Chapter 2. Birth of the Internet. Introduction. The Internet, The Web, and Electronic Commerce

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 2

The Internet, The Web, and

Electronic Commerce

2-Introduction

• The Internet is often referred to as the Information Superhighway because it connects millions of people across the globe.

• Unlike a typical highway, the Internet moves idea and information.

• The Web provides an easy-to-use, intuitive interface to connect to the Internet and is used by millions of people every day.

• A Network of networks

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2-Birth of the Internet

• At about 10:30 PM on October 29th, 1969, a

connection was established over a 50 kbps

line provided by the AT&T telephone company,

and a two node Internet was born. It was

between UCLA and the computer firm, BBN.

• It was the first wide area packet switching

network -the first Internet Transmission

• 1969 – The ARPANET

• Developed by the Department of Defense • Connected universities and defense bases • 1973- first connection to Europe

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2-• Hear an interview with Leonard Kleinrock,

who conducted the first ARPANET/Internet

message from UCLA to SRI in Menlo Park in

1969

• http://www.brightcove.tv/title.jsp?

title=44132236

• More about the first transmission itself

(and the first nodes of the Internet):

• http://www.pbs.org/opb/nerds2.0.1/networking_nerds/fournodes.html

2-ARPANET TOP LEVEL DOMAINS 1973

See the Root Servers of the Internet today!

http://www.circleid.com/posts/dns_root_servers_google_maps/

2-• Mid-1980s – NSFNet

• Network between supercomputers

• The Internet was comprised of links

between ARPANET, NSFNET and other

research networks

• No commercial traffic allowed

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2-• 1990s

• ARPANET shut down

• NSFNet abandoned

• Commercial networks take over

• And yes, Al Gore did help pass legislation

that helped the Internet become what it is

today:

– he co-sponsored the Information and Technology Act of 1992 (allowed commercial traffic on the Internet). http://www.snopes.com/quotes/internet.asp

2-Abilene

• An advanced Internet backbone

available by subscription only

• The “second Internet”

• For $21,000 you can be a basic

member!

•

http://abilene.internet2.edu/

2-Today and the Future

• 100,000 new web sites per month

• More than 248 million U.S. households

online

• Access is available throughout the U.S.

• Eventually access will be global

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2-Common Internet Uses

• Communicating

• Online shopping

• Searching

• Entertainment

• Education or

e-learning

2-Internet Access Providers

• Common way to access the Internet • Commercial Internet Service Providers (ISP)

–National Service Providers

– Regional Service Provider –Wireless service providers Page 31

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2-Browsers

• Programs that provide access to Web

resources

• Allow you to

surf

the Internet

• Three well-known

browsers

– Mozilla Firefox

– Netscape Communications – Microsoft Internet Explorer

• Address

or

location

of the resource must be

specified

– URL

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2-URLs

• Uniform Resource Locators – All URLs have at least two parts

• Protocol • Domain name • Locates Web sites

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2-• Browsers interpret HTML commands

– Hypertext Markup Language

– Contained in a document • Display document as a Web page

• Tim Berners-Lee: created the GUI Web we know

today

• In 1989 he invented the World Wide Web, an internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing while at CERN, the European Particle Physics Laboratory. He wrote the first web client and server in 1990.

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2-Communication

• Most popular Internet activity

• Types of communication

– Electronic Mail (E-Mail) •E-Mail Address •Spam –Instant Messaging –Social Networking Page 33

2-Spam

• Junk and/or unwanted Email

• Computer viruses or destructive programs are often

attached to unsolicited email – CAN-SPAM Act

• Spam blockers incorporate a myriad of approached

to identify and control spam

• Spam blockers are also referred to as: – Junk mail filters

– Anti-spam programs

2-Social Networking

• One of the fastest growing uses of the Internet • Three basic categories:

– Reunite – Friend of a friend – Common interest

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2-Search Tools

•

Search engines

•

Metasearch engines

•

Specialized search engines

• Tips

– Start with the right approach – Be as precise as possible – Use multiple words – Use Boolean operators – Check your spelling – Keep moving Page 37

2-Metasearch Engines

Web Meta Search www.webmetasearch.com

2-Electronic Commerce

• Also known as

e-commerce

• Buying and selling of goods over the Internet

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2-Business to 2-Business

• Involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another (B2B)

• Primarily a manufacturer supplier relationship • B2B Magazine

• http://www.btobonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070910/FREE/70910080/1186/EDITORSNOTE

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2-Business to Consumer

• Fastest growing type of e-commerce • Three most widely used B2C applications:

– Online banking – Financial trading – Shopping Page 43 Retur n

2-Consumer to 2-Consumer

Web Auctions

• Types

– Auction house sites – Person-to-person auction sites Page 44

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2-Security

• Payment methods must be fast, reliable, and secure

• Three basic options – Checks – Credit card – Digital cash Page 44

2-Web Utilities

• Specialized utility programs that make using

the internet & web safer and easier

– FTP –Plug-Ins –Filters

–Internet Security Suites

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2-Plug-Ins

Acrobat Reader www.adobe.com Media Player www.microsoft.com

QuickTime www.apple.com

Real Player www.service.real.com

Shockwave www.adobe.com

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2-Filters

Web Filter www.softforyou.com

Net Nanny www.netnanny.com

Safe Eyes Platinum www.safeeyes.com

2-Internet Security Suites

• Collection of utility programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while on the web

– McAfee – Norton

– http://www.symantec.com/index.jsp

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2-A Look to the Future

Homes of Tomorrow

• “Smart” appliances in homes will have their

own Web page

• Refrigerators will be able to manage their

inventory and automatically order to

re-supply

• GE’s Refrigerator of the Future

• http://www.geconsumerproducts.com/pressroom/press_releases/company/company/ kitchenoffuture_article_06.htm

• Internet cameras, wireless technologies, &

high-speed internet will allow you to virtually

monitor your home while on travel

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