CHALLENGE OF BUILDING
INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM)
IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA AEC
INDUSTRY
MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL ANUAR BIN ISA
B. ENG(HONS.) CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
STUDENT’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Malaysia Pahang or any other institutions.
_______________________________ (Student’s Signature)
Full Name : MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL ANUAR BIN ISA ID Number : AA15190
CHALLENGE OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) IMPLEMENTATION IN MALAYSIA AEC INDUSTRY
MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL ANUAR BIN ISA
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
B. Eng (Hons.) Civil Engineering
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is a great pleasure to acknowledge my deepest thanks and gratitude to Dr. Ahmad Tarmizi Haron, Senior Lecturer at Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, for his guidance throughout this study and his kind supervision. It is a great honour to work under his supervision during this period.
I would like to express my deepest thanks and sincere appreciation to my beloved parents, my father, Isa bin Jusoh and my lovely mother, Khatijah binti Jusoh for their love, unconditional and financial support. They have been my inspiration to pursue this study after all.
Finally, I would like to thank my friends and everyone especially my group members of supervision under Dr. Tarmizi that involved for their kind of endless help, giving moral support and cheer me up from time to time. I warmly appreciate their understanding and effort.
ABSTRAK
Pemodelan maklumat bangunan (BIM) adalah konsep termaju untuk majoriti syarikat yang beroperasi dalam industri AEC. BIM menyediakan paradigma baru untuk mereka bentuk, membina, mengendali dan menyelenggara kemudahan. Walaupun dengan penggunaan khusus, pihak terlibat boleh mengalami kesulitan semasa pelaksanaan projek atau dalam organisasi. Industri AEC di Malaysia sangat menarik dan pelaksanaan teknologi baru dan sistem pembinaan telah menjadi perhatian utama bagi pihak yang terlibat. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti unsur-unsur yang mencabar pelaksanaan BIM dalam industri AEC Malaysia. Tiga puluh lima cabaran dengan pelaksanaan BIM telah dikenalpasti dan kebanyakan faktor boleh dikaitkan dengan unit organisasi. Data telah diuruskan melalui soal selidik dan menumpukan faktor-faktor tersebut adalah untuk membantu pihak terlibat yang utama untuk menangani isu-isu seperti keperluan mereka melaksanakan masa dan kewangan dengan pelaksanaan BIM dalam industri AEC Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
Building information Modelling (BIM) is an advanced concept for the majority of companies operating in AEC industry. BIM provide a new paradigm to design, construct, operate and maintain a facility. However, even with the dedicated use, stakeholders can go through into troubles during its implementation on a project or within an organization. The AEC industry in Malaysia is very compelling and the implementation of new technological advancements and construction systems has been a major concern for the stakeholders. Therefore, the study aims to identify the elements challenging of implementation of BIM in Malaysian AEC industry. Thirty-five
challenges with BIM implementation were identified and most of the factors could be correlated with the organization unit. The data has been managed through designed questionnaires and the prioritization of such factors is relied upon to help the main stakeholders to address the issues as per their need which will spare parcel of time and financial with implementation if BIM in Malaysian AEC industry
TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRAK iii ABSTRACT iv TABLE OF CONTENT v
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction of Research 1 1.2 Problem Statement of this Research 3 1.3 Objective of Research 3
1.5 Significance of Research 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Definition of Building Information Modelling (BIM) 5
2.2.1 BIM Tools 7
2.3 BIM Development Generally 8 2.3.1 United States of America 9
2.3.2 United Kingdom 10 2.3.3 Scandinavian Zone 10 2.3.4 Singapore 11 2.3.5 Australia 11 2.3.6 South Korea 12 2.3.7 Japan 12 2.3.8 Brazil 12 2.3.9 China 13 2.3.10 India 13
2.4 Malaysia Construction Industry Issues 13 2.5 Challenges of BIM implementation 14 2.6 Advantages of BIM Implementation 17
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 19
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Data Collection 19
3.3 Likert Scale 20
3.4 Questionnaire Design 20 3.4.1 Section A: Respondent Background 21 3.4.2 Section B: Factor That Challenge the Implementation of BIM 21
3.5 Pilot Study 24
3.6 Data Analysis 24
3.7 Research Methodology 26
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 27
4.2 Study on BIM Implementation in Malaysia 27 4.3 Responses to Questionnaires 28 4.3.1 Background of Respondents 29 4.4 Factors Challenging the Implementation of BIM 35 4.4.1 Management Criteria 35 4.4.2 People Criteria 38 4.4.3 Process Criteria 40 4.4.4 Technology Criteria 42 4.5 Summary 44 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 45 5.1 Introduction 45
5.1 Conclusion of the Findings 45 5.1.1 To collect and analyses data from company respondents 45 5.1.2 To puzzle out the factors that challenges the implementation of
BIM in Malaysia AEC industry 45
5.2 Limitation 46
5.2.1 Time limitation 47 5.2.2 Networking limitation 47 5.2.3 Knowledge limitation 47 5.3 Recommendation Error! Bookmark not defined.
REFERENCES 48
APPENDIX A SAMPLE APPENDIX 1 51
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: BIM Definitions 6 Table 2.2: Challenges and difficulties discovered by previous researchers 15 Table 3.1: Likert Scale Index 20 Table 3.2: Management Criteria Factors 22 Table 3.3: People Criteria Factors 22 Table 3.4: Process Criteria Factors 23 Table 3.5: Technology Criteria Factors 23 Table 3.6: Category scale in priority 25 Table 4.1: List of companies selected 28 Table 4.2: The demographic employee number of the respondent’s company 29 Table 4.3: The demographic occupation of the respondents 31 Table 4.4: The demographic experience of the respondents 32 Table 4.5: The demographic location of the respondents 34 Table 4.6: Management Criteria 36 Table 4.7: People Criteria 38 Table 4.8: People Criteria 40 Table 4.9: Technology Criteria 43
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Countries that use BIM (Sawney, 2014) 2 Figure 2.1: BIM tools suggested by the Director of Public Works Department
(PWD) in 2007 (Latiffi et al., 2013) 8 Figure 3.1: Average Method Formula 25 Figure 4.1: Number of employees 30 Figure 4.2: Respondent's Company Discipline 31 Figure 4.3: Respondent's years of experience 33 Figure 4.4: Respondent's location 34 Figure 4.5: Management Criteria Index 37 Figure 4.6: People Criteria Index 39 Figure 4.7: Process Criteria Index 41 Figure 4.8: Technology Criteria Index 43
LIST OF SYMBOLS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BIM Building Information Modelling AEC
PWD
Architecture Engineering Construction Director of the Public Works Department CIDB
CITP
Construction Industry Development Board Construction Industry Transformation Program SMEs GSA PBS IFCs CPCF CORONET NATSPEC CRC-CI ANZRS ROI CIMP RII
Small and Medium Enterprises General Services Administration Public Building Service
Industry Foundation Class
Construction Productivity and Capability Fund Construction and Real Estate Network
National Specification
Corporate Research Centre for Construction Innovation Australian and New Zealand Revit Standards
Return on Investment
Construction Industry Master Plan Relative Importance Index
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction of Research
Construction is the process of constructing a facility, building or infrastructure. Construction process requires a lot of team working and involvement of many parties. The construction industry is usually known to be one of the most challenging industries in many countries. This study explains about Building Information Modelling, which one of the mediums used by companies to smoothly manage and command projects. BIM is a model defining the physical and the functional characteristics of a facility in a digital representation (Azhar et. al.,2008). The concept of Building Information Modelling is to build a building in a virtual environment before its actual physical construction so that problems along with their potential impacts expected to be encountered during actual construction stage can be worked out and analyzed in advance (S. Azhar et al., 2011).
Nowadays, most of the developed countries use this medium in their construction industry field. For example, Australia is the leading country in implementing BIM (18-75%) followed by the United States (31%), Europe (16%), the Middle East countries (11%) and India (9%) that shown in Figure 1. Inferable from expanded awareness about its points of benefits, AEC industry companies in Malaysia start to use this medium in their projects.
Figure 1.1: Countries that use BIM (Sawney, 2014)
The progress of BIM in Malaysia has been operated by the private sector since 2009. The suggestion to implement BIM in Malaysia was initiated by the Director of the Public Works Department (PWD) in 2007. The first government project to use this BIM medium methodology was announced in 2010. BIM implementation need the development of dependable tools for information exchange between various software tools while authorize efficient and direct coordination and monitoring processes between project participant and team members.
The construction industry of Malaysia is very competitive in quality. The country is progressing with a vision 2020 and the AEC industry in a crucial element of this vision. The implementation of new technological advancements and construction medium has been prime concerns for its stakeholders. However, the implementation of BIM in such competitive industry is observed to be restricted and its implementation has not been as rewarding as it should have been. Although, there is now a deliberate concern about this technology and the industry professional are realizing the potential benefits of BIM. This study is being regulated to emphasize some of the factors that are specifically affecting the implementation of BIM in Malaysian AEC industry.
1.2 Problem Statement of this Research
The AEC industry in Malaysia need to catch up with the pace of another development countries that already used this BIM medium in their construction project. Malaysia is still moving slowly with the implementation of BIM in the AEC industry. Chief executive of The Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), Datuk Ahmad Asri Abdul Hamid has suggested the compulsory use of BIM in project sectors by 2020. This move was to emerged the digital implementation by industry specialist as Malaysia was set to begin the fourth industrial revolution 4.0.
The proposition is under the Construction Industry Transformation Program (CITP), yet we have not decided the (implementation) period in light of the fact that the acknowledgment is as yet not wide going despite the fact that we have presented the utilization of BIM. In the construction sector, BIM has proved to be a valuable technique that helped professionals reduce uncertainties and successfully execute a project. BIM can be used from planning to operation at all phases of the construction process. Unfortunately, implementation of BIM is very slow in the Malaysian construction industry. This study is conducted to identify the factors challenging the implementation of BIM in Malaysian AEC industry (Gardezi et al., 2014).
The next generation of construction specialists will be train in several universities through collaborating with CIDB that consisted of technical training and communication skill. The implementation of such innovative and new technologies is a necessary for companies to remain competitive and be able to deliver projects in a timely and cost-effective manner and this change needs to happen quickly and at scale.
1.3 Objective of Research
The aim of this research to know the factors challenging the implementation of BIM in Malaysian AEC industry. In order to achieve that objective, the following objectives have been identified:
• To collect and analyses data from company respondents.
• To puzzle out the factors that challenges the implementation of BIM in Malaysia AEC industry.
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