide with the basic findings as well as its applications.plications.

1

1..11 RRESEARCHESEARCH DDESIGNESIGN

Qualitative and a quantitative research paradigm are selected for the purpose of  Qualitative and a quantitative research paradigm are selected for the purpose of  this research.

this research.

1

1..22 PPOPULATIONOPULATION

Th

The e popopulpulatatioion n of of ththis is rereseseararch ch wiwill ll be be ththe e teteacachehers rs anand d ststududentents s of of ththee Government Degree College, Shakargarh; Railway Road.

Government Degree College, Shakargarh; Railway Road.

1

1..33 SSAMPLEAMPLE

Th

The e sasampmple le of of ththis is rereseseararch ch wiwill ll be be 10 10 teteacacherhers s anand d 30 30 ststududenents ts of of undunder er  graduation level.

graduation level.

1

1..44 RRESEARCHESEARCH TTOOLSOOLS

The researcher will use the following research tools: The researcher will use the following research tools:

A.

A. SuSurvrvey Tey Toooolsls:: a.

a. The resThe researearchecher will use Semir will use Semi-st-strucructurtured Inteed Intervirview for 15 ew for 15 teateachercherss as it will be convenient and fruitful to know of their point of views as it will be convenient and fruitful to know of their point of views in detail.

in detail.   b

  b.. ThThe e rereseseararchcher er wiwill ll ususe e ClClososeded-e-endnded ed QuQuesestitiononnanairire e fofor r ththee students to get statistical data

1

1..55 DDATAATA COLLECTIONCOLLECTION ANDAND AANALYSISNALYSIS



 Data will be collected through various survey and field-Data will be collected through various survey and field-study tools as mentioned above.

study tools as mentioned above. 

 The analysis will be presented in the form of tabular chartsThe analysis will be presented in the form of tabular charts and percentage graphs.

 4.1

 4.1 DDATAATA PPRESENTATIONRESENTATION ANDAND DDATAATA AANALYSISNALYSIS

For the presentation of data and

For the presentation of data and data analysis, tabular charts will be used.data analysis, tabular charts will be used.

K

Keeyy SSttrroonnggllyy Agree Agree

A

Aggrreeee UUnncceerrttaaiinn DDiissaaggrreeee SSttrroonnggllyy Disagree Disagree Q Quueessttiioonn 11 %% %% %% %% %% Q Quueessttiioonn 22 %% %% %% %% %% Q Quueessttiioonn 33 %% %% %% %% %% Q Quueessttiioonn 44 %% %% %% %% %% Q Quueessttiioonn 55 %% %% %% %% %%

CHAPTER 05

CHAPTER 05

C

CONCLUSIONONCLUSION

By the end of this research the researcher hopes to bring to find out various By the end of this research the researcher hopes to bring to find out various  psychological problems which learners of English who come from the area of Shakargarh  psychological problems which learners of English who come from the area of Shakargarh face when they come to urban areas for improving their English as well as getting higher  face when they come to urban areas for improving their English as well as getting higher  education or jobs; and also to make some suggestions for the language teachers dealing education or jobs; and also to make some suggestions for the language teachers dealing with such students which will improve the teaching/learning environment in the language with such students which will improve the teaching/learning environment in the language classroom and at the same time help these students to overcome their complexes and classroom and at the same time help these students to overcome their complexes and insecurities.

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