Data limitations

The study is supplemented by appendices

covering:

• A comparison of HA lettings to BME

households and Census data in each

English local authority area;

• HAs’ lettings, employment and

governance statistics in relation to BME

communities.

The appendices should be used by HAs in

analysing their own performance and will

be updated on an annual basis, including

2001 Census data as it becomes available.

Data limitations

The categories used to collect data on BME

communities vary between different

sources, causing difficulties in comparing

data. This reflects more than simple

differences in group names. For example,

Irish communities, which are covered by the

Housing Corporation’s BME housing policy,

are classified as ‘white’ rather than BME

groups in many data sources. This not only

hides their needs but understates the extent

of BME needs more generally.

The broad categories often used to present

data imply a homogeneity which may not

exist. For example, the needs and

expectations of different Asian communities

can be overlooked when they are discussed

as one group. There are also clear gender

differences in the educational and labour

market performance of some ethnic groups,

which should be remembered when data on

different groups is analysed.

Introduction

Awareness of the need for housing

associations (HAs) to address the

inequalities faced by Black and Minority

Ethnic (BME) households has been

heightened by a number of key events in

recent years:

• The Housing Corporation’s BME housing

policy, launched in 1998;

• The Report of the Lawrence Inquiry in

1999 and its emphasis on the dangers of

organisations failing to review practice;

• The Race Relations Amendment Act

2000 which places an enforceable duty

on the Housing Corporation to promote

racial equality and prevent racial

discrimination, which it can most

effectively meet through the work of

HAs;

• The publication of the Challenge Report

in 2001 from the Race and Housing

Inquiry and its emphasis on the need for

continuous improvement in HAs’ race

equality work;

• The Housing Corporation’s new

regulatory code with its emphasis on race

equality issues and the importance of

continuous improvement in performance.

The aim of this Sector Study is to provide

key facts relating to BME communities

which are of relevance to housing providers

and others; and to provide a tool for those

involved in service delivery and policy

formulation to review and improve their

performance.

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4

Population

Table 1 shows the age profile of the

population in England by ethnic group.

• 6.2% of the population and 4.5% of the

households in England were recorded as

being from a BME group by the 1991

Census.

• Official national statistics estimate that

the BME percentage of the population of

England had increased to 7.3% by 1998.

• 1.6% of the population were ‘born in

Ireland’ according to the 1991 Census.

This was 2.2% of all households.

These

are not included in the BME percentages

above.

The BME population is relatively young,

which will lead to a growth in the

percentage of the workforce from BME

backgrounds. For example, 12% of primary

school children and 11% of secondary

school children in England, are from BME

groups. The most youthful ethnic groups

are Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, Black Other

and Other Other (the largest numbers in

this group are from Arab backgrounds

including North African and from Iranian,

Turkish and other Middle Eastern origins).

Over time increasing proportions of people

above pensionable age will be from BME

households. Whilst only 1.2% of the current

population over 65 is from a BME

background, the percentages of BME

people increase steadily from 4.3% of the

45–64 population to 10.3% of the 0–4

population. Migration patterns and death

rates will have some effect on these figures

and will clearly directly affect the ‘born in

Ireland’ figures. Housing providers will need

to respond to a more diverse older population

in the future and will want to assess how

far there are ethnic differences in demand.

Figure 1 shows the distribution of the BME

population throughout England at the time

of the 1991 Census.

There are large regional variations in the

ethnic composition of the population and

wide diversity in the distribution of each

BME community. However, BME populations

are generally concentrated in the most

populous and urban areas of England. In

particular this concentration is in Greater

London and to a lesser extent the West

Midlands, although BME communities are

present in almost all local authority areas.

Figure 2 shows the distribution of HA

lettings to BME households (12.15%

nationally). It shows that lettings are

concentrated in local authority areas of

above average BME population. 320 local

authorities have a higher percentage of HA

lets to BME households than the percentage

of BME households recorded by the 1991

Census.

In 46 local authorities the percentage is

Sector Study 11

BME communities: key data

1 Data are only available from the 1991 Census on people born in Ireland rather than people who con-sider their ethnic group to be Irish.

Table 1

Age profile of the population of England by ethnic group

Age group (%)

0–4 5–15 16–24 25–44 45–64 65+

All 3,129,485 6,306,822 6,001,215 13,784,374 10,279,837 7,553,471

White 89.7 89.9 92.2 93.2 95.7 98.7 All BME 10.3 10.1 7.8 6.8 4.3 1.2 Black—Caribbean 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 Black—African 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 Black—Other 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0 Indian 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.1 1.3 0.4 Pakistani 1.9 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 Bangladeshi 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 Chinese 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 Other-Asian 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 Other-Other 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.1

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Born in Ireland 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.6 2.8 2.2

Figure 1: Percentage ranges of BME households by local authority at 1991 Census

lower, but in only one case by more than 1

percentage point. The largest number of HA

lettings where the percentage made to BME

households is below the Census BME

percentage is in North Tyneside, Cotswold,

North Wiltshire and Suffolk Coastal districts.

Appendix 1 outlines the percentage of BME

households living in each local authority

area and the percentage of HA lettings they

received.

Language

A number of established BME communities

will require HAs to provide interpreters

and/or translations. The Fourth PSI survey

(1994) recorded between a fifth and a

quarter of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi

and Chinese men who did not speak

English fluently or fairly well. Gender is an

important differentiating factor. For women

figures were generally higher, reaching 60%

for Bangladeshi women. In addition, figures

reflect age on arrival in England and the

number of other households from the same

community in a particular neighbourhood.

Demand for language services should be

kept under review, particularly because the

arrival of asylum seekers and refugees can

bring new interpreting and translation

requirements.

Sources of further information

• Modood, T., Berthoud, R. et al. (eds.)

1997:

Ethnic Minorities in Britain:

diversity and disadvantage. The Fourth

National Survey of Ethnic Minorities.

London: PSI.

• Owen, D. 1992:

Ethnic Minorities in

Great Britain: settlement patterns. 1991

Census Statistical Paper No. 1

. Coventry:

CRER, University of Warwick.

1991 Census. Volume Three: social

geography and ethnicity in Britain:

geographical spread, spatial

concentra-tion and internal migraconcentra-tion.

London:

HMSO. http://www.statistics.gov.uk

• Performance and Innovation Unit 2001:

Improving labour market achievements

for ethnic minorities in British society

Scoping Note

http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/

innovation/2001/ethnicity/scope.shtml

Housing

The Survey of English Housing (2000) shows

that the percentage of white households

living in owner-occupied property is far

higher than the percentage for all BME

households (Table 2). However, the situation

is more complex once broad groupings are

broken down.

• Disproportionate to their numbers in the

population, Indian households are more

likely to be owner-occupiers than all

other ethnic groups, including ‘white’.

• Irish people (included within the ‘white’

group), are under-represented in owner

occupied housing compared with their

numbers in the population.

• 56% of Bangladeshi households occupy

social housing, the highest percentage

for the ethnic groups shown, and

compared with just 20% of white

households.

• Black Caribbean and ‘Other or mixed’

ethnic groups were also highly

represented in the social rented sector.

High levels of owner-occupation in some

BME groups does not necessarily reflect

greater wealth. BME households are most

likely to be living in the poorest quality

housing in each tenure. Table 3 shows they

are also most likely to be living in the most

deprived wards, irrespective of tenure. This

is particularly true for the Pakistani and

Bangladeshi groups and to a lesser extent

the Black Caribbean group.

BME households are, in addition, more likely

to be overcrowded. The Survey of English

Housing shows over 25% of Bangladeshi

and 20% of Pakistani households are

overcrowded.

That compares with 8% of

Indian households, 7% of African Caribbean

households and 1% of white households.

Homelessness

There is no reliable national data on the

levels of homelessness amongst BME

communities. However, individual studies

have indicated BME households are

over-represented within many categories of

homelessness, although they are far less

likely to be visibly roofless than white

households, possibly because of fear of

racial attack. Consequently they are more

likely to have temporary refuge with others

from their own community. This frequently

leads to overcrowding.

In London, BME households have been

shown to be highly over-represented

amongst the statutory homeless and the

hidden homeless, although the

inconsistency of ethnic monitoring by the

boroughs has restricted analysis.

The report ‘A Question of Delivery’ found

that two-fifths of BME tenants newly

housed by HAs had been either statutorily

or non-statutorily homeless, compared with

just over a quarter of all tenants. The

experience of Irish households was closer to

other BME populations than the white

group as a whole. There was little difference

in the percentages between BME groups

previously homeless except for the Black

African ethnic group. Half of new Black

African tenants had been homeless.

Tenure by ethnic group of head of household (all households England 1999/2000)

Owner Social Private Total

Ethnic group occupied rented rented Total thousands

White 70 20 10 100 19,241 Black Caribbean 46 47 7 100 259 Indian 80 10 10 100 296 Pakistani 64 20 15 100 164 Bangladeshi* 31 56 12 100 42 Other or mixed 36 41 23 100 589 All ethnic minority 51 33 16 100 1,351

All groups 69 21 10 100

Thousands 14,200 4,293 2,099 20,592

Note: * This estimate has a large sampling error because of the concentration and small size of the Bangladeshi population.

Source: DTLR Survey of English Housing 1999/2000

Ethnic group of Owner Social Private All

head of household occupied rented rented households

White 9 31 16 14

Black Caribbean 35 51 * 44

Indian 18 57 13 22

Pakistani 55 54 * 54

Bangladeshi 50 * * 51

Other or mixed 21 53 23 35 All ethnic minorities 28 53 26 36

Note: * Unweighted base was too small. Table 3

Percentages of households living in the 10% most deprived wards in England by tenure and ethnicity (all households England 1999/2000)

Sources of further information

• Carter, S. 1998:

Hidden Crisis: A study of

black and minority ethnic homelessness

in London.

London: Frontline Housing

Advice.

• Chahal, K. 1999:

Minority Ethnic

Homelessness in London.

NHS Executive,

London Regional Office.

• 1999/2000 Survey of English Housing

www.housing.dtlr.gov.uk/research/seh/

seh00/index.htm

• Hickman, M. J. and Walter, B. 1997:

Discrimination and the Irish Community

in Britain.

London: CRE.

• Tomlins, R. with Brown, T., Duncan, J.,

Harrison, M. L., Johnson, M. R. D., Line,

B., Owen, D., Phillips, D. and Ratcliffe, P.

2001:

A Question of Delivery: an

evaluation of how RSLs meet the needs

of black and minority ethnic

communities.

London: Housing

Corporation.

Crime and criminal justice

Victims of crime

Housing providers should expect to find

themselves responding to the greater risk of

crime experienced by BME households

which is demonstrated in Table 4.

It is important to note that BME groups also

tend to be far more worried about all types

of crime than white groups. This may reflect

the location of their home.

The level of racial incidents remains high,

although the 2000 British Crime Survey

(BCS) estimated that there had been a fall

from 382,000 in 1995 to 280,000 in 1999.

Areas with the highest increases in recorded

incidents by the police have included West

Mercia (459%) and Devon and Cornwall

(364%) where there are relatively small BME

populations. This may of course reflect

improved recording practice rather than

simply an increase in the number of

incidents.

The housing experience of BME households

may be affected not only by racial

harassment, but also by the fear of racial

harassment. In the BCS (see Figure 3), 60%

of Asians and 51% of Blacks said that they

were very worried or fairly worried about

racially motivated attacks. Only 12% of

white people expressed the same concern.

Ex-offenders

HAs need to ensure that their work on

housing ex-offenders through direct

applications and referrals to hostels and

general housing reflects the

disproportionate numbers of male and

female prisoners from BME backgrounds.

% victims once or more Indian/

White Black1 _{Pakistani Bangladeshi}

Burglary 2 _{4.2 6.3 6.3 5.2}

With entry 4.4 3.9 3.6 2.9 Attempts 1.9 2.8 2.8 2.5

Vehicle-related thefts 3 _{12.5 17.2 14.4 16.1}

Theft of a vehicle 1.8 2.4 2.7 3.8 Theft from a vehicle 8.0 10.5 9.3 9.8 Attempted vehicle theft 3.7 5.1 3.5 3.5

Violence 4.3 5.4 3.6 4.9

Domestic 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.8 Acquaintance 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.2 Stranger 1.5 1.2 0.6 1.4 Mugging 0.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Notes:

1 The Black group consists of respondents who describe themselves Black-Caribbean, Black-African or Black-Other.

2 Burglary risks based on households.

3 Vehicle theft risks based on vehicle owning households and violence based on adults. Table 4

Percentages of households/adults victims of burglary/ vehicle-related thefts/violence in 1999, by ethnicity

Source: 2000 British Crime Survey (BCS)

Sector Study 11

Figure 3 Fear of racially motivated attacks, by ethnicity

Source: 2000 British Crime Survey (BCS)

%

1994

White 60

50 40 30 20 10 0

1996 1998 2000 1994

Black

1996 1998 2000 1994

Asian

1996 1998 2000

Very worried Fairly worried

The proportion of BME prisoners of British

Nationality has increased between 1994 and

1999. In 1999, 14.3% of British male

prisoners were of BME origin consisting of

10.2% Black prisoners, 2.3% Asian

prisoners and 1.8% of other ethnic origin.

Higher proportions of British female

prisoners were of BME origin.

Sources of further information

• Kershaw, C., Budd, T., Kinshott, G.,

Mattinson, J., Mayhew, G. and Myhill, A..

2000:

The 2000 British Crime Survey

England and Wales, Home Office

Statistical Bulletin 18/00

• Research, Development and Statistics

Directorate 2000:

Statistics on Race and

the Criminal Justice System 2000.

London: Home Office.

http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/

s95race00.pdf

Ethnic origin 1992 % 1996 % 2000 % % change

White 37 45 50 35.1

Black 23 23 37 60.9

Asian 33 38 49 48.5

Indian 38 48 62 63.2

Pakistani 26 23 30 15.4 Bangladeshi 14 25 30 114.3 Other Asian (including Chinese/Vietnamese) 46 61 70 52.2 Other ethnic group * 46 43 – Not stated 18 29 26 44.4

Table 5

Attainment of 5 or more GCSE grades A*–C in year 11: 1992–2000

Source: Young Cohort Study: The Activities and Experiences of 16 year olds: England and Wales 2000 (DfEE 23 January 2001)

Education

Other Asians (which include Chinese and

Vietnamese households) outperform any

other group in attaining 5 or more GCSE

grades A*–C with a 70% success rate in

2000. However, it is Bangladeshi students

that have seen the greatest improvement in

performance with the percentage of

16 year olds achieving 5 or more GCSE

grades A*–C more than doubling between

1992 and 2000. Indian and Black groups

have also recorded large gains. The

results for Pakistani students remain

relatively low and have shown slower

improvement than for other groups as

Table 5 demonstrates.

Table 6 shows that young BME people are

far more likely to be in full time education

at 16. White groups are most likely to be on

government sponsored training schemes or

in full time work. Pakistani and Bangladeshi

groups are most likely not to be in

education, training or employment.

Similarly, they are the least likely to have

any formal qualifications at 18.

At higher degree level differences in

outcomes also exist. Generally BME groups

are more likely to go on to University, but

less likely to achieve first or second class

honours degrees.

Sources of further information

• Modood, T., Berthoud, R. et al. (eds.)

1997:

Ethnic Minorities in Britain:

diversity and disadvantage. The Fourth

National Survey of Ethnic Minorities.

London: PSI.

• Pathak, S. 2000:

Race Research for the

Future: Ethnicity in Education, Training

and the Labour Market, Research Topic

Paper.

London: DfES.

•

Youth Cohort Study: The Activities and

Experiences of 16 year olds: England and

Wales 2000

(DfEE 23 January 2001)

www.dfee.gov.uk/statistics/DB/SFR

Employment and unemployment

Table 7 shows that Bangladeshi and

Pakistani groups experience the highest

rates of unemployment. All BME groups

experience higher levels of unemployment

than white groups with only Indian and

other ethnic groups falling below 10%.

However, it should be noted that within the

white categories Irish men experience

higher then average levels of

unemployment.

Educational attainment is a factor in these

outcomes. However, Pakistani, Bangladeshi

and Caribbean people are more likely to be

unemployed than white, Indian, African and

Asian people given the same level of

qualification, although the gap is far less for

Caribbean women than for Caribbean men.

In particular, Caribbean men educated to

A-level standard are more than twice as

likely to be unemployed as white men with

similar qualifications.

Whilst all groups showed lower economic

activity rates for women this was most

noticeable for the Pakistani and Bangladeshi

groups.

The inequalities faced by BME

communities also have an impact on wage

levels. The Fourth PSI survey highlighted

that 80% of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis

and 37% of BME households overall were

earning less than half the average national

salary.

The percentage of BME staff employed in

the HA sector has increased significantly

over the last decade. However, BME staff

remain under-represented at senior

organisational levels and on the governing

boards of HAs and are most highly

represented at junior management, clerical

and secretarial levels. This is despite

frequently being more qualified than their

white colleagues in higher grades.

Sector Study 11

BME communities: key data

Govt.

sponsored Full time Something

Full time training job Part time Out of else/not

Ethnic group education (GST) (excl GST) job work stated

Bangladeshi 79 * * * 8 5

Black 82 4 6 * 4 2

Indian 91 4 1 * 2 1

Other Asian 87 3 * * 5 3 Other ethnic group 84 6 3 4 * * Pakistani 81 3 4 2 8 2 Total ethnic minorities 85 4 3 1 4 2

White 67 12 10 3 5 2

Table 6

Main activity at 16, spring 1998, England and Wales

(percentages)

Health

At present there is no single or simple

source of national data on ethnicity and

health. Much of the information that is

available also remains based on country of

birth rather than ethnicity.

Nevertheless, a number of reports identify

areas of concern. For example, the Fourth

PSI survey found that the African Caribbean

community is twice as likely, and the

Pakistani community one and half times as

likely, to report themselves to be in ill health

as white people.

Housing conditions clearly have health

implications. For example, overcrowding is

connected to stress, infectious (notably

respiratory) disease, mental illness and

accidents. Key health issues affecting

housing demand, design and the need for

aids and adaptations include:

Asthma

There is no UK based survey data which

indicates a clear ethnic variation in the

prevalence of this disease. However, a

The data for individual HAs can be seen in

Appendix 2

Sources of further information

•

DSS, Family Resources Survey Great

Britain 1999–2000

• Hickman, M. J. and Walter, B. 1997:

Discrimination and the Irish Community

in Britain.

London: CRE.

• Social Exclusion Unit 2000:

Minority

Ethnic Issues in Social Exclusion and

Neighbourhood Renewal.

London: Social

Exclusion Unit. http://www.cabinetoffice.

gov.uk/seu/2000/bmezip/default.htm

• Somerville, P., Sodhi, D. and Steele, A.

2000:

A Question of Diversity: black and

minority ethnic staff in the RSL sector.

London:

Housing Corporation.

www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/

theme_labour/LMT_September01.pdf

• Tomlins, R. with Brown, T., Duncan, J.,

Harrison, M. L., Johnson, M. R. D., Line,

B., Owen, D., Phillips, D. and Ratcliffe, P.

2001:

A Question of Delivery: an

evaluation of how RSLs meet the needs

of black and minority ethnic

communities.

London: Housing

Corporation.

Table 7

Employment and unemployment rates by ethnic group United Kingdom, Spring 2001, not seasonally adjusted

International Labour Employment Organisation (ILO)

rate (%) unemployment rate (%)

16–59/64 All 16+

White 76 4

British 1 _{76 4}

Another White background 73 5 All ethnic minority groups 57 11

Mixed 62 12

Asian or Asian British 55 11

Indian 65 7

Pakistani 42 16

Bangladeshi 39 20

Another Asian background 59 10 Black or Black British 62 13

Caribbean 65 14

African 58 13

Another Black background 62 *

Chinese 54 *

Other ethnic groups 55 8

Notes:

1 Data are on a Great Britain basis only because ‘British’ and ‘another White background’ are not col-lected in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the levels for these sub-categories do not sum to the White total. * Sample size too small for reliable estimate.

This table uses the National Statistics interim standard classification of ethnic groups and notes that previous published estimates should not be used for comparisons.

All data in the table is provisional due to “bedding in” of the new categories. Source: Labour Force

Doncaster health needs survey reported that

Pakistani respondents were twice as likely to

report having asthma. This raises concerns

about inadequate central heating and dust

and damp.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and

hypertension

Mortality data show that those born in

South Asia are about 20% more likely to

die of CHD than the ‘average’ population of

men and women aged 20–70. Other

estimates suggest higher rates, particularly

among diabetics.

The pattern for those born in the West

Indies or other sources of BME migration

does not show such a difference in respect

of heart attack/angina. However, Black

people of African-Caribbean origin are

significantly more at risk of stroke, and high

blood pressure conditions. Both may have

an impact on housing need through

concerns about accessibility using stairs.

Cancer

There seems to be a lower incidence of

most forms of cancer among BME groups.

Bangladeshi men appear to be at high risk

of gall bladder and liver cancers, and high

rates of mouth cancers are found in men

and women of Bengali origin. Housing

issues relate primarily to palliative care and

carer accommodation, as at present there

are low rates of uptake of hospice care

amongst BME communities.

Renal failure (kidney disease)

The risk of requiring dialysis treatment

(and/or transplant surgery) among people of

Asian origin is nearly fourteen times that for

white groups. Overall, the relative risk of

renal failure in both the Black and Asian

populations compared to the white

population is about three-fold, rising with

age. This may affect the need for space or

facilities for dialysis in the home.

Tuberculosis (TB)

There is some controversy over the observed

association between Tuberculosis and BME

groups — most specifically with those of

South Asian origin. While relatively high

rates of infection have been reported, it is

not clear to what extent this represents

‘imported’ disease among migrants and

visitors to the Indian subcontinent, poverty,

some genetic susceptibility to

non-respiratory forms of the disease or poor

housing conditions in the UK such as damp

and over-crowding. Refugees also have

relatively high risks of having TB.

Thalassaemia and Sickle Cell

These conditions are generally regarded as

‘ethnic-specific’ diseases. Thalassaemia is

associated with populations of South Asian

and Mediterranean origin, while Sickle Cell

is mostly found among people of West

African or African-Caribbean descent. Cold

and stressful conditions exacerbate the

condition; good central heating is essential.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE or

‘Lupus’)

Another ‘ethnic-specific’ disease, Lupus is

also found among the white population,

but it affects women much more often than

men, and black and Asian women more

than white women. It often presents as

unexplained pain and weakness, and may be

alleviated by warmth and absence of stress.

Mental health

HAs involved in meeting the growing

demands for community-based facilities,

day care, and ‘half-way’ discharge homes

for people leaving institutional mental care

should be aware that the provision of

mental health services is highly

controversial.

There is an over-representation of people of

African Caribbean origin as admitted

patients for schizophrenic illnesses and

concern regarding misdiagnosis. Asian and

African Caribbean groups are

under-represented as users of counselling and

other services for depression. There is also

increasing evidence that stress related to

racial harassment may be a health risk.

Accidents

There is some evidence that families, and

particularly children of BME origin are more

likely to require medical treatment arising

Sector Study 11

frequently no base data on expected levels

of need against which to make

comparisons. Access may be constrained or

affected by referral patterns. In other cases,

uptake is low because members of BME

communities perceive services as being

unresponsive to their needs, or

inappropriately provided. For some groups

bilingual support and information is an

essential requirement.

BME groups feel they are overlooked in

planning services, and that few services are

offered through organisations run by

members of their religious or cultural

community. Studies show high levels of

unmet needs arising from the more

frequent presence of children or people

with long-term limiting illness in BME

households. Assumptions are often made by

service providers that ‘they prefer to look

after their own’. This is not supported by

research and is discriminatory in terms of

resource allocation. The Health Survey for

England, and other studies, show lower

levels of social support among minority

families, and poorer access to support

groups.

Sources of further information

• Ahmad, W. and Atkin, K. (eds) 1996:

‘Race’ and Community Care.

Buckingham: Open University Press.

• Association of London Government

2000:

Sick of Being Excluded: Improving

the health and care of London’s black

and minority ethnic communities.

London: ALG.

• Butt, J. and Mirza, K. 1996:

Social Care

and Black Communities.

London: HMSO.

• Department of Health Social Care Group

and Social Services Inspectorate 1998:

They Look after their own, don’t they?:

Inspection of community care services for

black and ethnic minority older people.

London: DoH/SSI.

• Johnson M. R. D. et al 1996:

Local

Authority Occupational Therapy Services

and Ethnic Minority Clients, British

Journal of Occupational Therapy 59(3)

109–114.

from accidents in the home or near the

home. This is partly due to traffic patterns

in inner city areas, poverty and

overcrowding in the home.

Sources of further information

• Hill, D. and Penso, D. 1995:

Opening

Doors: Improving access to hospice and

specialist palliative care services by

members of the black and minority

ethnic communities Occasional Paper 7,

London: NCHSPCS.

• Nazroo, J. 1997:

The Health of Britain’s

Ethnic Minorities.

London: PSI.

• Nazroo, J. 1997:

Ethnicity and Mental

Health.

London: PSI.

• Pawar, A. 1998:

Equal Access to Safety.

Birmingham: Royal Society for the

Prevention of Accidents.

• Full details of the Health Survey for

England, including tables of data and the

text of report can be found on the

internet at:

www.doh.gov.uk/public/england.htm

• Current awareness bulletins about

developments in minority health are

exchanged on the mail-list

‘minority-ethnic-health’. This can be joined by

registering through the JISCMAIL site at:

www.jisc.ac.uk

Social services

The social care sector in general produces

few national estimates of levels of need and

service use by ethnicity, although there are

reports on the numbers of ‘looked after’

children in care, and specialist reports into

the uptake of specific care services (such as

learning disability and services for older

people).

Overall, the consistent conclusion of all local

studies has been that there is a lack of

knowledge about services among vulnerable

groups in the BME population, and relatively

low uptake. The potential demand for HAs

to make good these gaps in service

provision or act as a referral agency is,

therefore, large.

23

4

Conclusion

The key facts outlined above identify the

continuing inequalities faced by BME

communities. Different ethnic groups

experience varying trends, but overall

inequality remains deep rooted requiring

HAs to look at the responsiveness of their

housing services and also to look beyond

housing at their wider role in the

neighbourhoods in which they work.

The Appendices below provide some data

on the work of HAs. Appendix 1 focuses on

the lettings to BME households in each

English local authority area. Appendix 2

shows the percentage of BME staff and

BME members of the governing body for

each association, as well as its percentage

of lettings to BME households.

Additional information

This report was researched and written for

the Housing Corporation by Richard Tomlins

and David James, De Montfort University,

The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH.

Further information on the Sector Studies

series can be obtained from Siobhan

McHugh, Sector Analyst, Regulation

Division, on 020 7394 2024 or e-mail

siobhan.mchugh@housingcorp.gsx.gov.uk.

Sector Study 11

Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Adur 0.8 66 3.0 Allerdale 0.3 1,003 0.6 Alnwick 0.1 96 0.0 Amber Valley 0.4 283 1.4 Arun 0.6 186 3.8 Ashfield 0.5 189 2.1 Ashford 1.2 184 3.8 Aylesbury Vale 2.8 122 11.5 Babergh 0.6 102 3.9 Barking and Dagenham 4.9 228 12.3 Barnet 14.3 442 37.3 Barnsley 0.4 289 4.2 Barrow-in-Furness 0.4 125 0.8 Basildon 1.7 513 2.5 Basingstoke and Deane 1.8 880 3.8 Bassetlaw 0.6 128 0.8 Bath1 _1.9

Bath and NE Somerset1 _{967 4.1}

Bedford2 _{1,206 17.7}

Berwick-upon-Tweed 0.2 26 0.0 Bexley 4.3 1,061 10.8 Birmingham 14.4 4,059 42.6 Blaby 2.5 67 1.5 Blackburn 8.6 555 15.7 Blackpool 0.6 198 1.5 Blyth Valley 0.4 382 0.5 Bolsover 0.4 206 1.0 Bolton 5.1 852 10.1 Boothferry1 _0.3

Boston 0.5 558 0.9 Bournemouth 1.2 174 1.7 Bracknell2 _{142 3.5}

Bracknell Forest2 _1.9

Bradford 8.7 1,605 18.6 Braintree 0.9 152 0.7 Breckland 0.8 811 1.9 Brent 36.0 587 62.9 Brentwood 1.5 90 1.1 Bridgnorth 0.4 65 0.0 Brighton1 _2.2

Brighton and Hove1 _{468 9.0}

Bristol 3.9 960 19.3 Broadland 0.6 424 1.4 Bromley 3.7 1,339 16.4 Bromsgrove 1.0 92 2.2 Broxbourne 1.5 121 3.3 Broxtowe 1.6 144 3.5 Burnley 3.0 828 4.5 Bury 2.4 580 10.5 Calderdale 2.4 568 16.0 Cambridge 4.1 303 10.6 Camden 13.1 467 41.8 Cannock Chase 0.6 220 1.8 Canterbury 1.2 114 2.6 Caradon 0.4 50 4.0 Carlisle 0.4 228 0.4 Carrick 0.4 108 1.9 Castle Morpeth 0.6 72 1.4 Castle Point 1.0 35 0.0 Charnwood 4.1 392 14.0 Chelmsford 1.6 231 7.4 Cheltenham 1.3 159 1.9

Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Cherwell 2.6 248 8.9 Chester 0.7 337 2.1 Chesterfield 0.9 219 3.7 Chester-le-Street 0.5 25 0.0 Chichester 0.5 268 1.1 Chiltern 1.4 256 4.7 Chorley 0.8 307 2.9 Christchurch 0.5 192 0.5 City of London 4.5 17 41.2 Cleethorpes1 _0.6

Colchester 1.8 258 5.8 Congleton 0.5 436 0.7 Copeland 0.3 375 0.8 Corby 1.0 161 3.7 Cotswold 0.6 566 0.4 Coventry 7.9 1,548 15.6 Craven 0.4 82 0.0 Crawley 5.4 147 10.9 Crewe and Nantwich 0.9 193 2.1 Croydon 14.2 645 41.9 Dacorum 1.9 216 4.2 Darlington 1.1 256 2.3 Dartford 3.0 56 3.6 Daventry 0.7 173 1.2 Derby 6.5 1,240 16.7 Derbyshire Dales 0.3 51 0.0 Derwentside 0.3 227 0.9 Doncaster 1.2 525 2.1 Dover 0.6 286 3.2 Dudley 3.0 399 13.5 Durham 0.7 235 4.3 Ealing 23.8 465 55.1 Easington 0.4 343 0.3 East Cambridgeshire 0.7 396 1.5 East Devon 0.3 121 2.5 East Dorset 0.4 196 1.5 East Hampshire 0.7 448 1.1 East Hertfordshire 1.1 165 3.0 East Lindsey 0.4 680 0.6 East Northamptonshire 0.7 174 3.5 East Riding of Yorkshire1 _{279 1.4}

East Staffordshire 2.5 198 4.0 East Yorks, B of Beverley1 _0.7

East Yorkshire1 _0.2

Eastbourne 1.3 198 3.0 Eastleigh 1.2 364 3.3 Eden 0.2 260 0.0 Ellesmere Port and Neston 0.5 76 2.6 Elmbridge 2.5 512 4.1 Enfield 11.3 621 49.4 Epping Forest 1.8 127 9.5 Epsom and Ewell 4.0 180 11.7 Erewash 1.0 135 3.0 Exeter 1.0 317 4.7 Fareham 0.7 101 5.9 Fenland 0.6 131 2.3 Forest Heath 4.4 76 6.6 Forest of Dean 0.2 200 0.5 Fylde 0.5 134 2.2 Gateshead 0.6 578 1.4 Gedling 1.9 174 4.6 Gillingham1 _3.1

Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Medina1 _0.5

Medway1 _{1,087 4.1}

Melton 0.7 80 0.0 Mendip 0.3 232 1.3 Merton 12.6 290 26.2 Mid Bedfordshire 1.4 406 2.7 Mid Devon 0.4 144 2.8 Mid Suffolk 0.4 122 1.6 Mid Sussex 1.0 602 2.7 Middlesbrough 2.8 703 4.8 Milton Keynes 4.7 688 16.3 Mole Valley 0.9 41 2.4 New Forest 0.5 265 1.5 Newark2 _{305 1.3}

Newark and Sherwood2 _0.6

Newbury2 _1.3

Newcastle upon Tyne 2.5 797 7.7 Newcastle-under-Lyme 0.8 1237 1.6 Newham 31.6 677 53.0 North Bedfordshire2 _6.8

North Cornwall 0.4 155 1.3 North Devon 0.4 286 0.7 North Dorset 0.4 451 1.1 North East Derbyshire 0.4 98 2.0 North East Lincolnshire1 _{305 0.7}

North Hertfordshire 3.8 142 7.8 North Kesteven 0.5 69 4.4 North Lincolnshire1 _{273 2.2}

North Norfolk 0.3 157 0.6 North Shropshire 0.4 95 0.0 North Somerset2 _{140 2.1}

North Tyneside 0.8 829 0.6 North Warwickshire 0.5 86 3.5 North West Leicestershire 0.5 209 3.8 North Wiltshire 0.9 487 0.6 Northampton 4.5 398 13.6 Northavon1 _0.9

Norwich 1.1 428 2.3 Nottingham 7.7 1,354 20.3 Nuneaton & Bedworth 2.6 170 1.8 Oadby & Wigston 5.8 22 9.1 Oldham 4.6 801 22.5 Oswestry 0.3 30 3.3 Oxford 6.3 263 16.7 Pendle 5.2 352 5.7 Penwith 0.4 374 2.9 Peterborough1 _{4.9 676 10.4}

Plymouth 0.7 818 1.8 Poole 0.7 142 0.7 Portsmouth 1.7 527 6.1 Preston 6.2 912 10.9 Purbeck 0.4 55 0.0 Reading 6.9 263 18.6 Redbridge 14.7 198 42.9 Redcar and Cleveland2 _{560 1.6}

Redditch 2.5 199 5.0 Reigate and Banstead 1.9 128 3.1 Restormel 0.4 332 1.5 Ribble Valley 0.6 69 0.0 Richmond Upon Thames 3.9 453 14.8 Richmondshire 0.6 49 0.0 Rochdale 4.5 820 14.0 Rochester upon Medway1 _3.1

Rochford 0.8 122 0.8 Rossendale 1.4 167 4.8 Rother 0.6 353 2.0

Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Glanford1 _0.5

Gloucester 4.7 263 14.5 Gosport 0.7 158 1.3 Gravesham 5.4 36 13.9 Great Grimsby1 _0.8

Great Yarmouth 0.6 138 3.6 Greenwich 9.7 799 36.9 Guildford 1.4 127 5.5 Hackney 27.9 924 60.3 Halton 0.6 805 1.7 Hambleton 0.3 328 0.6 Hammersmith & Fulham 13.9 455 46.8 Harborough 0.7 78 1.3 Haringey 24.3 551 52.8 Harlow 2.6 107 6.5 Harrogate1 _{0.6 278 3.2}

Harrow 19.5 158 43.0 Hart 1.0 135 3.0 Hartlepool 0.5 515 1.6 Hastings 1.4 735 3.1 Havant 0.7 345 0.3 Havering 2.4 145 4.8 Hereford1 _0.7

Herefordshire, County of1 _{627 1.0}

Hertsmere 3.0 527 6.8 High Peak 0.5 142 2.8 Hillingdon 8.7 450 24.0 Hinckley & Bosworth 0.9 111 1.8 Holderness1 _0.3

Horsham 0.8 273 1.1 Hounslow 17.6 336 40.8 Hove1 _2.4

Huntingdonshire1 _{1.8 498 4.0}

Hyndburn 2.9 301 6.0 Ipswich 3.6 515 9.1 Isle of Wight1 _{567 2.1}

Isles of Scilly 0.0 1 0.0 Islington 14.8 544 46.9 Kennet 0.6 558 1.1 Kensington and Chelsea 12.5 487 41.9 Kerrier 0.4 423 2.8 Kettering 1.8 177 4.5 King's Lynn and West Norfolk 0.6 284 0.4 Kingston upon Hull 1.0 894 2.1 Kingston upon Thames 6.4 208 16.4 Kingswood1 _0.8

Kirklees 6.2 747 24.4 Knowsley 0.8 439 1.4 Lambeth 24.7 666 57.4 Lancaster 0.8 263 1.5 Langbaurgh-On-Tees2 _0.5

Leeds 4.0 2,110 25.7 Leicester 19.3 1,897 44.5 Leominster1 _0.2

Lewes 0.8 122 1.6 Lewisham 18.5 603 57.6 Lichfield 0.7 578 1.0 Lincoln 1.0 197 0.5 Liverpool 3.2 3,830 13.9 Luton 13.5 247 39.7 Macclesfield 0.8 215 1.9 Maidstone 1.3 116 3.5 Maldon 0.5 270 1.9 Malvern Hills1 _{0.4 395 0.8}

Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Rotherham 1.2 637 2.4 Rugby 3.7 183 8.2 Runnymede 1.8 82 6.1 Rushcliffe 1.6 74 5.4 Rushmoor 2.0 442 4.5 Rutland 0.5 29 0.0 Ryedale1 _{0.3 247 1.2}

Salford 1.6 872 8.1 Salisbury 0.6 230 2.6 Sandwell 9.6 832 28.7 Scarborough 0.4 289 0.4 Scunthorpe1 _2.0

Sedgefield 0.3 221 0.5 Sedgemoor 0.4 230 2.2 Sefton 0.7 1,008 2.0 Selby1 _{0.3 191 3.7}

Sevenoaks 0.8 547 2.4 Sheffield 3.5 1,191 20.3 Shepway 0.8 162 1.9 Shrewsbury & Atcham 0.6 132 0.8 Slough 18.7 328 37.5 Solihull 2.1 179 3.9 South Bedfordshire 1.5 117 7.7 South Buckinghamshire 2.1 268 4.5 South Cambridgeshire 1.0 149 2.0 South Derbyshire 1.1 125 1.6 South Gloucestershire1 _{266 2.6}

South Hams 0.3 318 1.6 South Herefordshire1 _0.3

South Holland 0.4 78 1.3 South Kesteven 0.7 149 0.7 South Lakeland 0.3 116 1.7 South Norfolk 0.3 168 1.2 South Northamptonshire 1.0 62 3.2 South Oxfordshire 0.8 487 3.3 South Ribble 0.7 630 2.4 South Shropshire 0.3 166 1.8 South Somerset 0.3 881 0.5 South Staffordshire 0.8 614 1.1 South Tyneside 1.2 506 1.8 South Wight1 _0.4

Southampton 3.3 464 9.7 Southend-on-Sea 1.8 328 3.7 Southwark 19.9 709 54.6 Spelthorne 2.7 390 8.5 St. Helens 0.5 484 1.0 St. Albans 3.4 112 17.9 St. Edmundsbury 0.9 174 1.7 Stafford1 _{1.3 295 3.1}

Staffordshire Moorlands 0.3 110 0.9 Stevenage 2.9 223 7.6 Stockport 1.7 568 3.9 Stockton-on-Tees 1.0 596 1.5 Stoke-on-Trent1 _{1.8 1,310 3.7}

Stratford-on-Avon 0.5 481 1.9 Stroud 0.5 102 3.9 Suffolk Coastal 1.6 425 1.4 Sunderland 0.8 420 1.7 Surrey Heath 2.0 212 5.2 Sutton 4.5 269 13.0 Swale 0.7 741 2.0 Swindon2 _{432 3.2}

Tameside 2.6 1,662 3.8 Tamworth 0.9 159 3.1

Local authority name % BME No. % BME at 1991 Census households of lets lettings

Tandridge 1.3 30 3.3 Taunton Deane 0.5 172 1.2 Teesdale 0.2 74 0.0 Teignbridge 0.3 161 1.9 Telford and Wrekin2 _{2,015 3.7}

Tendring 0.5 190 2.6 Test Valley 0.8 602 2.3 Tewkesbury 0.5 439 2.5 Thamesdown2 _2.5

Thanet 0.8 459 3.1 The Wrekin2 _2.4

Three Rivers 3.5 62 9.7 Thurrock 1.8 168 5.4 Tonbridge and Malling 0.8 604 2.2 Torbay 0.6 163 3.1 Torridge 0.3 93 2.2 Tower Hamlets 21.4 718 49.4 Trafford 4.0 1,038 10.7 Tunbridge Wells 1.0 546 3.3 Tynedale 0.3 286 0.0 Uttlesford 0.6 75 4.0 Vale of White Horse 1.1 456 2.0 Vale Royal 0.5 215 1.4 Wakefield 0.9 605 2.8 Walsall 6.0 862 16.2 Waltham Forest 18.9 571 56.6 Wandsworth 15.4 453 44.6 Wansbeck 0.3 88 1.1 Wansdyke1 _0.4

Warrington 0.9 491 1.4 Warwick 3.6 275 5.1 Watford 6.7 117 19.7 Waveney 0.4 338 1.5 Waverley 0.8 103 0.0 Wealden 0.6 179 1.7 Wear Valley 0.3 185 1.1 Wellingborough 5.5 149 11.4 Welwyn Hatfield 2.3 281 6.1 West Berkshire2 _{363 3.9}

West Devon 0.3 140 0.0 West Dorset 0.3 519 1.2 West Lancashire 0.6 167 1.8 West Lindsey 0.4 295 1.7 West Oxfordshire 0.8 63 1.6 West Somerset 0.3 191 0.0 West Wiltshire 0.9 632 4.0 Westminster, City of 15.5 800 46.1 Weymouth and Portland 0.5 182 1.7 Wigan 0.6 454 1.3 Winchester 0.7 207 3.4 Windsor and Maidenhead 3.3 601 6.5 Wirral 0.8 1,082 1.6 Woking 3.5 101 5.9 Wokingham 2.4 73 8.2 Wolverhampton 13.1 839 28.5 Woodspring2 _0.6

Worcester 1.3 172 2.9 Worthing 1.1 290 5.5 Wychavon 0.3 793 1.0 Wycombe 5.5 148 27.0 Wyre 0.4 536 1.3 Wyre Forest 0.7 569 1.1 York1 _{0.8 338 2.4}

Sources: Column 1: 1991 Census. Columns 2 and 3: CORE 2000/01. Notes:

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Ability 80 16.3 8 12.5 6 16.7 19 139 Accord 483 10.6 12 8.3 483 16.2 22 3,017 Acton 114 33.3 14 14.3 433 54.0 11 2,984 Adullam Homes 180 18.9 9 0.0 31 22.6 9 234 Advance 367 7.4 8 0.0 66 227 Aged Pilgrims Friend Society 503 0.0 15 0.0 12 69 Agudas Israel 70 75.7 15 73.3 10 30.0 4 283 Airways HS 64 20.3 8 12.5 243 25.5 15 2,269 AKSA 13 76.9 11 72.7 112 74.1 4 424 Aldwyck HA 299 15.4 14 21.4 549 13.1 20 4,796 Amicus Group 121 2.5 11 0.0 1 0 Anchor Trust 9,562 5.2 14 7.1 2,606 2.5 223 23,725

Anglia 269 1.5 15 0.0 1 0

Apex 97 11.3 8 0.0 1 0

Arawak Walton 22 77.3 13 76.9 107 58.9 2 553 Arches 31 12.9 16 12.5 169 37.9 1 799 Arcon 24 4.2 13 23.1 145 6.2 10 1,004 Arhag 16 100.0 15 86.7 47 76.6 11 382 Ashiana 36 86.1 13 84.6 80 55.0 10 535 Ashram 54 92.6 11 81.8 20 70.0 4 365 Ashton Pioneer 28 14.3 12 0.0 208 2.4 1 843 ASRA Midlands 114 93.9 13 84.6 75 70.7 7 571 ASRA Greater London 99 100.0 12 83.3 115 66.1 25 1,761

Atlantic 16 0.0 6 0.0 3 130

Axiom 72 4.2 10 0.0 251 6.4 7 1,511 Bailey 0 8 0.0 21 4.8 22 662 Banbury Homes 44 0.0 12 0.0 139 10.8 1 1,497 Banks Of Wear 24 25.0 12 8.3 33 18.2 3 206 Basildon Community 0 12 0.0 403 2.5 13 2,509 Battersea Churches 61 55.7 14 28.6 81 59.3 7 1,178 Beacon 117 14.5 13 7.7 361 8.6 18 4,076 Beaver 73 24.7 11 18.2 286 37.4 10 2,830 Bedfordshire Pilgrims 212 9.0 15 0.0 795 13.5 43 8,828 Beechdale Community 20 5.0 15 0.0 130 3.9 1 1,377 Belgrave Neighbourhood Co-op 0 19 84.2 54 74.1 1 329 Bentilee Community 26 0.0 16 0.0 334 0.6 1 929 Beth Johnson 190 1.1 9 0.0 577 1.7 14 3,071 Bethnal Green & Victoria Park 72 37.5 17 29.4 141 67.4 4 1,388 Birkenhead Forum 69 2.9 12 0.0 1 0.0 1 37 Birmingham Co-Op 22 18.2 10 10.0 1 0 Black Country Hsg & Com Srvs 123 16.3 8 0.0 184 17.4 2 1,315 Black Star 18 94.4 7 57.1 60 68.3 1 1 Blackwater 0 14 0.0 68 1.5 10 622 Bnai Brith JBG 29 10.3 11 0.0 30 0.0 10 458 Boleyn And Forest 30 36.7 11 18.2 35 9 Booths Charity 22 0.0 9 0.0 39 0.0 1 407 Boston Mayflower 96 0.0 15 0.0 469 0.6 1 4,637 Bourne 46 17.4 11 9.1 106 8.5 18 989 Bournemouth Churches 104 7.7 16 0.0 6 94 Bournville Village 268 10.1 12 0.0 298 10.7 5 3,033 Bournville Works 0 11 0.0 11 0.0 1 314 Bradford & Northern 677 3.6 16 6.3 2,226 7.2 55 11,357 Brighton HT 116 5.2 12 0.0 13 7.7 1 272 Brighton YMCA 105 7.6 11 9.1 1 79 Bristol Churches 80 12.5 12 8.3 133 26.3 11 1,932 Broadacres 156 1.3 15 0.0 335 0.6 7 4,480 Broadening Choices For Older People 215 22.3 11 18.2 1 175 Broadland 106 0.9 15 0.0 538 1.7 12 3,054 Bromford Carinthia 360 8.6 13 0.0 1,392 9.4 41 7,535 Bromford Charitable 0 13 0.0 48 4.2 11 273 Broomleigh 280 16.8 15 6.7 859 16.2 4 11,772 Brunel & Family 207 7.7 15 13.3 505 18.8 4 2,460

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Brunelcare 674 11.7 10 0.0 121 0.0 2 1,018 Buckinghamshire 10 10.0 13 15.4 31 19.4 5 326 Burnley & Padiham 191 1.6 18 11.1 548 2.0 1 5,212

Bush 7 28.6 13 15.4 32 1

Caldmore Area 136 21.3 11 27.3 344 30.2 4 1,729 Cambridge 264 3.8 8 0.0 182 6.0 6 1,125 Cara Irish 34 47.1 9 88.9 9 128

Carat 0 4 0.0 1 0

Carr Gomm Society 663 16.1 17 17.7 66 262 Castle Vale Community 9 0.0 16 12.5 99 8.1 1 613 CDS HA 232 6.9 11 0.0 710 12.3 6 5,031 Central and Cecil 273 45.4 15 13.3 63 17.5 10 1,170 Central Methodist 8 0.0 9 0.0 14 0 Centrepoint Soho 211 45.0 13 15.4 9 35 Chantry 80 8.8 16 6.3 531 13.0 10 2,296 Charlton Triangle Homes 12 50.0 15 26.7 87 37.9 1 1,243 Cheltenham & District 0 10 0.0 151 2.0 9 1,188 Cherwell 89 12.4 15 26.7 115 13.9 8 1,423 Chevin 3 0.0 10 20.0 3 0.0 4 80 Cheviot 96 1.0 10 0.0 386 0.8 14 2,321 Chichester Diocesan 44 4.6 15 6.7 85 4.7 11 1,227 Chiltern Hundreds HA 0 12 8.3 584 12.0 24 5,453

Chisel 2 0.0 9 33.3 5 97

Christian Action Enfield 39 23.1 13 7.7 90 35.6 4 725 Christian Alliance 187 15.5 8 12.5 16 38 Circle 33 370 33.2 18 11.1 456 44.1 28 9,881 Circle 33 HO 19 42.1 12 8.3 22 28 City And Counties 46 0.0 14 7.1 75 28 Clapton Community 29 44.8 15 26.7 59 69.5 1 959 Clays Lane Co-Op 13 23.1 5 0.0 149 50.3 1 50 Collingwood 190 6.8 13 7.7 786 8.3 17 4,896 Colne 48 2.1 20 0.0 121 1.7 5 1,230 Community HA 146 27.4 13 15.4 175 51.4 7 2,702 Co-op Development Society 51 39.2 15 13.3 39 7.7 16 666 Co-op Home Services 34 35.3 14 28.6 11 45.5 4 40 Cosmopolitan 48 8.3 14 7.1 245 7.4 7 1,706 Cotman 42 0.0 13 0.0 165 1.8 8 1,034 County Palatine 0 7 14.3 235 5.5 4 0 County Palatine (One) 113 1.8 12 16.7 7 1,026 Court (Berkshire) 112 8.0 10 0.0 45 0.0 4 348 Crosby 11 0.0 12 0.0 34 0.0 1 367 Crown 14 14.3 14 7.1 23 4.4 6 148 Croydon Churches 72 25.0 12 25.0 99 31.3 3 1,029 Croydon Peoples 16 93.8 9 100.0 33 75.8 3 179 Croydon YMCA 92 45.7 7 42.9 1 0 Crystal Palace 0 12 25.0 21 0 Dane Hsg (Congleton) 166 1.2 16 0.0 369 0.8 2 3,808 De Montfort 60 13.3 16 12.5 485 15.5 18 2,479 Derwent 183 3.8 13 7.7 634 7.3 22 3,092 Derwent & Solway 64 0.0 13 0.0 470 0.2 1 3,581 Devon & Cornwall HA 270 2.6 14 0.0 780 1.7 17 6,467 Devon & Cornwall Counties 0 10 0.0 1 0.0 17 25 Devon & Cornwall HT 0 10 0.0 1 0 Devon Community 267 1.1 15 0.0 41 0.0 9 576 Downland Group 86 2.3 10 0.0 1 0 Droitwich Spa & Rural 111 0.0 22 0.0 412 1.0 2 2679

Drum 32 3.1 9 0.0 1 0

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Eastleigh 83 4.8 16 0.0 225 3.6 5 4,210 Eden 49 0.0 16 100.0 143 0.0 2 1,444 Ekaya 22 86.4 12 91.7 3 100.0 4 67 Eldonian Community Co-Op 13 0.0 12 0.0 5 20.0 1 310 Elgar 0 16 0.0 430 0.5 4 4,686 Elim 22 9.1 11 0.0 48 16.7 10 219 Elmbridge 98 4.1 18 5.6 365 4.4 1 4,336 Endeavour 49 6.1 16 0.0 335 5.4 5 1,336 English Churches 1,183 20.5 11 9.1 875 9.9 176 8,703 English Rural 0 14 0.0 6 0.0 27 213 Enham Trust 314 0.6 11 0.0 8 0.0 1 168 Enterprise 5 96 2.1 9 22.2 279 2.2 6 1,519

Equity 2 0.0 12 8.3 31 60

Estuary 309 11.0 14 0.0 325 4.6 23 1,931 Evesham & Pershore 102 2.0 13 0.0 311 1.3 6 3,990 Exeter HS 56 0.0 14 0.0 105 6.7 1 895 Family 313 53.4 15 20.0 509 56.0 30 9,502 Family First 46 32.6 12 8.3 98 25.5 5 437 Family HA Birkenhead 3 100.0 10 0.0 60 0.0 1 350 Family HA Birmingham 56 25.0 11 18.2 277 49.5 4 1,795 Family HA Manchester 173 16.8 16 0.0 618 26.4 7 3,549 First Step 10 0.0 8 0.0 2 67

Five Counties 0 11 0.0 5 0

Flagship 74 2.7 9 0.0 1 0

Focus 667 24.9 11 9.1 1,655 39.9 27 11,185 Focus Two 7 14.3 14 14.3 21 34 Fortunegate Community 26 42.3 16 68.8 2 0.0 1 1,360 Fosseway 137 0.0 15 0.0 451 0.4 2 4,087 Foundation 19 89.5 16 87.5 78 48.7 1 252 Franklands Village 6 0.0 10 0.0 19 5.3 1 277 Friendship Hsg & Care 370 23.5 12 16.7 568 25.5 20 3,051 Girls Friendly Society Of E & W 82 17.1 20 5.0 10 26 Gloucestershire HA 56 16.1 14 7.1 314 8.0 11 1,651 Granta 372 8.1 9 0.0 242 7.0 19 1,183 Gravesend Churches 27 7.4 14 7.1 36 8.3 3 492 Greater Hornby 27 0.0 11 9.1 198 8.1 4 1,313 Griffin 19 42.1 10 20.0 22 63.6 9 363 Grosvenor 272 0.7 11 0.0 528 1.1 23 3,867 Guinness HA 0 9 0.0 68 2.9 7 578 Guinness Trust 784 16.5 15 6.7 2,438 11.2 110 18,648 Habinteg 71 21.1 12 16.7 248 7.7 38 1,998 Haig Homes 25 8.0 15 6.7 121 3.3 47 1,198 Hallam 22 13.6 12 0.0 172 11.1 6 1,086 Hallmark 30 73.3 10 100.0 107 34.6 2 401 Hamac 13 100.0 11 90.9 121 73.6 1 353 Hampshire Voluntary 117 6.0 13 0.0 113 0.9 10 875 Hanover 510 2.9 29 13.8 1,228 1.7 166 10,156 Harden 17 0.0 10 10.0 169 8.9 16 2,378 Harding 68 27.9 11 9.1 55 58.2 6 1,205 Harewood 48 8.3 10 0.0 388 15.5 12 1,841 Hart 37 5.4 14 0.0 118 2.5 6 2,415

Hartvale 49 4.1 12 0.0 1 0

Harvest 66 9.1 10 100.0 1 0

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Home Group 152 2.0 7 0.0 3,161 5.5 92 27,106 Hornsey 17 70.6 14 21.4 24 41.7 1 353 Hotel & Catering Benevolent 44 34.1 12 0.0 5 173 Housing 21 1,918 12.9 14 0.0 1,280 0.9 224 12,686 Housing For Women 18 61.1 9 22.2 52 59.6 8 553 Howard Cottage 29 100.0 17 5.9 86 5.8 5 1,223

HTC 0 15 46.7 7 57.1 1 401

Hull Churches 27 0.0 11 9.1 35 0.0 1 322 Hundred Houses 12 0.0 16 6.3 44 9.1 3 569 Huntingdonshire 174 2.3 17 11.8 196 4.1 1 6,448 Hyde 646 15.5 16 18.8 1,014 27.2 56 11,882 Hyde Southbank Homes 76 57.9 9 0.0 32 62.5 1 2,026 Impact 116 0.0 15 0.0 317 1.6 5 2,078 Industrial Dwellings 50 40.0 15 26.7 86 39.5 4 1,212 Innisfree 13 84.6 14 78.6 38 2.6 8 254 Inquilab 17 88.2 10 90.0 16 50.0 6 478 Irish Centre 42 69.1 8 75.0 4 0.0 3 67 Irwell Valley 176 11.4 11 9.1 986 14.2 11 5,900 Isle of Wight 119 4.2 16 0.0 104 1.9 1 512 Islington & Shoreditch 33 45.5 11 18.2 122 50.0 4 957 James Butcher 257 4.3 13 0.0 499 3.8 39 3,553 Jephson HA 74 1.4 14 7.1 213 7.5 22 1,755 Jephson Homes 276 4.4 14 7.1 1,029 12.7 70 7,000 John Grooms 62 24.2 15 6.7 115 13.0 53 986 Johnnie Johnson HT 239 2.9 13 0.0 509 3.9 33 3,570 Joseph Rowntree 259 0.8 8 0.0 76 1.3 11 1,297 Kelsey 57 7.0 11 9.1 291 6.2 26 2,074 Keniston 41 2.4 9 0.0 45 17.8 7 640 Kennet 17 5.9 10 0.0 48 6.3 6 408 Kensington 77 50.7 18 11.1 65 41.5 4 2,273 Kerrier 153 0.7 17 0.0 252 2.8 1 3,638

Keynote 0 7 0.0 1 0

King Street 15 0.0 11 0.0 14 0.0 2 179 Kingfisher 100 5.0 14 7.1 329 2.4 4 4,174 Kingsmead Homes (Hackney) 22 54.6 15 26.7 65 83.1 1 944 Knightstone HA 397 3.8 12 0.0 780 6.6 41 7,416 Kush 32 96.9 11 81.8 54 79.6 8 629 Landmark 10 60.0 9 22.2 2 50.0 18 53 Leasowe Community Homes 0 12 8.3 119 0.0 1 1,076 Lee 11 27.3 11 36.4 172 57.6 1 22 Leeds Federated 126 16.7 12 0.0 614 17.3 11 3,469 Leeds Jewish 25 40.0 20 100.0 67 95.5 1 398 Leeds Yorkshire 25 4.0 12 8.3 140 15.0 6 1,052 Leicester 322 19.3 14 21.4 996 23.5 34 5,176 Leicester Newarke 19 5.3 19 31.6 412 51.9 1 107 Lichfield & District 124 2.4 16 0.0 429 1.4 1 4,574 Limehurst Village Trust 10 0.0 14 0.0 85 3.5 1 635 Lincolnshire Rural 9 0.0 12 8.3 43 2.3 9 286 Linen & Woollen Drapers Inst 254 18.5 17 0.0 3 362 Liver 388 2.6 15 0.0 421 2.4 5 4,434 Liverpool HT 293 7.5 15 6.7 872 6.5 6 8,758 London & Quadrant Bexley 0 16 0.0 285 5.3 1 3,858 London & Quadrant HT 622 30.7 13 7.7 1,587 32.5 60 19,765 Longhurst HA 124 1.6 18 0.0 646 3.3 29 3,133 Look Ahead 443 46.7 13 23.1 11 585 Luton Churches 18 16.7 9 22.2 56 32.1 2 369 Macedon 72 16.7 11 0.0 3 33.3 1 0 Magna HA 239 0.0 15 0.0 521 2.3 25 5,769

Magna HG 65 4.6 9 0.0 1 0

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Maritime 122 4.1 10 10.0 296 4.7 13 3,103 Medina HA 64 0.0 7 0.0 184 1.1 1 2,837 Medina Hsg & Care Group 0 8 12.5 1 0 Mercian 90 14.4 11 18.2 226 15.5 12 2,021 Merseyside 3 0.0 10 0.0 28 7.1 4 250 Methodist Homes 203 4.4 7 14.3 90 0.0 19 541 Metropolitan HO 37 40.5 11 9.1 72 0 Metropolitan HT 500 34.4 14 7.1 848 28.4 42 11,651 Mid Beds 85 4.7 16 6.3 246 2.4 1 2,903 Midland Area 66 42.4 12 33.3 480 73.3 5 3,736 Midsummer HA 51 7.8 12 8.3 6 0 Midsummer Homes 0 9 11.1 130 26.9 4 1,253 Minster General 65 1.5 12 0.0 269 7.1 7 1,457

Moat HG 345 3.2 11 0.0 1 0

Moat HO 0 10 10.0 112 0

Moat HS 0 9 0.0 424 8.3 47 3,118 Moseley & District 86 40.7 12 16.7 109 54.1 1 1,130 Mosscare 65 35.4 10 20.0 350 60.9 5 2,384 Mount Green 29 3.5 8 12.5 52 3.9 7 673 Muir Group 133 4.5 17 0.0 590 2.5 27 3,380 Nacro Community Enterprises 391 23.3 11 18.2 4 33 National Council of YMCAs 746 4.4 24 100.0 26 677 Nehemiah 21 81.0 12 91.7 46 63.0 4 303 Nene 93 7.5 10 10.0 413 9.2 15 2,647 Neston & Parkgate 6 0.0 0 0.0 15 0.0 1 182 Network 222 67.6 15 40.0 416 45.7 35 5,007 New Charter (North) 66 4.6 11 0.0 1 8,505 New Charter (South) 84 1.2 13 15.4 1 7,615 New Charter HT 221 4.1 13 0.0 1 0 New Downland 163 2.5 13 0.0 970 2.9 37 8,265 New Era 629 6.2 16 0.0 140 50 New Islington & Hackney 354 25.4 13 15.4 261 46.4 10 5,090 New Progress 42 0.0 13 0.0 411 3.9 11 2,845 Newcastle & Whitley 14 100.0 10 0.0 103 14.6 6 695 Newcastle-Under-Lyme 324 2.2 14 0.0 1,051 1.3 1 9,554 Newlon 80 45.0 15 26.7 173 61.3 7 3,152 Nomad Hsg Group 61 0.0 12 0.0 408 2.2 18 2,138 North British 882 4.4 13 7.7 3,754 10.2 225 36,781 North British HG 0 13 7.7 1 0 North British Third 373 7.0 12 0.0 41 609 North Cheshire 100 2.0 12 8.3 395 4.1 17 2,532 North Devon Homes 71 0.0 14 0.0 144 1.4 1 3,234 North London Muslim 26 84.6 19 84.2 23 95.7 3 430 Northamptonshire Rural 0 13 0.0 4 130 Northcote 21 33.3 13 7.7 50 0 Northern Counties 544 4.2 11 18.2 2,790 7.1 76 15,362 Norwich 7 0.0 12 0.0 62 0.0 1 270 Notting Hill HO 57 42.1 13 30.8 86 15 Notting Hill HT 533 43.7 13 30.8 458 49.6 11 10,265 Nottingham Community 326 12.0 13 15.4 1,084 11.0 24 5,088 Oakfern 71 1.4 16 0.0 337 5.6 3 4,069 Octavia Hill 95 29.5 13 7.7 77 45.5 8 1,479 Old Ford 40 32.5 10 10.0 81 27.2 1 167 Optima Community 64 29.7 13 15.4 304 30.3 1 2,002 Orbit 909 8.5 14 7.1 1,658 7.2 86 13,414 Orbit Bexley 0 16 6.3 366 7.7 1 3,913 Orbit First Step 0 9 11.1 85 0

Oriel 0 10 10.0 1 0

Orwell 123 0.8 16 0.0 297 4.0 15 1,972 Otto Schiff 128 78.9 8 100.0 3 77 Oxbode 7 0.0 7 0.0 53 7.6 1 262 Oxford Citizens 99 9.1 13 7.7 197 11.7 6 1,708 Paddington Churches 370 51.9 12 33.3 627 50.7 14 8,383 Papworth Village 12 0.0 9 0.0 7 0.0 7 354

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Parchment 77 1.3 11 0.0 1 0

Parkside 36 16.7 8 12.5 1 0

Partnership 214 0.9 7 0.0 1 0 Patchwork Community 81 56.8 13 15.4 3 33.3 11 50 Pavilion 99 2.0 18 0.0 402 4.0 5 4,740 Peabody Trust 662 28.1 13 23.1 559 44.5 25 16,703 Peddars Way 67 0.0 16 0.0 788 2.5 18 7,576 Penwith 112 0.0 15 0.0 385 3.1 5 3,669 People First 8 25.0 9 33.3 28 39.3 1 249 Peter Bedford 54 33.3 15 20.0 2 0.0 3 102 Petersfield 4 0.0 9 0.0 5 0.0 1 165 Phoenix House 300 8.3 12 8.3 3 0 Pickering & Ferens Homes 36 0.0 23 4.4 79 1.3 1 1,115 Pierhead 41 2.4 13 0.0 232 10.3 5 1,471 Pine Court 7 71.4 6 100.0 51 52.9 2 352 Plume 76 2.6 14 0.0 225 2.2 8 2,387 Pollards Hill 21 23.8 12 25.0 77 28.6 1 871 Poplar HARCA 144 31.3 17 11.8 118 49.2 1 3,737 Portico 107 6.5 9 11.1 486 13.8 12 3,297 Portsmouth 105 2.9 20 5.0 365 3.0 4 3,176 Presentation 72 79.2 10 70.0 196 52.0 21 2,939

Progress 104 1.9 12 0.0 1 0

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

South Hams 120 0.0 15 0.0 216 0.9 1 2,981 South Liverpool 90 4.4 14 0.0 368 3.5 1 4,130 South London Family 508 40.0 16 18.8 596 38.8 28 8,038 South Oxfordshire 111 4.5 15 0.0 366 3.0 1 4,715 South Shropshire 157 1.3 16 0.0 146 2.1 3 1,814 South Somerset Homes 268 0.4 18 0.0 691 0.4 1 8,426 South Staffordshire 194 2.6 15 0.0 489 0.4 2 5,157 South Warwickshire 113 4.4 15 0.0 439 1.8 6 5,554 South West Co-Op 4 0.0 11 0.0 5 0.0 9 361 South Wight 55 0.0 10 0.0 242 3.3 1 2,271 South Yorkshire 250 6.8 16 18.8 631 9.5 9 2,719 Southlands 8 25.0 20 5.0 7 46 Sovereign 291 0.3 11 0.0 608 4.6 60 10,523 Spelthorne 0 18 5.6 299 9.0 2 3,341 Spitalfields Co-Op 10 70.0 15 73.3 6 50.0 2 346 Springboard 1,150 27.4 14 21.4 490 15.5 22 4,010 St Anne's Shelter & Hsg Action 724 6.9 17 11.8 4 109 St Christophers Fellowship 107 50.5 14 14.3 6 16 St Helens 140 0.7 12 0.0 25 0.0 1 197 St John Kemble 19 0.0 11 0.0 87 0.0 1 180 St Marylebone 53 41.5 16 0.0 104 33.7 8 1,730 St Matthew Society 109 3.7 10 0.0 20 177 St Mungo Community 514 33.9 12 8.3 9 55 St Pancras 236 27.1 17 17.7 298 24.2 46 3,386 St Vincents HA 111 18.0 16 18.8 266 17.7 15 2,112 Staffordshire 76 2.6 14 0.0 350 3.1 4 1,802 Stoke On Trent HS 0 12 0.0 167 8.4 1 395 Stonham 1,811 6.8 11 9.1 135 435 Stort Valley 0 17 0.0 127 7.9 10 534 Suffolk 38 100.0 13 0.0 217 4.6 10 1,142 Suffolk Heritage 96 0.0 14 7.1 660 1.2 18 6,749 Surrey Community Trust 60 13.3 13 7.7 12 211 Surrey Heath 75 6.7 15 0.0 183 4.9 3 2,734 Sussex Housing And Care 173 4.6 14 0.0 44 0.0 6 309

Sutherland 0 7 14.3 16 0

Sutton 16 0.0 9 11.1 54 11.1 1 399 Swale 134 14.2 9 11.1 605 2.3 3 6,571

Swan 85 3.5 28 10.7 10 366

Swaythling 132 3.0 23 8.7 403 4.5 20 3,881 Tamar 11 9.1 10 0.0 76 5.3 4 400 Teachers Benevolent 52 13.5 12 0.0 80 10.0 11 501 Tees Valley HG 104 1.9 13 0.0 728 2.1 13 2,904 Templar HA 22 0.0 18 5.6 65 1.5 5 510 Ten Sixty Six 154 3.9 16 0.0 530 3.2 1 4,388 Testway 164 1.2 15 6.7 473 2.1 1 5,145 Thames 48 39.6 9 11.1 116 49.1 10 1,729 Thames Valley 107 26.2 11 0.0 319 21.9 54 184 Thames Valley Charitable 0 11 0.0 29 2,841 Thanet Community 62 0.0 15 0.0 303 3.3 1 2,468 Three Rivers 86 1.2 16 6.3 525 1.3 14 1,724 Threshold Key Homes 0 12 16.7 7 14 Threshold Tennant 193 50.3 15 13.3 224 36.2 18 3,028 Tonbridge & Malling 162 1.2 15 0.0 537 2.4 4 6,311 Touchstone 301 6.0 9 22.2 1,197 17.2 55 8,363 Tower Hamlets Community 45 37.8 17 29.4 1 1,254 Tower Homes 40 20.0 9 0.0 64 439 Town & County 0 9 0.0 6 112 Toynbee 57 40.4 16 25.0 226 38.1 15 2,008 Toynbee Partnership 4 75.0 16 25.0 5 0 Trident 260 31.9 11 0.0 248 27.0 10 2,067 Tung Sing 14 50.0 12 58.3 23 73.9 2 249 Tuntum 49 87.8 49 87.8 147 46.3 5 528 Turning Point 952 15.3 11 0.0 11 0

Two Care 201 13.9 9 0.0 9 0

Total on % BME No. LAs No. self Total % BME governing on gov. Total % BME working contained

Housing association staff staff body body lettings lettings in units

Twynham 90 2.2 14 0.0 201 1.0 13 2,190 Tynedale 105 1.0 15 0.0 258 0.0 1 3,391 Ujima 127 95.3 11 90.9 332 69.6 18 2,701 United HA 12 58.3 12 75.0 91 52.8 3 570 United Churches (Birmingham) 6 83.3 7 100.0 26 88.5 1 121 Unity 25 60.0 11 81.8 180 65.0 1 880 Vale 169 1.2 15 0.0 356 2.3 2 4,847 Vange Community 1 0.0 10 0.0 53 3.8 1 706 Venture 28 0.0 11 0.0 209 10.5 2 1,243 Villages HA 56 0.0 8 0.0 183 2.7 1 1,789 Walbrook 264 15.9 11 18.2 452 18.4 14 2,423 Walterton & Elgin CH 11 45.5 20 25.0 40 45.0 1 519 Waltham Forest 12 25.0 12 25.0 25 44.0 1 312 Waltham Forest Community 53 41.5 16 25.0 124 62.9 1 1,360 Wandle 71 47.9 12 41.7 189 48.7 23 2,811 Warden 331 14.5 11 9.1 363 9.4 84 5,539 Warrington 34 2.9 11 0.0 124 1.6 1 1,048 Warwickshire Rural 0 9 0.0 4 165 Waterloo 99 4.0 13 15.4 418 7.9 19 2,737 Welwyn Garden City 74 13.5 12 0.0 47 0.0 1 283 West Devon Homes 36 2.8 17 5.9 98 0.0 1 1,362 West Hampstead HA 82 72.0 13 23.1 6 467 West Kent 137 5.8 10 0.0 446 2.9 2 5,313 West Links 121 0.0 16 0.0 203 0.5 1 3,766 West Mercia 45 4.4 10 10.0 1 0 West Pennine 79 10.1 11 27.3 386 19.7 11 2,489 West Wiltshire 147 2.0 18 0.0 484 3.5 2 5,095 West Yorkshire 49 10.2 13 15.4 111 15.3 6 689 Westcountry 141 1.4 13 15.4 300 3.3 15 2,334 Western Challenge HA 153 4.6 11 0.0 400 2.3 39 3,747 Western Challenge HG 0 9 0.0 1 0 Westfield 12 0.0 12 0.0 86 1.2 1 433 Westlea 205 1.5 18 11.1 382 0.3 3 5,694 Westway 18 100.0 10 100.0 23 60.9 5 338 Weymouth & Portland 106 0.9 18 5.6 48 2.1 2 3,003 Wherry 0 16 0.0 453 1.3 28 4,421 William Sutton Trust 556 9.0 9 22.2 1,807 6.5 43 15,822 Willow Park 195 4.6 14 14.3 514 5.3 1 6,350 Winchester HA 0 12 0.0 137 3.7 6 758 Winchester HG 44 0.0 12 0.0 1 0 Windmill 25 0.0 10 0.0 88 2.3 4 612 Windsor & District 101 5.0 14 7.1 314 3.2 8 3,255 Wirral Methodist 24 0.0 15 0.0 87 3.5 2 667 Wolds 5 0.0 14 0.0 18 0.0 5 201 Womens HT 10 20.0 7 0.0 5 38 Womens Pioneer 49 20.4 13 15.4 51 54.9 7 960 Worcestershire 38 5.3 11 0.0 144 3.5 7 896 Worthing Homes 63 3.2 17 5.9 112 5.4 2 2,343 Wrekin HT 513 1.4 16 0.0 1,607 4.0 1 12,251 Wycombe Friendship 0 9 0.0 11 45.5 2 101 Wyedean 7 100.0 11 100.0 117 0.9 2 344 Wykeham Properties 0 11 0.0 2 46 Wyre 109 1.8 18 0.0 456 1.1 6 2,931 Wyre Forest Community 407 1.5 18 0.0 453 0.7 1 5,983 York 30 0.0 9 0.0 53 5.7 5 336 Yorkshire Community 246 3.7 12 8.3 1,250 5.5 20 8,377 YWCA Of GB 56 28.6 20 0.0 1 0.0 5 56

Sources: Columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8: 2000 RSR. Columns 5 and 6: CORE 2000/01 Notes:

1 CORE data shown refers to general needs lettings only, hence HAs with few or no general needs units do not have any CORE data shown in this table. 2 Participation in CORE is not mandatory for all HAs and some smaller HAs do not provide their lettings

23

4

Appendix 3: Local authority boundary changes since 1991 census

Current name Previous name

Bath and NE Somerset Bath Wansdyke Brighton and Hove Brighton

Hove

East Riding of Yorkshire Boothferry (part) East Yorkshire

East Yorkshire Borough of Beverley Holderness

Harrogate Harrogate (part) Herefordshire, County of Hereford

Huntingdonshire Huntingdonshire (part) Isle of Wight Medina

South Wight Malvern Hills Leominster (part)

Malvern Hills (part) Medway Gillingham

Rochester-upon-Medway North East Lincolnshire Cleethorpes

Great Grimsby North Lincolnshire Boothferry (part)

Glanford Scunthorpe

Peterborough Huntingdonshire (part) Peterborough (part) Ryedale Ryedale (part) Selby Selby (part) South Gloucestershire Kingswood Northavon Stafford Stafford (part) Stoke-on-Trent Stafford (part) Stoke-on-Trent York Harrogate

Ryedale (part) Selby (part) York

Appendix 4: Local authority name changes since 1991 census

Current name Previous name

Bedford North Bedfordshire Bracknell Bracknell Forest Newark Newark and Sherwood North Somerset Woodspring