Measured crop performance. Part I, Corn hybrids. Part II, Corn silage. Part III, Grain sorghum. Part IV, Soybeans. 1978

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Research Report No. 69

December, 1978

Measured crop performance

Part I Corn Hybrids

Part II Grain Sorghum

Part III Soybeans

1978

JOHN C. RICE, Professor In Charge of Variety Testing

E. L. JONES, Agricultural Research Supervisor G. C. OLIVER, Agricultural Research Technician A. R. ADAMS, Agricultural Research Technician

Department of Crop Science North Carolina State University

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1

M a p . . . 3

Cooperators . . . • 4

CORN HYBRIDS 6 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE •. . . • . . . . 6

Entering Hybrids . . . • . . . • . . . . • . . . 7

Agencies Sponsoring Entries ...•.•.•.•... . . . • . . . . 7

Field Plot Technique . . . • . . . • . . . 8

Seasonal Conditions . . . • . . . 10

Data . . . • . . . • • . • . . . 11

CuI tural Practices . . . • . . . • . . . • . . • . . . . • . . . 15

RESULTS Three, Two and One Year Averages for All Areas . . . . • . . . 37

GRAIN SORGHUM . . . • • . . . . • • . . . • . . . 38

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE . . . • . . . • . . . • . . • • . . 38

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Test Locations 39

Cultural Practices 40

Data 40

RESULTS

Three, Two and One Year Averages .. 43

SOYBEAN'S 45

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 45

Agencies Sponsoring Entries. 46

Test Locations 46

Seasonal Conditions 46

Cultural Practices 47

Criteria For Evaluation Soybean Varieties. 48

RESULTS

Three, Two and One Year Averages... 50

Lodging, Plant Height and Moisture 53

Late Test After Small Grain 54

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1

PERFORMANCE OF CORN HYBRIDS,

GRAIN SORGHUM AND SOYBEANS IN NORTH CAROLINA!.!

John C. Rice, E. L. Jones, G. C. Oliver and A. R. Adams

Field crops in North Carolina occupy a major position for the economic

and agri-business health of the state. This publication presents data on corn,

grain sorghum and soybeans. These crops are produced in many areas of the state

and test locations are established in those areas producing the specific crop.

Part I is concerned with corn hybrids in all production areas of the

state. Part II deals with grain sorghum, primarily in the Piedmont. Data

from these tests would be applicable to most areas of production in North

Carolina. Part III covers data on soybeans. This crop has been increasing in

acreage and value each year.

Each part is complete in that it contains information on experimental

procedure, locations of the tests, a discussion of the data and the data for

21

197~ , as well as summary tables for the past two and three years.

lIThe Official Variety Testing Program recognizes the cooperative spirit and civic-minded service rendered by the farmers who have furnished, prepared and cultivated the land for these trials.

The agricultural workers in their respective areas contribute much to the success of these tests by aiding in the location of test sites, by holding field meetings and also by their utilization of the information obtained.

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2

It is hoped that the organization of this bulletin will provide data

to those interested in the various crops in a complete form which is readily

available. The large number of hybrids and varieties available for planting

within this state makes it mandatory that information be available to

seedsmen, growers and agricultural workers so that easy and objective

comparisons can be made. Entries from both public and private breeding

programs are included and replicated experiments with the entries are located

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4

COOPERATORS 1978

Corn

Area I - Southern Mountains

Haywood County, Mountain Research Station, J. R. Edwards, Superintendent, Waynesville, N C., County Extension Chairman, H. E. McCall and assistants cooperating.

Area II - Piedmont

Orange County, Bill Latta, Route 1, Hillsborough, N. C., County Extension Chairman, Ebert L. Pierce and Agricultural Extension Agent, C. A. Green cooperating.

Chatham County, Steve Cockman, Route 3, Pittsboro, N. C., County Extension Chairman, John Cooper and assistants cooperating.

Stanly County, Norman R. Lowder, Route 3, Albemarle, N. C., County Extension Chairman, Frank Simpson and Agricultural Extension Agent, Ray Kiser

cooperating.

Area III - Coastal Plain

Lenoir County, Sandy Barnes, Superintendent, Lower Coastal Plain Tobacco Research Station, Route 1, Box 442-A, Kinston, N. C., County Extension Chairman, William S. Lamm and assistants cooperating.

Johnston County, Shelton Lee, Route 1, Four Oaks, N. C., County Extension Chairman, Bruce Woodard and Agricultural Extension Agent, H. F. Palmer cooperating.

Robeson County, Charles Roberts, Box 392, Lumberton, N. C., County Extension Chairman, W. C. Williford and Agricultural Extension Agent, Fred May

cooperating.

Halifax County, Jimmy Fleming, Route 3, Enfield, N. C., County Extension Chairman, C. D. Peedin and Agricultural Extension Agent, R. D. Phillips cooperating.

Pitt County, R. M Di1da, Route 1, Fountain, N. C., County Extension Chairman, Leroy James and Agricultural Extension Agent, Henry Riddick cooperating.

Area IV - Tidewater

Chowan County? Robert L. Bunch, Route 2, Edenton, N. C., County Extension Chairman, R. M. Thompson and assistants cooperating.

Pam1ico County, James D. Spencer, Box 1214, Alliance, N. C., County Extension Chairman, J. L. Rea, Jr. and assistants cooperating.

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5

Grain Sorghum

Anson County

Bennett Martin, Route 2, Polkton, N. C., County Extension Chairman, John R. Potter, Jr. and assistants cooperating.

StanlY County

Gray Herlocker, Route 6, Albemarle, N C., County Extension Chairman, Frank S~pson and assistants cooperating.

Alamance County

Kent Coble, Route 3, Liberty, N. C., County Extension Chairman, Millis B. Wright and assistants cooperating.

Soybeans

Franklin County

Jom Moss, Box 241, Youngsville, N. C., County Extension Chairman C. T. Dean, Jr. and assistants cooperating.

Union County

Marvin Medlin, Route 3, Monroe, N. C., County Extension Chairman, M. C. Howell, Jr. and assistants cooperating.

Stanly County

Reggie Burris, Route 1, Oakboro, N. C., County Extension Chairman Frank S~pson and assistants cooperating.

Robeson County

George R. Pate, Route 1, Box 177, Rowland, N. C., County Extension Chairman, W. C. Williford and Agricultural Extension Agent, Fred May cooperating.

Washington County

J. W. Smith, Superintendent, Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, N. C., County Extension Chairman, G. M. Whitford and assistants cooperating.

Wayne County

Wayland Price, Route 4, Mt. Olive, N. C., County Extension Chairman

w.

T. Townsend and assistants, cooperating. Orange County

S. J. Parker, Route 1, Hurdle Mills, N. C., County Extension Chairman Ebert L. Pierce and Agricultural Extension Agent, C. A. Greene cooperating

Late Test After Small Grain

Wayne County

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6

CORN HYBRIDS

The performance of various corn hybrids in different areas of the state

depends on their adaptation to the environmental conditions within the area

in which they are to be grown. The performance of varieties in four different

areas of North Carolina is reported in this bulletin.

The data provide information on the performance of commercial and

experimental hybrids grown in various geographic areas of the state.

Information of this nature serves as a gUide to corn breeders in the

development of hybrids and also provides a guide to agricultural workers and

growers in choosing hybrids to plant that will perform well in their respective

area.

A top performing hybrid is one that will consistently give high returns

to the grower. It must have a good yield and standability as well as other

desirable characteristics including adaptation to mechanical harvesting.

In order to properly evaluate a hybrid for a particular area, data from several

locations over a period of years are desirable. However, it is only after a

hybrid has been planted under farm conditions that it really receives its most

thorough evaluation.

Results of the North Carolina Official Corn Trials for the 1978 season

are presented in this report. Two and three-year summaries are also presented.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Commercial and experimental hybrids developed by public and private

agencies are included in this program. One requirement for inclusion is

quantitative data from experiments in which the proposed entry is compared

with recognized hybrids. These data must reveal meriotorious performance in

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ENTERING HYBRIDS

Any individual or firm may make application for having hybrids tested.

A fee is charged on an entry per area basis. Personnel of the testing program

may also include entries about which further information is desired.

Early in January each year, rules governing the tests for the ensuing

year are distributed to all previous participants and to those Who make

inquiry.

In 1978 agencies o.r individuals entering hybrids in the Official Variety

Tests were requested to designate the area of adaptation of the entry, the

population and maturity range desired. Some entries were placed in more than

one area but each entry could only by tested at a specific maturity range

and population.

Agencies sponsoring entries in the 1978 tests are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Name and address of sponsoring agencies in the 1978 North Carolina Corn Performance Trials along with designation used to identify the hybrids in the trial~.

Name

Acco Seed Company

Asgrow Seed Company

Clark Seed Company, Inc.

Coker's Pedigreed Seed Co.

DeKalb AgResearch, Inc.

Dennis Hybrid Corporation

F.C.X., Inc.

Fred Gutwein &Sons Funk's Seed International

Helena Chemical Corp.

Address

Champaign, Illinois

Des Moines, Iowa

Kenton, Delaware

Hartsville, S. C.

Mt. Olive, N. C.

Windfall, Indiana

Raleigh, N. C.

Francesville, Indiana

Bloomington, Illinois

West Columbia, S. C.

Hybrid Designation

Paymaster

Asgrow

Clark

Coker

DeKalb

Dennis

FFR

Gutwein

Funk's

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8

Table 1. Continued.

Name Address

McCurdy Seed Co., Inc. Fremont, Iowa

McNair Seed Co., Inc. Laurinburg, N. C.

N. C. Agric. Expt. Sta. Raleigh, N. C.

Northrup, King and Company Columbus, Mississippi

o's Gold Seed Company Parkersburg, Iowa

P-A-G Seeds Minneapolis, Minnesota

Pfizer Genetics, Inc. York, Pennsylvania

Pioneer Hi-Bred, Inc. Tipton, Indiana

Premier Hybrids Indianapolis, Indiana

Ring Around Products, Inc. Plainview, Texas

Speight Seed Farms Winterville, N. C.

Taylor Evans Seed Company Tulia, Texas

Todd Hybrid Sales, Inc. Burlington, Indiana

USS Agri. Chemical Atlanta, Ga.

Watson Seed Farms Rocky Mount, N. C.

Field-Plot Technique

Hybrid Designation

McCurdy

McNair

N. C.

NK

o's Gold

P-A-G

Trojan

Pioneer Brand

Premier

Ring Around

Speight

T-E

Todd

USS

Watson

The state is divided into four geographical areas according to soil type,

maturity zone and climatic conditions. The various areas and cooperators

are shown in Figure 1. In the Mountains, Area I, Where the acreage of corn

is less, one location with six replications was used. Three locations, with

three replications each, were used in Areas II and IV. Area III had five

locations with three repl~cationsat each location.

The practice in the Tidewater Area, Where short season corns are grown

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9

In 1978 this area included groups with 25,000 and 22,000 plants per acre.

Soil tests were made and fertilization was applied in accordance with

recommendations. At topdressing time nitrogen was applied at recommended

rates on all tests. (See Table 2.)

In field design a lattice was used. In all areas the tests were planted

according to recommended planting dates. Data were analyzed by location and

combined over locations within an area.

A cone hopper was mounted on a John Deere Planter and the tests were

mechanically planted. In 1978 all tests were planted to one and one-half

times the recommended populations. Thinning was to: 22,000 (Mountain Area),

22,000 and 19,000 (Piedmont), 25,000; 22,000 and 19,000 (Coastal Plain) and

25,000 and 22,000 (Tidewater). Row width of the various tests was 38 inches.

The plots were two rows wide and 20 feet long. The alley width was six feet

which was required for mechanical planting and harvesting.

The fertilizer was broadcast before planting by the cooperator and the

plots were topdressed with adequate nitrogen to give a medium to high fertility

level. AAtrex + Lasso was the herbicide used on most tests at planting. At layby, 2, 4-D and Lorox or AAtrex were applied to control late grass and

broadleaf weeds using nitrogen solution as the carrier. Excellent weed

control was obtained in most tests. Cultural practices for each of the tests

are shown in Table 2. Planting, collecting and harvesting data were directly

supervised by personnel of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.

A two-row picker-sheller was slightly modified for harvesting individual

plots. Grain from individual plots was caught as it came from the elevator

and weighed. The combine was stopped at the end of each plot for a short

interval of time in order for the. machine to clean out between plots prior

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satisfactory results. A sample of corn was taken from each plot for moisture

determination. A picker-sheller was used to more nearly simulate the

conditions under Which these corns would be harvested on farms. The only

corn harvested was that which came through the picker-sheller. If the machine

failed to pick up a stalk due to lodging, this corn was not harvested.

Seasonal Conditions

Based on conditions in North Carolina as of November 1978, the corn

production total for this state is expected to be 119,000,000 bushels. This

estimate would be 38 percent more than last year's production. Anaverage yield of 77 bushels per acre is indicated. This would be twenty-six bushels

per acre more than last year's average.

The 1978 corn crop is expected to be harvested from 1,540,000 acres

compared with 1,700,000 acres in 1977.

The nation's production of corn is forecast at a record 682 billion

bushels which is seven percent above 1977 production.

The national average yield per acre is forecast at a record 100.7 bushels

per acre ~s of October 1. This estimate will be 9.7 bushels above last year.

The total acreage is estimated at 67.8 million acres Which is three percent less

than in 1977.

The majority of the entries in the 1978 corn test were from seed

developed with normal cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the corn plant appears to

play a major role in determining its reaction to the disease (He1minthosporium

maydis). Corn producers throughout the corn producing area and especially the

Southeast are to be commended for developing a rapid replacement for the Texas

source of male sterile cytoplasm. Many growers have returned to manually removing

tassels from production fields or using other sources of male sterile cytoplasm

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Data

Data were collected on each plot location on yield, stand, moisture,

lodging, ear height and quality. Statistical analyses were made on each of

the above listed characters for individual locations and combined over

locations within an area. The C.V. and L.S.D.'s are listed at the bottom

of the various columns of the 1978 tables. Variety x locations mean squares

were used to compute the L.S.D. 'so Comparisons of hybrids should be made only

within areas and not between areas since soil and c1~atic conditions differ

so greatly. A lattice design was used to analyze data.

The percentage data presented in this report were not transformed and

the L.S.D. and C.V. values listed are for the untransformed data. This year

C.V.'s are not listed for percent lodging.

Yield

Weight of shelled corn was obtained by harvesting and weighing each plot

and each entry at each location. All plot yields were adjusted to 15.5 percent

moisture.

Stand

All plots were thinned to recommended stands for area of production. See

information under field-plot technique for population of maturity groups in

test.

Moisture at Harvest

Moisture content of grain at harvest is an index of maturity. Moisture

percentage was determined from samples obtained from each plot at each location.

Samples were obtained by taking a sample from each plot immediately after the

grain was weighed. The samples were placed in waterproof plastic-coated paper

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Lodging

Lodging is a term used to describe stalks that are broken, leaning or

fallen to the ground. All plants broken below the ear or leaning more than

45 degrees are considered lodged. Data were taken on each plot and a lodging

percent calculated.

Ear Height

Ear height was determined by measuring the distance from the ground to

the node where the ear is attached to the stalk. Ear height data is given in

centimeters and inches with conversion factor of one centimeter

=

0.3937 inches used.

Quality

QUality readings are based pr~arilyon ear rot damage. The following

scale was used to determine rating:

Rating %Damage per Plot

1 0 10

2 11 20

3 21 30

4 31 40

5 41 50

Aflatoxin

Ten pound corn samples were collected in 1978 s~ilar to 1977 procedures for

study of aflatoxin presence. In 1978 samples were obtained from replicated tests

in Areas III and IV of North Carolina. Samples were obtained from each replication

from tests in Robeson, Pitt, Johnston and Halifax Counties in the Coastal Plain

Area. In the Tidewater Area samples were obtained from Chowan, Washington and

Pamlico Counties. Entries in the early, medium and late groups were selected for

sampling. Data on this exper~entwill be reported in a separate publication.

Diseases

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leaf blights) is evaluated yearly. It is difficult to make adequate comparisons

of hybrids over a period of successive years due to the fact that all hybrids

are severely damaged during years of severe disease development. Preliminary

observations indicate little difference in reaction of hybrids to the fact that

all hybrids are severely damaged during years of severe disease development.

Preliminary observations indicate little difference in reaction of hybrids to

the common leaf blight present in the Coastal Plain Area.

All locations were available for identification of corn diseases. Plant

Pathology personnel used the tests for early warning if a specific disease

were present in a certain area. Two virus corn tests were planted for extension

service personnel.

RESULTS

Data are presented by areas for three-year, two-year and one-year

performance. Hybrids are divided into four groups in the tables, commercial

yellow and white and experimental yellow and White hybrids.

There are numerous corn hybrids available to farmers for planting. These

hybrids differ in yield, maturity, lodging, disease and insect resistance,

grain quality and other factors. Hybrids that are outstanding in one or more

characteristics may be inferior in others and should therefore be selected on

the basis of overall performance.

Hybrids tested more than one year have a more accurate estimate of their

general performance since they have been tested under more diverse environments.

Growers should select a top performing hybrid for planting. A top performer

is not necessarily the highest yielder, but it should have a high yield, mature

within the desired time, stand upright at harvest, and also be reasonably good

in other agronomic characteristics. All hybrids yielding above the mean of the

test would be considered reasonably good performers, and others may have specific

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After the past season of record breaking dry weather, the 1978 corn

growing season was characterized by good rains in most areas. Although total

production was not up to 1976, it was 32 million bushels over 1977 production.

By the first week in August twelve out of sixteen weather reporting

stations reported more rainfall since March 1 than from normal data. Greensboro

and Reidsville Areas reported over ten inches as compared with 1977.

During August and September the eastern part of North Carolina received

a minimum amount of rainfall. By September 23, only four out of sixteen

reporting stations registered a plus on rainfall departure from normal. All

others were listed as less than normal. The Tidewater Area was especially

dry with no rain during months of August and September.

Following procedures started in 1977, the location of corn tests for 1978

were as follows:

Mountain Area Piedmont Area Coastal Plain Area Tidewater Area

1 Location 3 Locations 5 Locations 3 Locations

The soils in each area were selected to be typical of corn growing soils.

The Tidewater Area locations represented high organic soils typical of the

Blackland Area.

With the four new designated areas in the state, producers and researchers

have the opportunity of having a specific corn hybrid tested according to area

of adaptation and at maturity range and population levels to give optimum

opportunity for maximum expression of the hybrid.

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Table 2. Cultural practices used on the corn test - 1978.

Herbicide.!.!

Row Spacing Date Maturity and

Area and Fertilizer Topdressing Centi- of Date of

Cooperator lbs/A and Grade Preemergence lbs/A of N Inches meters Planting Harvest

Area I - MOuntains

Haywood County 500 Sutan

+

180 38" 96 May 18 Medium

Lower Mountain Res. 10-20-20 (PPI) December 13

Station 200

J. R. Edwards Muriate of Potash

Superintendent Prep1ant

Area II - Piedmont

Norman R. Lowder 400 AAtrex 125 38" 96 April 13 Medium

Stanly County 8-24-24 Preplant & Late

Broadcast October 4

J-&

\J1

Bill Latta 700 AAtrex 150 38" 96 April 17 Medium

Orange County 8-24-24

+

& Late

Broadcast Sutan October 2

Steve Cockman 400 AAtrex 100 38" 96 May 23 Medium

Chatham CountI. 10-20-20 & Late

Broadcast Discarded

Area III - Coastal Plain

Sandy Barnes 300 AAtrex 160 38" 96 April 4 Early &

Superintendent 10-20-20 plus Medium

Lower Coastal Plain Sutan September 7

Research Station Late

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Table 2. (Continued)

Herbicide!.! Row Spacing Date Maturity and Area and Fertilizer Topdressing Centi- of Date of Cooperator lbs/A and Grade Preemergence lbs/A of N Inches meters Planting Harvest Shelton Lee 500 AAtrex 100 38" 96 March 30 Early & Johnston County 3-9-18 plus Medium

Broadcast Lasso August 31 Late September 5 Charles Roberts 600 AAtrex 120 38" 96 April 10 Early & Robeson County 5-10-30 plus Medium

Broadcast Sutan September 6 Late Discarded R. M. Dilda 500 AAtrex 175 38" 96 April 3 Early & Pitt County 6-18-36 plus Medium

Broadcast Lasso September 8 Late September 27

J-l

Jinnny Fleming 500 AAtrex 180 38" 96 April 7 Early 0'\ Halifax County 0-10-20 plus Preplant Medium

Broadcast Lasso &Late October 3 Area IV - Tidewater

John Smith 400 AAtrex 150 38" 96 April 5 Early & Superintendent 10-20-20 plus Medium Tidewater Res. Station Broadcast Lasso September 26 Washington County

Robert L. Bunch 450 AAtrex 110 38" 96 April 5 Early & Chowan County 5-15-30 plus Medium

Broadcast Lasso September 10 James D. Spencer 400 AAtrex 160 38" 96 April 11 Early & Pamlico County 0-18-30 plus Medium

Broadcast Lasso September 28 l/When needed, reconnnended amounts of Weedone 638, Lorox or AAtrex were used to control grass and weeds at 1ayby.

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Table 3. Comparison of hybrids for certain characteristics Southern MOuntains - Area I - Medium Maturity

Three Year Average - 1976, 1977, 1978 Average of 3 Locations

Ear

Hybrid Yield Moisture Lodging Height

Designation Bus/A % % Inches Quality

Coker 16 187 19.90 2 50 2.3

McCurdy MSX84 187 18.39 3 57 2.8

T-E 6995 185 18.86 1 55 2.7

T-E 6968 182 19.88 2 48 2.0

Funk's G-4507 180 18.60 4 55 2).6

Pioneer Brand 3369A 176 19.59 1 50 2.8

Wi1star 6663 174 19.45 4 55 2.5

T-E 6992 173 18.85 4 54 2.6

Pioneer Brand 3147 171 23.29 12 55 2.9

Two Year Average - 1977, 1978

Average of 2 Locations

Funk's G-4636 203 16.27 4 51 2.0

Coker 16 202 15.42 2 50 2.2

T-E 6968 200 15.69 2 48 2.2

T-E 6995 200 14.29 2 56 2.9

Northrup King PX79 200 15.42 2 58 3.1

McCurdy MSX84aa 198 15.58 2 55 2.4

McCurdy 76-91 192 15.73 2 56 2.4

Funk's G-4507 189 14.81 3 58 2.8

McCurdy MSX84 188 14.31 2 60 3.0

Pioneer Brand 3147 186 18.32 6 58 3.1

McCurdy 76-90 186 16.17 4 56 2.6

T-E 6992 184 15.64 2 56 2.8

Pioneer Brand 3369A 177 15.68 2 52 2.8

Wi1star 6663 177 15.22 4 57 2.6

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Table 4. Comparison of hybrids for certain characteristics

Southern MOuntains - Area I

Haywood County - 1978

Ear Height

Hybrid Yield Moisture Lodging

Centi-Designation Bus/A % % Inches meters Quality

Commercial Hybrids Yellow Entries

Pioneer Brand 3311 244 14.48 2 53 134 2.7

McCurdy MSX84 228 13.63 3 55 140 3.0

T-E 6995 225 13.98 2 55 139 2.8

McCurdy MSX84aa 220 15.17 2 52 132 2.3

Pioneer-Brand 3184 219 16.85 2 52 132 2.3

Pioneer Brand 3147 218 16.90 5 60 152 3.2

Funk's G-4507 216 14.40 5 56 142 2.8

Northrup King PX74 216 14.30 4 57 144 3.2

Watson 414 214 13.89 4 54 137 3.2

Wi1star 7676 213 17.53 12 49 124 3.2

Coker 16 211 14.75 3 48 122 2.2

Northrup King PX79 211 15.23 3 54 137 3.5

Asgrow RX90 211 13.93 6 56 142 3.0

McCurdy MSX86A 204 15.77 2 55 139 2.7

Mean of Test 204 15.18 4 52 133 2.6

-McCurdy 76-90 203 16.09 5 57 146 2.5

Funk's G-4636 202 15.85 5 51 130 1.8

Funk's G-4606 202 15.80 0 48 122 2.3

McCurdy 76-104 201 15.14 1 47 118 2.7

McCurdy 76-91 199 15.34 3 55 140 2.5

Asgrow RXl12 197 14.40 2 53 134 2.0

Wi1star 7774 195 15.95 3 37 120 2.7

Wi1star 6663 195 14.84 6 53 135 2.5

P-A-G SX17A 194 14.34 4 56 142 2.3

T-E 6992 191 15.10 2 53 135 3.2

Wi1star 5555 191 13.37 2 51 130 3.2

Pioneer Brand 3369A 188 15.22 2 50 127 2.8

Asgrow RX.115A 188 14.80 2 55 140 1.8

Wi1star 5553 187 13.93 3 45 115 3.0

T-E 6968 186 15.41 2 44 112 2.0

Watson 4377 186 18.30 2 49 125 2.2

Asgrow RX114 184 15.86 3 57 144 2.2

Northrup King PX49 172 13.41 4 49 125 2.5

Experimental Hybrids Yellow Entries

Coker 19A 216 15.52 3 54 137 2.8

Watson 418 206 16.74 10 52 132 3.2

L.S.D. (.05) 20 1.11 N.S. 3 8 .7

(.01) 27 1.46 N.S. 4 10 .9

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Piedmont - Area II - Medimn Maturity

Three Year Average - 1976, 1977, 1978

Ear

Coker 22 114 17.25 9 42 2.1

Coker 16 113 16.17 10 40 2.0

R.A. 1502 109 16.30 9 41 2.3

Wi1star 6663 105 15.68 8 43 2.6

R.A. 2502 101 16.79 10 37 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3369A 101 16.78 14 44 2.8

USS 1515 95 16.37 10 39 2.3

Speight D-31 89 17.25 13 43 2.4

Speight D-33 83 17.68 17 45 2.3

FunkIS G-4636 114 15.64 6 35 2.2

Coker 22 111 15.90 6 38 2.0

Coker 16 109 14.62 6 37 1.9

FunkIS G-4507 108 14.66 4 40 3.0

P-A-G SX17A 108 14.68 12 37 2.1

R.A. 1501 108 14.47 7 38 2.6

Northrup King PX79 104 14.42 6 40 2.4

USS 1010 104 14.38 6 36 2.8

R.A. 1502 102 15.00 8 38 2.6

DeKalb XL72B 100 14.93 2 36 2.0

P-A-G 314 98 14.20 12 38 2.3

Wi1star 6663 98 14.12 6 38 2.8

T-E 6992 97 13.90 12 38 2.8

R.A. 2502 96 15.52 11 34 2.4

Pioneer Brand 3369A 94 15.72 10 41 3.2

USS 1515 88 14.64 10 35 2.4

Speight D-31 84 15.74 10 39 2.6

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20

Piedmont - Area II - Medium Maturity

Stanly and Orange Counties - 1978

Ear Height

FunkIS G-4606 144 15.58 8 43 110 2.4

Pioneer Brand 3311 140 14.76 8 42 106 2.3

Coker 16 140 14.35 5 41 103 1.8

R.A. 1501 139 14.54 10 41 103 2.3

FunkIs G-4636 137 15.62 8 39 100 1.8

Coker 22 134 15.72 11 44 112 1.8

Asgrow RX90 133 13.62 14 44 112 2.2

T-E 6995-A 133 14.20 8 42 107 2.3

Watson 414 132 14.04 13 40 105 2.2

McCurdy 86A 128 15.24 8 39 100 2.1

FunkIS G-4507 128 14.48 6 46 116 2.9

Northrup King PX79 127 14.07 7 42 106 2.1

Wi1star 6663 125 14.26 8 42 107 2.8

USS 1010 124 13.75 10 40 102 2.7

Asgrow RXl12 123 14.65 7 46 113 1.8

Pioneer Brand 3369A 122 15.43 14 45 114 3.1

DeKalb XL72B 122 14.37 4 40 102 1.7

USS 1515 121 14.41 14 38 96 2.1

Mean of Test 121 14.57

_l!.

42 106

z.z

P-A-G SX17A 119 14.26 19 42 108 1.9

P-A-G SX98 118 15.45 7 41 104 2.8

(24)

21

Table 6 . (Continued) Comparison of hybrids for certain characteristics

Piedmont - Area II - Medium Maturity

Stanly and Orange Counties - 1978

Ear Height

R.A. 1502 116 14.80 10 40 101 2.1

T-E 6995 116 13.75 16 41 105 2.1

P-A-G 314 116 13.92 18 42 106 2.3

Speight D-31 115 15.01 15 43 109 1.6

T-E 6992 114 13.94 21 41 104 2.8

O's Gold 5500AB 113 14.50 10 41 104 2.1

R.A. 2502 113 15.17 19 35 90 2.1

Watson 5793 104 14.78 9 46 118 1.7

Asgrow RX.88 102 14.43 8 41 103 2.4

Speight D-33 101 15.54 8 46 117 1.9

P-A-G 357 96 14.04 25 39 98 2.2

Wi1star 5553 89 13.86 26 42 106 2.2

P-A-G Exp. 246006 130 13.64 7 42 106 2.1

Coker 19A 125 14.57 14 43 110 1.9

Coker 18A 115 15.27 15 44 112 2.0

Speight 34 95 15.02 7 43 108 2.1

L.S.D. (.05) N.S. .96 10 10 .6

(.01) N.S. 1.28 N.S. N.S. .8

(25)

22

Piedmont - Area II - Late Maturity

Ear

Pioneer Brand 3147 110 18.49 8 47 2.7

McCurdy 67-14 107 20.14 8 46 2.7

Pioneer Brand 3179 104 17.36 12 47 2.3

R.A. 2601 96 20.73 10 44 2.5

DeKalb XL394 93 18.33 12 50 2.1

Northrup King PX715 108 17.38 6 42 2.6

Pioneer Brand 3184 108 16.96 2 38 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3147 108 17.20 8 42 2.8

Northrup King PX95 104 17.84 3 43 2.5

R.A. 2601 104 20.26 6 42 2.8

McCurdy 67-14 102 19.44 7 42 2.8

R.A. 3602 102 16.53 5 43 2.5

DeKalb XL394 96 17.08 2 46 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3179 96 16.05 10 42 2.6

Wi1star 9990 79 17.35 20 38 3.0

White Entries

(FCX) FFR 929-W 100 16.76 5 44 3.0

(26)

23

Table 8. Comparison of hybrids for certain characteri~tics

Piedmont

-

Area II - Late Maturity Stanly and Orange Counties - 1978

Ear Height

USS 2010 152 15.74 9 46 114 2.1

Pioneer Brand 3184 149 16.45 2 44 112 2.1

Funk's G-4709 147 15.88 9 45 114 2.7

R.A. 2601 146 19.34 8 47 119 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3147 144 16.93 6 48 121 2.2

McCurdy 67-14 141 19.47 7 47 119 1.8

Northrup King PX715 140 16.55 10 46 118 1.9

DeKalb XL394 140 16.99 1 54 137 1.6

Dennis DS37 137 15.06 12 40 103 2.2

Northrup King PX95 136 16.87 4 50 12'7 1.'7

Mean of Test 132 16.70 10 45 115 2.1

R.A. 3602 130 15.97 5 47 119 2.0

Pioneer Brand 3179 128 16.13 16 49 125 2.1

Wi1star 7676 124 16.45 19 43 109 2.3

Dennis DS47A 122 15.18 18 35 89 2.0

Wi1star 9990 122 17.48 14 42 lOR 2.2

Wi1star 7774 119 16.63 11 41 104 2.0

Dennis DS69A 111 15.31 24 42 106 2.1

McNair 488 104 18.41 2 54 136 1.9

White Entries

(FCX) FFR 929 151 16.77 5 48 121 2.2

Wi1star 8844 104 16.36 20 40 102 2.2

L.S.D. (.05) N.S. .88 N.S. 8 N.S.

(.01) N.S. 1.20 N .S. lU N.S.

(27)

24

Coastal Plain - Area III - Early Maturity

Ear

Funk's G-4507 140 16.59 4 39 2.5

Funk's G-4520 135 17.01 4 38 1.9

P-A-G 314 130 16.72 4 40 2.0

Watson 416-A 125 18.77 4 38 2.2

Watson 414 138 16.40 6 40 2.2

Funk's G-4507 132 16.84 5 40 2.6

R.A. 1501 131 16.72 4 40 2.4

Funk's G-4520 122 17.08 6 38 2.0

P-A-G 314 119 16.87 6 40 2.0

Watson 416-A 114 18.94 5 40 2.2

Wi1star 5555 114 15.51 2 37 2.1

(28)

25

Coastal Plain - Area III - Early Maturity

Robeson, Johnston, Pitt, Halifax and Lenoir Counties - 1978

Ear Height

Centi-Designation Bus/A % % Inc.hes meters Quality

Watson 414 190 15.61 3 43 110 2.0

R.A. 1501 189 16.04 1 44 112 2.4

DeKalb XL 72AA 184 15092 1 43 110 2.3

Funk's G-4507 183 16.24 2 43 109 2.4

(FCX) FFR 748C 171 16.34 2 43 110 2.1

Todd MiC73A 170 16.27 1 43 108 2.4

Funk's G-4520 167 16.27 3 40 102 1.8

P-A-G 314 165 14.65 4 43 109 2.0

ME.an of Test 162 15.66

₁

40 102

_l.:.!.

Watson 416A 161 18.35 2 42 106 2.2

Wi1star 5555 158 14.90 1 39 98 1.9

P-A-G SX397 156 14.64 5 36 91 2.2

Northrup King PX49 143 14.72 2 37 95 1.8

USS- 0010 138 14062 3 34 8"1 1.8

DeKalb XL53 138 15.50 2 35 89 2.7

Gutwein 2446 124 15.10 3 37 95 2.2

(FCX) FFR 2370 150 15.37 1 37 95 2.0

L.S.D. (.05) 15 .55 N •.5 . 5 .3

(.01) 20 .73 N.S. 7 .4

(29)

26

Coastal Plain - Area III - Medium Maturity

Ear

Designation Bus/A % % Inches QUality

Pioneer Brand 3369A 139 16.43 7 37 2.0

Pioneer Brand 3184 139 18.14 2 38 1.9

R.A. 1502 137 17.86 2 39 2.0

Coker 16 136 17.31 3 38 1.9

Speight D-33 135 17.45 5 42 1.8

Coker 22 135 18.95 4 41 2.0

Wi1star 6663 134 17.23 3 40 2.2

Asgrow RXl15A 133 17.76 5 41 1.5

Gutwein 72 133 16.96 3 41 2.1

Todd M88 132 16.98 6 37 1.8

Asgrow RX90 132 16.32 4 38 2.4

Speight D-31 128 17.46 6 41 1.8

DeKa1b XL80 127 18.86 3 39 2.0

P-A-G SX98 125 18.41 3 36 2.0

Watson 417 121 18.02 5 39 2.1

(30)

27

Ear

Asgrow RX90 129 17.00 5 40 2.4

R.A. 1502 128 18.16 3 39 1.9

Trojan TXSl14 128 17.23 6 40 2.2

McCurdy MSX84aa 128 18.38 4 40 1.9

Northrup King PX74 128 17.70 4 42 2.0

Pioneer Brand 3369A 127 16.90 8 38 2.0

O's Gold SX5500A 126 17.28 4 40 2.3

Paymaster UC9792 126 18.74 6 44 1.6

Wi1star 6663 125 17.52 5 40 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3184 124 18.97 2 38 1.9

Trojan TXSl15A 124 17.81 2 40 2.4

Coker 22 120 19.20 5 41 2.0

Todd M88 119 17.60 8 36 1.8

Gutwein 72 118 17.39 4 40 2.1

P-A-G SX98 118 19.31 3 37 2.0

Funk's G-4636 118 18.96 6 38 2.0

Coker 16 118 17.78 4 38 1.8

Asgrow RXl15A 117 18.62 8 42 1.6

DeKa1b XL78 115 18.37 9 38 2.0

Watson 417 114 17.49 7 40 2.2

R.A. 2502 114 18.54 7 35 1.8

Speight D-33 114 17.06 6 44 1.8

DeKa1b XL72B 114 17.50 4 36 2.1

Speight D-31 113 16.98 8 42 1.8

USS 0555A 112 16.91 4 38 2.0

DeKa1b XL80 112 19.38 4 39 1.8

(31)

28

Ear Height

Pioneer Brand 3311 184 16.67 1 44 113 1.9

Northrup King PX74 179 16.14 2 46 116 1.9

McCurdy MSX84aa 178 17.32 2 43 109 1.8

McCurdy MSX 86A 177 17.85 1 42 108 1.8

Asgrow RX90 177 15.61 4 43 110 2.2

Premier 636 (SX) 177 18.54 2 47 120 1.9

O's Gold SX5500A 175 16.11 1 42 110 2.2

Trojan TXS155A 174 16.37 1 43 109 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3184 174 17.47 0 42 107 1.7

Premier 688 (MSX) 173 18.02 4 41 105 .1.6

R.A. 1502 173 16.72 1 41 104 1.7

T-E 6995 173 16.17 1 45 114 2.0

Pioneer Brand 3369A 172 16.19 2 41 104 1.8

Coker 22 172 17.95 0 44 112 2.0

Asgrow RXl12 172 17.07 2 45 115 1.2

Trojan TXSl14 171 15.67 2 42 106 2.1

Wi1star 6663 171 16.01 2 42 107 2.0

Paymaster UC9792 168 17.84 2 48 121 1.3

Todd M88 166 17.05 1 39 99 1.5

Asgrow RXl15A 164 17.38 5 44 112 1.3

_l

42 106

_1.&

P-A-G SX520 163 16.33 2 41 104 1.5

Funk's G-4636 163 17.75 1 39 100 2.1

DeKa1b XL78 163 17.56 2 40 103 1.9

R.A. 2501 161 16.77 1 39 100 1.6

(32)

29

Table 13. (Continued) Comparison of hybrids for certain characteristics

Ear Height

Centi-Designation Bus/A % % Inches meters QUality

Coker 16 159 16.87 1 39 100 1.7

R.A. 2502 159 18.44 4 37 95 1.6

O's Gold SX5500AB 157 16.40 2 42 105 1.9

Gutwein 72 157 15.99 2 42 106 2.0

Speight D-33 156 18.26 4 46 117 1.5

Premier 64L-I (MSX) 156 16.40 2 38 98 1.8

Funk's G-4606 155 17.34 1 38 98 2.0

Wi1star 5553 155 15.61 4 40 101 1.6

Speight D-31 155 18.03 2 44 113 1.7

Watson 417 153 18.85 3 41 104 1.9

P-A-G 357 153 16.63 7 39 100 1.9

DeKalb XL80 152 18.15 2 40 102 1.7

DeKalb XL72B 151 16.70 1 40 101 2.1

USS 0555A 146 15.89 1 40 103 2.1

(FCX) FFR 808C 142 15.82 1 36 92 1.7

(FCX) FFR 909C 135 18.27 2 37 94 1.6

Coker 19A 175 17.40 2 45 114 2.1

Coker 18A 160 17.62 4 41 105 1.8

Speight 34 143 17.18 4 39 99 1.2

L.S.D. (.05 ) 12 .53 2 7 .4

(.01) 15 .70 3 9 .5

(33)

30

Coastal Plain - Area III - Late Maturity

Ear

Pioneer Brand 3147 140 16.30 6 43 2.6

Gutwein 74 136 15.99 11 39 2.3

Coker 77 130 18.38 6 54 2.1

Northrup King PX95 129 17.46 6 49 2.2

Northrup King PX715 129 17.38 6 46 2.2

McCurdy 67-14 126 18.72 5 40 2.1

Watson 453 122 17.40 7 42 2.2

Wi1star 9990 121 17.69 5 41 2.2

Watson 4377 119 18.45 4 38 2.0

R.A. 3602 118 16.81 3 45 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3147 122 15.72 8 44 2.8

Gutwein 74 113 15.20 15 40 2.4

McCurdy 67-14 112 17.47 8 40 2.2

McCurdy 75-200 112 17.50 14 46 2.1

Northrup King PX95 107 16.38 10 50 2.4

Wi1star 9990 106 16.65 7 42 2.4

R.A. 3602 104 15.94 4 46 2.3

Watson 453 103 16.38 9 43 2.2

Coker 77 102 17.01 8 54 2.2

Northrup King PX715 102 15.72 9 46 2.3

Paymaster UC12052 102 19.54 4 46 2.5

Watson 4377 100 18.28 6 38 2.0

White Entries

(34)

31

Coastal Plain - Area III - Late Maturity

Johnston, Pitt, Halifax and Lenoir Counties - 1978

Hybrid Designation Yield Bus/A Moisture % Lodging % Ear Height

Centi-Inches meters Quality

Pioneer Brand 3147 Gutwein 2910 FunkIS G-4709

McCurdy 67-14 Northrup King PX95 McCurdy 75-200 Gutwein 74-Premier 639 (SX) Northrup King PX715

Watson 453

Pioneer Brand 3040 Coker 77 Wi1star 7774 RoA. 3602 Paymaster UC12052 Watson 4377 Wi1star 9990 McCurdy 76-101

Mean of Test

Watson 431 Wi1star 7676 Watson 421 McNair 488 Wi1star 8844 160 152 148 146 145 145 144 141 140 139 138 136 136 135 135 135 134 132 132 130 130 128 114 113 14.92 15.08 14.61 17.41 15.75 17.50 15.32 15.66 15.13 16.08 16.25 16.39 14.89 15.78 19.66 1'6.11 16.47 17.35 16.16 16.01 15.33 16.53 17.28 White Entries 15.34 5 2 5 6 7 9 5 6 7 5 1 4 5 2 1 3 4 7 6 6 10 6 7 19 45 44 42 42 52 46 40 43 48 45 48 58 40 47 48 41 43 4·4 45 42 42 45 51 45 114 112 106 107 131 118 102 110 121 114 121 147 102 120 122 105 109 112 115 107 107 114 129 115 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.1

I I

2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.6 Experimental Hybrids Yellow Entries

Pioneer Brand X4537 (FCX) FFR 2307

LoS.D. (.05) ( 001)

CoV. ( % )

149 143 14 18 13 17.14 15094 .68 .91 5 2 6 6 8 44 44 111 I I I

(35)

32

Tidewater - Area IV - Early Maturity

Ear

Funk's G-4507 183 15.94 8 45 2.2

R.A. 1501 176 15.94 8 44 2.1

Funk's G-4520 175 16.40 12 42 1.9

Wilstar 6663 170 15.99 9 44 2.2

P-A-G 314 162 15.44 10 46 1.8

Watson 416-A 158 17.42 9 43 2.3

Two Year Average - 1977, 1978 Average of 6 Locations

Watson 414 190 14.76 16 48 2.1

Funk's G-4507 185 14.77 12 47 2.2

R.A. 1501 177 14.65 12 45 2.1

Funk's G-4520 172 14.87 18 44 2.0

Wi1star 6663 164 15.18 14 45 2.2

Watson 416-A 162 16.16 14 44 2.2

P-A-G 314 155 14.47 14 46 1.8

P-A-G SX397 150 13.39 22 42 2.0

Wi1star 5555 146 13.70 16 44 2.0

(36)

33

Tidewater - Area IV - Early Maturity

Chowan, Pam1ico and Washington Counties - 1978

Ear Height

Funk's G-4507 190 14.48 4 48 121 2.3

DeKalb XL72AA 187 13.56 3 45 115 2.5

USS 1010 185 14.36 4 47 119 2.0

Watson 414 183 14.62 4 48 123 2.0

R.A. 1501 178 14.14 4 47 120 2.1

Funk's G-4520 176 14.36 6 4·4 112 2.0

(FCX) FFR 748C 176 14.55 4 43 110 2.5

Watson 416-A 165 15.96 6 42 108 2.8

Wilstar 6663 161 14.89 3 45 114 2.2

P-A-G 314 156 13.57 8 46 116 1.7

_i

43

_ill

z.z

Pioneer Brand 3541 151 13.27 0 40 102 2.5

Wi1star 5553 149 13.51 12 43 109 1.8

P-A-G SX397 146 13.23 11 43 110 2.0

Wilstar 5555 134 13.35 6 43 108 2.2

DeKa1b XL53 127 14.00 11 30 96 3.2

Northrup King PX49 122 13.24 6 41 104 2.3

Gutwein 2446 108 13.76 10 40 101 2.0

(FCX) FFR 2772 139 13.36 4 43 109 1.7

(FCX) FFR 2370 121 14.52 10 41 103 2.3

L.S.D. (.05) 15 1.14 6 8 .5

(.01) 20 N.S. N.S. 11 .7

(37)

34

Tidewater - Area IV - Medium Maturity

Ear

McCurdy MSX84aa 175 16.59 7 44 2.0

Gutwein 72 173 15.76 10 43 2.2

Gutwein 62 172 16.20 8 45 2.1

Pioneer Brand 3369A 172 15.48 8 44 1.9

Coker 22 168 17.53 7 46 1.9

Pioneer Brand 3184 165 17.26 6 41 1.9

DeKalb XL78 163 17.33 9 43 1.8

R.A. 2502 162 17.13 8 41 1.9

R.A. 1502 161 16.65 8 43 1.9

Coker 16 160 16.56 11 43 1.9

DeKalb XL72B 160 15.74 10 40 1.9

Speight D-31 156 17.67 13 43 1.6

P-A-G SX98 155 17.38 15 41 1.8

(38)

35

Ear

McCurdy MSX84aa 179 15.58 10 45 2.0

McCurdy MSX86A 177 16.27 7 44 2.0

Gutwein 62 172 14.92 12 44 2.0

Paymaster UC8951 172 16.48 10 46 1.8

Northrup King PX74 172 14.90 16 46 2.0

McCurdy 76-90 172 16.04 10 46 1.8

Pioneer Brand 3369A 170 14.52 12 46 1.8

McCurdy MSX84 169 14.74 14 45 1.9

Pioneer Brand 3184 163 16.06 10 42 1.9

R.A. 1502 162 15.58 12 44 1.8

DeKalb XL78 162 15.56 13 44 1.8

Coker 22 161 16.09 11 48 2.0

Gutwein 72 159 14.66 14 44 2.2

P-A-G SX98 158 16.28 19 42 1.8

DeKalb XL72B 158 14.47 14 41 2.2

R.A. 2502 156 16.14 12 41 1.8

Coker 16 154 15.18 16 44 2.0

Speight D-31 150 16.20 20 44 1.5

Paymaster UC9792 146 16.34 16 46 1.5

(FCX) FFR 808C 144 14.75 14 40 2.0

(39)

36

Chowan, Pamlico and Washington Counties - 1978

Ear Height

Northrup King PX 74 187 14.37 3 47 119 1.9

Premier 636 (SX) 186 15.90 1 51 130 2.5

Gutwein 62 184 13.87 1 45 114 2.1

McCurdy MSX84aa 182 14.74 2 44 113 2.2

Pioneer Brand 3311 180 14.78 1 45 115 2.2

Paymaster UC 8951 179 15.24 1 45 116 2.0

HcCurdy 76 -90 178 15.06 2 46 117 1.7

Ml:Curdy l'1SX84 176 13.89 2 45 114 2.0

Clark SX777A 175 13.87 1 46 118 1.8

T-E 6995 174 14.27 4 45 116 2.1

Premier 639 (SX) 173 16.05 2 45 116 2.0

Coker 22 172 15.18 1 51 129 2.1

R.A. 1502 172 14.38 1 44 112 1.8

McCurdy MSX86A 172 15.23 1 42 108 2.3

Pioneer Brand 3184 170 15.26 0 42 108 2.1

McCurdy MSX87A 169 14.46 2 42 106 2.0

Pioneer Brand 3369A 169 13.88 1 45 114 2.1

Premier 688 (MSX) 168 15.08 8 45 114 2.2

Northrup King PX95 164 16.40 4 52 133 2.3

DeKalb XL78 164 14.52 3 44 113 1.8

Mean of Test 163 14.84 3 44 112 1.:Q

R.A. 2501 160 14.56 2 43 110 1.6

P-A-G SX98 160 15.48 12 43 110 1.9

DeKalb XL72B 160 13.75 2 40 103 2.3

Clark SX770A 159 13.78 3 39 100 2.0

Wilstar 7774 156 15.35 6 41 104 1.7

(40)

37

Table 20. (Continued) Comparison of hybrids for certain characteristics

Chowan, Pam1ico and Washington Counties - 1978

Hybrid Designation

Yield Bus/A

Ear Height Moisture Lodging

Centi-% % Inches meters Quality

Commercial Hybrids Yellow Entries P-A-G 357 Wi1star 7676 DeKa1b XL75 Gutwein 72 Clark SX770 R.A. 2502

Premier 64L-I (MSX) Coker 16 Wilstar 9990 Speight D-31 Paymaster UC9792 Watson 417 Speight D-33 (FCX) FFR 808-C (FCX) FFR 909-C

156 155 1.54 154 154 154 152 151 149 149 149 146 146 144 119 14.16 15.56 13.85 13.81 14.33 16.24 13.99 14.34 16.39 15.27 15.46 15.92 15.26 13.91 16.16 5 10 1 3 2 7 2 5 6 5 3 2 4 3 3 45 43 44 40 42 39 43 42 42 45 48 43 46 38 37 114 109 113 103 108 100 109 106 108 115 122 109 115 98 93 2.1 2.4 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.0 2u2 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.2 Experimental Hybrids Yellow Entries Watson 418

B84 x (C103 x M017) Coker 19A

Coker 18A Speight 34

L . S . D. (.05) (.01) 181 180 170 153 146 16 21 14.34 14.33 15.66 15.71 14.59 .67 .88 3 4 1 3 3 5 6 45 48 45 41 40 114 122 114 105 103 8 12 2.6 1.9 2.2 2.3 1.4 .4 .6

(41)

38

GRAIN SORGHUM

MOst of the grain sorghum in North Carolina is grown in the Piedmont where

it is used primarily for feed purposes. In the Piedmont Area it is generally

produced as a single crop for the season, while in the Coastal Plain Area

it is frequently grown as a second crop following small grain. In 1978 all

tests were conducted in the Piedmont Area. The 1978 acreage for North

Carolina was estimated to be 79,000 acres, Which would be 9,000 acres more

than in 1977. The 1976 acreage was 90,000 acres. The all time high acreage

of 1971 (120,000 acres) resulted from the corn blight problem in 1970. The

average yield per acre for 1978 is estimated to be 52.0 bushels per acre or

fifteen bushels more than in 1977.

The data presented in this report provide information on the performance

of commercial varieties, hybrids and experimental lines grown in various

geographical areas of the state and under different cropping systems.

Information of this nature serves as a guide to sorghum breeders in their

development of varieties and to growers in choosing a variety to plant.

This report presents the results of the North Carolina Official Sorghum

Variety Trials for the 1978 season and summarizes the results of the tests

conducted during the past two and three years.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

In this program are included experimental lines, hybrids and varieties

developed by public and private agencies. Any individual or firm may make

application for having entries included. QUantitative data from experiments

in Which the proposed entry is compared with recognized hybrids and varieties

(42)

39

charged on an entry basis. Personnel of the testing program may include

entries about Which further information is desired.

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

Acco Seed Company

Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company

DeKalb Agric. Research, Inc.

George Warner Seed Company

Growers Seed Association

McNair Seed Company

Northrup King and Company

Pioneer Hi-Bred, Inc.

Ring Around Products, Inc.

Taylor-Evans Seed Company

Address

Plainview, Texas

Lubbock, Texas

Hereford, Texas

Lubbock, Texas

Laurinburg, N. C.

Columbus, Mississippi

Tipton, Indiana

Plainview, Texas

Tulia, Texas

Designation

Paymaster

Coker

DeKalb

Warner

Growers

McNair

Northrup King

Pioneer Brand

RA

T-E

Test Locations

Three locations were used in 1978 in the Piedmont as shown in Figure 1.

All tests were located on private farms and were considered to be good grain

sorghum tests for the 1978 season.

The 1978 growing season was generally good for the production of grain

sorghum and yields were more than in 1977. Good stands were obtained at all

three locations, and yields were generally better than previous years.

The average yield of grain sorghum production in North Carolina for 1978

was fifteen bushels more per acre than for 1977. The yield per acre for 1978 is

estimated at 52 bushels per acre.

The total production of grain sorghum in 1978 for North Carolina was

estimated to be 4,108,000 bushels. This increase resulted from more acres

(43)

40

Cultural Practices

Cultural practices, such as soil preparation, date of planting,

fertili-zation and topdressing were in accord with good management and were the same

for all entries at a location, ~able 21. Planting and harvesting were directly

supervised by personnel of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.

Experiments were harvested with a modified combine. The grain was caught

as it came from the elevator of the combine and was weighed at the end of each

plot on scales mounted on the combine. Moisture samples were taken in

water-proof plastic paper bags and the percent moisture determined by an official

moisture meter.

Data

A randomized block was used with four replications at each location.

Plot size was two rows 29 feet long. The row width was 38 inches (96 em) in

each test.

Yield: The plots were harvested individually and the average grain yield was

calculated in pounds per acre.

Moisture: A moisture percentage was taken and yields were adjusted to 14

percent moisture.

Plant Height: The average height of plants in each plot was taken and an

average for each entry was calculated.

Head Exsertion: The distance in inches from the top leaf to the base of the head

was measured and referred to as head exsertion. This distance gives an indication

of the ease with which grain sorghum may be harvested without leaves and plant

material hindering the operation.

Head Compactness: A description of head type was determined according to the

(44)

41

1. Compact type head

2. Average between compact and loose type

3. Loose type head

Results

The data presented in Tables 22 and 23 are summaries for various years

and locations and indicate how varieties have been performing in different

environments. A three-year average performance for the Piedmont is shown in

Table 22. Entries ranged in yield from 4783 for Pioneer Brand 8417 to 3881

pounds per acre for Growers ML-135.

The performance of entries during the last two years in the Piedmont is

shown in Table 23. Entries ranged in yield fram a high of 4558 pounds per acre

for Pioneer Brand 8417 to 3526 for DeKalb BR64.

A summary of the 1978 results for the Piedmont is shown in Table 24.

Yields ranged from 5846 pounds per acre for Pioneer Brand 8417 to 4056 for

Growers ML-135. Eighteen of the thirty-five entries yielded above the mean of

the test which is indicative of their good performance of these hybrids since

the tests were generally good and the season was generally fair for the production

of grain sorghum. However, data for more than one year should be utilized in

determining the performance of hybrids.

For conversion of information in tables the official weight per bushel of

(45)

Table 21 Cultural practices on grain sorghum performance trials. Piedmont. 1978.

Row Spacing Date Maturity

Area and Fertilizer Herbicide Topdressing Centi- of Date of

Cooperator lbs/A and Grade Pre emergence lbs/A of N Inches meters Planting Harvest

Anson County 400 Ramrod/Atrazine 100 38" 96 May 22 August 30

J. B. Martin 10-10-10 Broadcast Preplant

Alamance County 500 Ramrod/Atrazine 150 38" 96 May 25 October 18

Kent Coble 8-24-24

Broadcast Preplant

+="

N

Stanly County 450 Ramrod/Atrazine None 38" 96 April 19 August 30

(46)

Table 22.

43

Performance of grain sorghum - Piedmont. Three-year average 1976, 1977, 1978. Average of 9 locations.

Head Head Plant Yield Moisture Co~- Exertion Height

Entry Lbs/A % pactness Inches Inches

Pioneer Brand 8147 4783 12.70 2.9 4 44

Paymaster R 1029-A 4583 12.56 3.0 4 44

Paymaster BR-Y93 4371 13.18 2.6 6 46

Warner 839T 4369 12.55 2.4 5 43

Paymaster R-1090 4088 12.59 3.0 5 43

DeKalb E-59+ 4086 13.02 1.7 4 44

R.A. Bird-Go 68 4030 13.02 3.0 3 43

Growers ML-135 3881 12.22 2.9 5 40

Table 23. Performance of grain sorghum - Piedmont. Two-year average 1977, 1978. Average of 6 locations.

Head Head Plant Yield Moisture Com- Exertion Height

Entry Lbs/A % pactness Inches Inches

Pioneer Brand 8417 4558 12.24 2.9 4 43

Paymaster R 1029-A 4410 11.94 3.0 4 43

NK Savanna 5 4366 13.14 1.1 8 52

Paymaster BR-Y93 4292 12.58 2.8 7 46

NK Brand 2778 4038 12.03 2.6 5 44

Warner 839T 3985 11.98 2.4 6 42

Paymaster R-1090 3959 12.04 3.0 6 42

Warner 839DR 3902 12.36 2.0 4 41

DeKalb E-59+ 3820 12.56 1.6 5 45

R.A. Bird-Go 68 3715 12.45 3.0 4 44

Pioneer Brand 8272 3653 12.25 2.2 4 42

Growers ML-135 3621 11.80 2.9 4 40

NK Brand 2779 3530 12.33 2.5 6 41

(47)

44

Table 24. Performance of grain sorghum for certain characteristics. Piedmont. Anson, Stanly and Alamance Counties - 1978

Head Head Plant Yield Moisture Com- Exertion Height

Entries Lbs/A % pactness Inches Inches

Pioneer Brand 8417 5846 12.46 2.8 7 47

McNair 636 5780 12.68 3.0 8 46

+Pioneer Brand B815 5735 11.97 2.0 7 54

NK 2884 5647 12.27 2.0 8 52

+NK Savanna 5 5641 12.70 1.2 11 60

DeKalb D-61 5382 12.27 2.0 7 50

Warner 839DR 5370 12.36 1.8 8 46

+Coker 7672 BR 5345 12.53 3.0 8 47

+Paymaster BR-Y93 5317 12.60 2-.8 10 50

T-E Dinero 5241 12.59 1.7 6 45

NK 2778 5217 12.52 2.5 8 48

Coker 7707 5211 12.22 2.2 9 51

RA 807 5204 12.37 2.3 9 48

Paymaster R1029-A 5132 12.64 3.0 6 45

+Coker 7681 BR 5098 12.62 2.7 8 47

Pioneer Brand 8311 5083 12.03 2.7 5 46

Coker 7675 5066 12.55 1.7 7 46

Paymaster R 1090 5052 12.41 3.0 9 47

Mean of Test 4956 12.46 2.3 8 48

T-E Tota1-D 4847 12.66 2.2 8 51

+Coker 7652 BR 4830 12.03 2.5 7 46

DeKalb F-61+ 4822 12.39 2.5 9 48

DeKalb D-42Y+ 4821 12.54 2.0 8 47

RA 733 4609 12.21 2.5 7 43

DeKalb E-59+ 4601 12.42 1.8 9 52

+RA BG-68 4593 12.48 3.0 5 46

Growers GSA 1370 4532 13.06 1.5 8 50

Pioneer Brand 8272 4503 12.44 2.3 6 46

Warner 839T 4493 12.28 2.5 9 45

+DeKalb BR45+ 4489 12.34 2.0 7 42

NK 2779 4457 12.84 2.5 10 46

DeKalb D-54 4443 12.74 2.0 8 50

T-E Y-101-D 4429 12.72 2.0 7 45

Growers GSA 1180 4318 12.30 2.2 9 45

+DeKalb BR-64 4252 12.66 3.0 10 56

Growers ML 135 4056 12.33 2.8 6 42

L.S.D. (.05) N.S. N.S. .8 2 4

(.01) N.S. N.S. 1.0 3 5

c.v.

( % ) 28 5 28 24 7

(48)

45

SOYBEAN VARIETIES

Based on field samples and objective reports from growers throughout the

Tar Heel State, the North Carolina soybean production estimate as of November 17

is for 38,400,000 bushels. This potential crop would be some 9,400,000 bushels

more than was produced in 1977 or a 32 percent increase.

Yields are expected to average twenty-four bushels per acre--two bushels

more than last year. The indicated acreage for 1978 for beans is 1,600,000

compared with 1,400,000 acres harvested in 1977. The conditions of the state

soybean crop is estimated to be good. Fields are maturing at an ever increasing

rate as the fall weather advances. In 1978 the Official Variety Testing Program

mean yield of the early maturing varieties was 39.5 bushels per acre compared

to 26.8 bushels per acre for 1977. The mean yield on the late maturing entries

was 39.0 bushels per acre compared to 31.1 bushels per acre for 1977.

Four different maturity groups are grown in North Carolina--Groups V, VI,

VII and VIII, with maturity dates rangi~g from October 6 to November 8,

depending upon the group in which the variety is classified. Group V is the

earliest and Group VIII the latest maturing. A range in maturity for entries in

the test is given compared with a standard variety for each group.

There are several high yielding varieties available to the producer from

which he may choose according to desired maturity date, lodging, resistance, etc.

Information on the performance of commercial varieties and experimental lines

grown in different locations in the state is provided in this report. This

information serves as a guide to growers and agricultural workers in choosing a

variety and to soybean breeders in their development of varieties.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

Experimental lines and commercial varieties developed by both public and

(49)

46

acceptance, the proposed entry must reveal meriotorious performance When

compared with recognized varieties.

Any individual or firm may make application for having entries included.

A fee is charged on an entry basis. Personnel of the testing program may

include entries about which further information is desired.

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company, Hartsville, S. C.

Delta

&

Pine Land Company, Scott, Mississippi

Farmers Forage Research Coop., Lake City, S. C.

F.C.X., Inc., Raleigh, N. C.

McNair Seed Company, Laurinpurg, N. C.

North American Plant Breeders, West Memphis, Ark.

N. C. Agric. Expt. Sta. and USDA, Raleigh, N. C.

Ring Around Seed, Plainview, Texas

Designation

Coker

Deltapine

FFR

McNair

Lancer, Agripro

N. C.

R. A.

Test Locations

Seven regular tests were conducted in 1978 with three in the Coastal Plain

Area and four in the Piedmont Area, as shown in Figure 1. All were located on

private farms except in the Washington County test, which was conducted on an

experiment station. One test of late maturing entries was planted after

harvest of small grain. Data on this test are shown in Table 30.

The good growing conditions resulted in better than average yields at

most locations.

Seasonal Conditions

The growing season was generally good for the production of good yields

of soybeans in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont Areas of North Carolina for

1978. Dry and open weather during the harvest of the early variety tests

(50)

47

minimum. Most of the early maturing entries made good yields. Rain and high

humidity delayed harvest of late entries.

, Cultural Practices

Seed bed preparation, date of planting, fertilization and other cultural

practices were in accord with good farming practices and are listed in Table 25

Planting, harvesting and yield measurements were directly supervised by

personnel of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Dynap + Lasso was used as a herbicide at all locations.

Soybean Varieties

Ransom was the leading soybean variety planted in North Carolina in 1978

and accounted for 54 percent of the total acreage. Bragg was in second place

with 18 percent of the acreage. Forrest, a Group V variety, was planted on

(51)

48

Table 25. Cultural practices for soybean performance trials - 1978.

Row Spacing Date Date

Area and Fertilizer Centi- of of

Cooperator lbs/A Inches meters Planting Harvest

Coas tal PIa in

Washington County 300 38" 96 May 26 December 18 (early)

J. W. Smith 0-18-36 December 18 (late)

Superintendent Broadcast Tidewater Research Station

Wayne County 300 38" 96 May 15 October 11 (early)

Wayland Price 3-9-18 December 12 (late)

Broadcast

Robeson County 38" 96 May 24 October 20 (early)

George Pate December 11 (late)

Wayne County

Wayland Price 38" 96 June 15 December 11 (late)

(planted after small grain)

Piedmont

Franklin County 600 38" 96 May 20 December 16 (early)

Jim Moss 10-20-20 December 16 (late)

Broadcast

Orange County 38" 96 June 6 November 3 (early)

S. J. Parker, Jr. Discarded (late)

Union County

Marvin Medlin 250 38" 96 May 29 November 1 (early)

12-24-24 November 1 (late)

Broadcast

Stanly County 600 38" 96 May 23 November 1 (early)

Reggie Burris 15-15-15 November 1 (late)

Criterial for Evaluating Soybean Varieties

Yield bu/acre: Each plot was harvested and weighed and converted to bushels per

acre. All yields were adjusted to 14 percent moisture.

Moisture: A sample was taken from each plot immediately after the beans were

weighed. The samples were placed in waterproof, plastic-coasted paper bags and

the moisture percent was determined on an official moisture meter.

Plant Height: Plant height was determined for measuring from the ground to top

(52)

49

Lodging: Lodging was rated according to the following scale:

1. All erect

2. 5-25% down

3. 26-50% down

4. 51-75% down

5. 75-100% down

Maturity Group: Maturity groups ranged from Group V through Group VIII. The

dates of maturity are as follows:

Group V October 6-10

Group VI October 20-24

Group VII October 26-30

Group VIII November 4-8

Entries were compared to a reference variety in each maturity group.

Maturity is expressed as days earlier (-) or days later (+) than the reference

variety. The calendar date for the maturity of the standard variety is listed

for each group. '

RESULTS

Performance data over a two and three-year period as shown in Tables 26

and 27. Varietal performance varied between locations, depending upon the

seasonal conditions. Table 28 shows data on yield from each location as well

as the mean for all locations. It would depend on maturity desired, plant

characteristics and other factors as to what variety would be most desirable for

a specific location.

The maturity group in which each entry belongs is listed in Table 28.

The approximate date of maturity for these groups has been presented earlier.

Information on lodging, plant height and moisture is shown in Table 29.

The data should be considered not only for yield but for maturity group

and other characters which might influence the selection of a variety. All

available data should be studied to aid in selecting a variety that best fits

(53)

Table 26.

50

Performance of Soybeans. Three year average - 1976-77-78. Average of 14 locations.

35 11.46

28 11.94

36 11.92

33 11.61

36 11.88

41 12.25

43 11.60

35 11.96

39 11.74

37 11.83

38 11.59

33 11.74

40 11.55

38 11.67

32 11.89

31 11.78

Yield

Entries Bu/A Lodging

EARLY MATURING ENTRIES

Forrest 35.3 1.0

Essex 34.5 1.0

Coker 136 33.7 1.0

McNair 500 33.4 1.0

LATE MATURING ENTRIES

Ransom 37.2 1.0

Coker 338 36.7 1.0

Bragg 36.3 1.0

Hutton 35.6 1.0

Davis 35.4 1.0

Lancer 35.3 1.0

Centennial 34.7 1.0

Pickett 71 34.6 1.0

(FCX) FFR 777 34.5 1.0

*McNair Exp. 3129 34.5 1.0

Lee 74 33.4 1.0

(FCX) FFR 666 33.0 1.0

')'(Experimentals.

Plant Height

(54)

51

Table 27. Performance of Soybeans. Two year average - 1977-78. Average of 10 locations.

Plant

Yield Height %

Entries Bu/A Lodging Inches Moisture

EARLY MATURING ENTRIES

FFR 557 34.8 1.0 36 11.78

Forrest 33.9 1.0 34 11.50

Essex 33.2 1.0 28 12.04

Coker 136 32.8 1.0 35 11.86

McNair 500 32.0 1.0 33 11.54

LATE MATURING ENTRIES

GaSoy 17 39.5 1.0 42 11.80

*McNair Exp. 3182 38.6 1.0 34 11.48

Coker 338 36.8 1.0 42 11.97

Ransom 35.7 1.0 34 11.68

Bragg 35.4 1.0 42 11.40

Hutton 34.6 1.0 39 12.76

Davis 34.0 1.0 37 11.54

R.A. 700 33.9 1.0 42 11.62

Centennial 33.8 1.0 37 11.38

Pickett 71 33.6 1.0 33 11.57

Lancer 33.6 1.0 36 11.71

Govan 33.4 1.0 38 11.44

(FCX) FFR 777 32.8 1.0 39 11.22

Lee 74 32.8 1.0 32 11.64

i~cNairExp. 3129 32.2 1.0 36 11.28

(FCX) FFR 666 32.0 1.0 30 11.56