Chapter 2

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Science 14 Chapter 2^Workbook

Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds

Name: ________________________ Period: ______

Using the periodic table ___ / 10 Turn Penny to gold ___ / 2 Build with molecular model kits ___ / 10 Uses of Elements and Compounds ___ / 19 Interpreting Chemical Formulas ___ / 19 Crossword ___ / 20 Total: ___ / 80 mks

Video: Atoms and their Electrons Project: Element Research

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What is the chemist’s most important tool?

__________________ ______________ of __________________

How can we organize elements into meaningful groups?

_________________________ & ____________________________

What properties will tell you if an object is a metal?

_____________ ____________ _____________ ________________

What do the letters and numbers in a chemical formula mean? 3CO2

The C stands for the element ________________

The O stands for the element ________________

The little 2 is called a _________________ and meansthat ______________________.

The 3 is called a _________________ and means that ____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________.

EG

If you order a combo meal, you get:

1 S (sandwich), 1 M (milk), 10 Cr (carrot sticks) and 2 Ck (cookies).

Here’s the chemical formula for a combo: SMCr10Ck2

If you order a combo for you and two friends, here’s what you get:

3SMCr10Ck2

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P22 Mr. Brand, what were you thinking???????

He thought that since urine was a golden color….

___________________________________________________________

He putrefied and heated his “liquid gold”, hoping that it would become ____________.

At night, he realized the substance was __________________. He discovered the element ____________________ for which the symbol is ___. (how ironic!!!) This element comes from the ____________ in our bodies and some leeches out in urine. He actually took his “cold light” show on the road to perform at private parties and

eventually sold his secret to another entrepreneur.

Pennies to “Gold” Lab Activity

When the penny turned “silver”, it was actually coated or __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

with the metal __ __ __ __. (like the candy shell on a Smartie)

When heated, the “silver” penny turned “gold” as the two metals mixed uniformly.

This particular golden metal-mix is called __ __ __ __ __ , and is used for musical instruments such as cymbals on a drum kit.

Generally, a mixture of metals is known as an __ __ __ __ __ . How would you categorize brass? ___________________

What’s up with the strange letters and names?

Tungsten 74 has W as it’s symbol, because W stands for: ________________

The name "wolframite" is derived from German "wolf rahm" ("wolf soot" or "wolf cream"), the name given to tungsten by Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747. This, in turn, derives from "Lupi spuma", the name Georg Agricola used for the element in 1546, which translates into English as

"wolf's froth" or "cream" (the etymology is not entirely certain), and is a reference to the large amounts of tin consumed by the mineral during its extraction.^[5] "Wolframite" is the basis for the chemical symbol 'W' for tungsten as a chemical element.

WHO KNEW!!!!! NOW YOU KNOW!!!!! From wikipedia

No matter what language you speak or read, W is Tungsten. That’s that.

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Chapter 2 Do assigned questions from text in beautiful meaningful sentences.

______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

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Show groups, periods, metals, non-metals, noble gasses, metalloids, halogens

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CHAPTER 2 (have some samples to look at) find on Periodic table. ^{BLM 2–2}

SKILL BUILDER Metal or Non-metal?

How can you tell whether a substance is a metal or non-metal by looking at its properties?

Look at some real samples of the substances if possible.

Substance: Write them element symbol and atomic number for

each. (lustrous)^Shiny

Easily Shaped (malleable)

Conducts Heat and Electricity

Can be Pulled into

a Wire (ductile)

State (S = solid, L = liquid,

G = gas) Metal or Non-metal?

gold bar     ^S ^metal

neon sign

tin can

silver coins

magnesium fire starter

copper pipe

phosphorous glow stick

oxygen

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Try to spell your name(s) or other nice random words with the elements: ___/ 10 mks

(eg)

Copper Zinc = cousin = CuZn Calcium Boron = CaB

______________________________________ __/2 mks ______________________________________

Find these elements (name and symbol): __/ 5 mks Remember:

Periods and Rows go across (PR)

Columns and Groups go up and down. (GC)

Row 2, Column 13 = ________________ , ____

Period 4, Group 1 = _________________ , ____

Row 6, Column 1 = _________________ , _____

Period 3, Group 15 = ________________ , _____

Row 6, column 13: _________________ , ______

Solve this puzzle: Put the chemical symbols of the elements __/2 mks Row 5, Column 8 = __________

Row 7, Column 9 = ___________ ………then you better fill up with gas!

Here’s another, (write the chemical symbols beneath each one): ___/ 1 mk Uranium Argon Silicon Lithium

_____ _____ _____ _____ !

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CHAPTER 2 BLM 2–3

answers on P 37 Uses of Elements and Compounds ^__/19

All matter in the universe contains elements. Most substances are compounds that are a combination of elements. Complete the chart below and decide whether items are elements or compounds.

Discuss: Can you identify the elements and compounds in the labs and demos you have done so far?

Substance Element (e)

Compound (c) List some Uses ___/ 12

aluminum (Al(s)) e baseball bats, foil, manufacturing

carbon (C(s))

carbon dioxide (CO2(g)) copper (Cu(s))

glucose (C6H12O6(s)) gold (Au(s))

helium (He(g)) Limestone

calcium carbonate CaCO3(s)

methane (CH4(g)) propane (C3H8(g)) silver (Ag(s))

sucrose (C12H22O11(s)) tungsten (W(s))

1. Many products have familiar names as well as the official IUPAC name scientists use. Match the consumer products with the appropriate IUPAC name and formula. The table on page 37 of your textbook will help you. View the video clip of Russian algae discovery and record the symbols on the jar in the lab. _______ Even though the Russian alphabet is somewhat different than ours, (it is Cyrillic),eg: Большое спасибо за информацию, which means thank you very much for the information, we all use the same symbols for chemistry. Why?

__________________________________________________________________________.

Common consumer products Fancy-shmancy chemical name and formula

___ baking soda ___ used to bleach hair ___ battery acid

___ food seasoning ___ table salt ___ road de-icer ___ cleaner

(a) sulfuric acid (H2SO4(l))

(b) sodium phosphate (Na3PO4(s)) (c) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3(s)) (d) magnesium chloride (MgCl2(s))

(e) monosodium glutamate (NaC5H8NO4(s)) (f) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2(l))

(g) sodium chloride (NaCl(s))

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OVERHEAD MASTER What’s in a Formula?

Now you figure out this chemical formula below::

What is the chemical name for this substance? _____________ ________________________

What is the common name for this substance? _____________ or ___________________

List four common substances made from this molecule: Get crackin’! Chalk it up to experience.

___________________, _________________, ___________________ , ___________________

2CaCO

3 (s)

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Practice your skills in reading chemical formulas by completing the chart below ^{BLM 2–6}

Interpreting Chemical Formulas ^__/14

*ionic compounds made of metal and non-metal, others are molecules Chemical

Name of the Compound

Common Uses Chemical Formula

Symbol, Name and Number of

Elements

Total Number of Atoms in 1 molecule of

the compound

*calcium carbonate

Chalk , eggshell,

limestone, marble CaCO3(s)

Ca = Calcium = 1 C = Carbon = 1

O = Oxygen = 3 5

*sodium phosphate

heavy-duty

cleaner Na3PO4(s)

*magnesium

chloride de-icing roads MgCl 2 (s)

*monosodium glutamate (MSG)

food seasoning NaC5H8NO4(s)

hydrogen peroxide

bleach and

disinfectant H2O2(l)

glucose sugar C6H12O6(s)

carbon dioxide

fizz in pop, dry ice, fire

extinguishers CO2(g)

freon-12 refrigerator

coolant CCl2F2(g)

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BLM 2–6

Interpreting Chemical Formulas (continued) ____ / 5 1. (a) What do the subscript numbers that follow an element symbol in a chemical formula

tell us? For example, what does the little number 2 mean in Cl2? ______________________

(b) If there is no subscript number, what number is understood? _______

2. Strychnine is an extremely poisonous compound. Swallowing just 60 mg of this poison could be fatal.

The chemical formula for strychnine is C21H22N2O2(l).

Strychnine prevents the proper operation of the chemical that controls nerve signals to the muscles. The chemical controlling nerve signals works like the body’s “off switch” for muscles. When this “off switch” does not work correctly, muscles throughout the body have severe, painful spasms.

Even though the person’s consciousness or thinking are not affected at first (except that the person is very excitable and in pain), eventually the muscles tire and the person can’t breathe.

Today, strychnine is used primarily as a pesticide, particularly to kill rats. Chemical Emergencies website

(a) How many different elements are present in strychnine? _______

Name these elements: __________________________________________________________

(b) What is the total number of atoms represented by this formula? Show your work.

Hoffman Apparatus: Student assisted demo Use electrolysis to decompose substances to determine if they are compounds or elements. Model the reaction with the molecule kits. Label the diagram. Test the pH of each side. Test the gasses to identify them.

.

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ICT 2–2 The Periodic Table

Deck of cards demo

Have your teacher tell you the tragic but true history of Dmitri Mendeleev, from “A Short History of Nearly Everything) by Bill Bryson ,

First of all, what do you already know?

How are chemical elements classified?

What is the periodic table?

What are the properties of metal and non-metal elements?

The Periodic Table applet will help you answer these questions.

What to Do

Launch The Periodic Table applet on your computer by following these steps:

a. log on

b. start  student menu  lab 160  science.connect1  science.connect1

periodic table applet then go to Screen 1: Dmitri Mendeleev,

then as you read/do each screen , answer the questions on the worksheet c. blue words need to be clicked to get more info

d. when the page is complete, the arrow will light up at the bottom right of the screen What Did You Discover?

Screen 1: Dmitri Mendeleev

(a) Describe Mendeleev’s contribution to chemistry.

_________________________________________________________

(b) Define the following terms:

element: _______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

atomic mass. __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

(c) How many elements are currently found on the periodic table? _______

Screen 2: The Periodic Table

(a) Write the full name for the following elements.

H = ______________

He = ______________

Au = ______________

Pb = ______________

(b) What property did Mendeleev use to group elements in his periodic table?

_________________________

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Screen 3: Properties of Metals

(a) List three properties of metals.

______________ ____________________ ______________________

(b) Define the term “physical properties.”_________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Screen 4: Properties of Non-metals

List three properties of non-metals.

______________ ______________________ __________________

Screen 5: Match the Properties

Complete this table as you work on this screen.

Physical Property Metal Non-metal

Lustre

Conducts Electricity Bendable or Brittle Example

Screen 6: Test the Properties

Complete this table as you conduct the tests on this screen.

Symbol Element Name Lustre Conductivity Metal or Non-metal Na

I P He Ba

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Screen 7: Place the Non-metals

(a) As you move the mouse over each element, the name will appear at the bottom of the screen. Use this procedure to complete this chart.

Symbol Element Name Symbol Element Name

He I

P Kr

Ne C

O

b) Where are the non-metals located on the periodic table? _____________________

Screen 8: Place the Metals

(a) As you move the mouse over each element, the name will appear. Use this procedure to complete this chart .

Symbol Element Name Symbol Element Name

Na Fe

Ca Cu

Ba Hg

W

(b) Where are the metals located on the periodic table?________________

Screen 9: Check Your Prediction

(a) Predict Metal elements are found on the __________________ side and the _______________

elements are found on the right side of the periodic table.

(b) Use the information on this screen to complete this table. The first one is done for you.

Symbol Element Name Metal Non-

metal Description

Br bromine  corrosive liquid

Cr S Al

.

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VOCABULARY CHECK Pure Substances Crossword ^__/22

Across

1. one of the most important tools for chemists (2 words)

6. the smallest form of an element

8. These elements tend to be malleable and shiny.

10. A pure substance that contains two or more elements.

12. played cards with the elements to develop a periodic table

13. elements found on the right side of the periodic table

15. There is one atom of this element in every particle of water (H2O).

16. This title describes a person who tried to make gold from lead.

18. an element short form that is the same in every language (2 words)

20. shorthand that describes a chemical (2 words)

21. vertical columns of the periodic table Down

1. rows in the periodic table

2. association that standardized element symbols and chemical names

3. process that can separate elements from compounds (2 words)

4. simplest form of a pure substance

5. He discovered phosphorous.

7. process used to plate metal onto a substance

9. This element is found in pop cans and baseball bats.

11. This gas makes balloons float.

14. This property describes shine.

17. This poisonous metal is a liquid at room temperature.

19. an element that gives plumbers their title

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Research Re-cap:

Element Name: ___________________

Element Symbol: ____

Found in Period ___, Group ___

Atomic Number: ____

Atomic mass rounded off: ________

How many protons: ____

How many electrons: ___

How many neutrons: ___

Category of element: ___________

Interesting information:

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Build molecules:

Oxygen Fluorine

Hydrogen Iodine

Nitrogen Ozone

Chlorine Sulfur (draw, label, colour)

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Build molecules of molecular compounds

Water Hydrogen Peroxide

Sodium Azide (air bag chemical) Ethanol

Methane Glucose

Propane Carbon Dioxide

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Build model of ionic compounds (metal + non-metal) Table salt: Sodium Chloride NaCl (s)

These are both models of NaCl. What’s the same and what’s the difference?

Here’s a version of Calcium Carbonate CaCO3(s)