M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
× × × ×
× × × ×
THE
THE
UL
UL
TIM
TIM
A
A
TE DVD GUID
TE DVD GUID
E!
E!
× × × ×
× × × ×
F O R S E R I O U S L Y S E R I O U S G U I T A R I S T S
F O R S E R I O U S L Y S E R I O U S G U I T A R I S T S
M A S T E R I N G
M A S T E R I N G
DVD
DVD
A R P E G G I O S
A R P E G G I O S
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
×
×
MASTERING ARPEGGIOS
MASTERING ARPEGGIOS
A
A
DELUXE CRASH
DELUXE CRASH
COURSE IN GUIT
COURSE IN GUIT
AR THEORY
AR THEORY
×
×
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1
G Major Arpeggios
G Major Arpeggios in Positions
in Positions
(FIGURES 1–31)
(FIGURES 1–31)
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 2
G Minor Arpeggios in Positions
G Minor Arpeggios in Positions
(FIGURES 32-62)
(FIGURES 32-62)
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 3
The Circle of Fifths
The Circle of Fifths
(FIGURES 63 and 64)
(FIGURES 63 and 64)
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 4
G Diminished Arpeggios in Positions
G Diminished Arpeggios in Positions
(FIGURES 65-81)
(FIGURES 65-81)
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5
G Augmented Arpeggios in Positions
G Augmented Arpeggios in Positions
(FIGURES 82-105)
(FIGURES 82-105)
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 6
Two-notes-per-string Patterns
Two-notes-per-string Patterns
(FIGURES 106-122)
(FIGURES 106-122)
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 7
Classic Rock Arpeggio Licks
Classic Rock Arpeggio Licks
(FIGURES 123 and 124)
(FIGURES 123 and 124)
CHAPTER 8
CHAPTER 8
Diatonic Triad Arpeggios in G
Diatonic Triad Arpeggios in G
(FIGURES 125-142)
(FIGURES 125-142)
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 9
Open-voiced Arpeggios,
Open-voiced Arpeggios,
One Note Per String
One Note Per String
(FIGURES 143-146)
(FIGURES 143-146)
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 10
Interval Patterns
Interval Patterns
(FIGURES 147 and 148)
(FIGURES 147 and 148)
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 11
Tapping Diatonic Triad Arpeggios
Tapping Diatonic Triad Arpeggios
(FIGURES 149-151)
(FIGURES 149-151)
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 12
Using Open Strings
Using Open Strings to Extend Range,
to Extend Range,
Classical Style
Classical Style
(FIGURES 152-154)
(FIGURES 152-154)
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
G
FIGURE 87 same pattern, starting on the top note
Gaug
1915 19 1616 19 1519 1915 1916 1619 15 19 19 15 20 16 16 20 15 19 19 15 20 16 16 20 15 19G
19 15 19 16 16 19 15 19 19 15 19 16 16 19 15 19 19G
FIGURE 88 G major and augmented arpeggios in two octaves, fifth position
3
3
3
3
Gaug
3
3
3
3
G
3
3
3
3
7 5 5 9 7 8 7 8 7 9 5 5 7 6 5 9 8 8 7 8 8 9 5 6 7 5 5 9 7 8 7 8 7 9 5 5 7G
FIGURE 89 G major and augmented arpeggios in two octaves, seventh position
Gaug
7 10 10 9 7 8 7 10 10 7 8 7 9 10 10 7 7 11 10 9 8 8 12 11 11 12 8 8 9 10 11 7G
7 10 10 9 7 8 7 10 10 7 8 7 9 10 10 7 7M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
G
FIGURE 109 same shape, with a rolling triplet pattern
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 7 5 10 5 7 5 10 9 12 9 10 9 12 12 16 12 12 12 16 15 20 15 163
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
15 2 0 19 22 19 20 15 20 19 20 15 16 12 16 15 16 12 12 9 12 12 12 9 10 5 10 9 10 5 7 3 GFIGURE 110 two-notes-per-string G major arpeggio, starting on the third and using a string skip
7 10 10 14 12 17 16 19 15 19 19 15 19 14 17 12 14 10 10 7 7 G
FIGURE 111 two-notes-per-string G major arpeggio, starting on the fifth and using a string skip
10 15 14 17 17 21 15 20 20 15 21 17 17 14 15 10 10 G
FIGURE 112 two-notes-per-string G major arpeggio, starting on the third and on the A string
2 5 5 9 7 12 12 15 15 19 19 15 15 12 12 7 9 5 5 2 2
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
G
FIGURE 113 same pattern, shortened and with a string skip added
2 5 5 9 7 12 7 10 10 7 12 7 9 5 5 2 2 G
FIGURE 114 two-notes-per-string G major arpeggio, starting on the fifth and on the D string
0 5 4 7 8 12 10 15 15 10 12 8 7 4 5 0 0 G
FIGURE 115 two-notes-per-string G major arpeggio, starting on the root and on the G string
0 4 3 8 7 10 10 7 8 3 4 0 0 G
FIGURE 116 G major, minor, diminished and augmented arpeggios in three octaves, starting on the root
3 7 5 10 9 12 12 16 15 20 19 22 22 19 20 15 16 12 12 9 10 5 7 3 Gm 3 6 5 10 8 12 12 15 15 20 18 22 22 18 20 15 15 12 12 8 10 5 6 3
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
Gdim
3 6 4 10 8 11 12 15 14 20 18 21 21 18 20 14 15 12 11 8 10 4 6 3G
3 7 5 10 9 12 12 16 15 20 19 22 22 19 20 15 16 12 12 9 10 5 7 3Gaug
3 7 6 10 9 13 12 16 16 20 19 20 16 16 12 13 9 10 6 7 3G
FIGURE 117 G major, minor, diminished and augmented arpeggios, starting on the third
7 10 10 14 12 17 16 19 15 19 19 15 19 16 17 12 14 10 10 7
Gm
6 10 10 13 12 17 15 19 15 18 18 15 19 15 17 12 13 10 10 6Gdim
6 9 10 13 11 17 15 18 15 18 18 15 18 15 17 11 13 10 9 6M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
G
7 10 10 14 12 17 16 19 15 19 19 15 19 16 17 12 14 10 10 7Gaug
7 11 10 14 13 17 16 20 15 19 19 15 20 16 17 13 14 10 11 7G
7 10 10 14 12 17 16 19 15 19 19 15 19 16 17 12 14 10 10 7G
FIGURE 118 G major, minor, diminished and augmented arpeggios, starting on the fifth
Gm
10 15 14 17 12 16 10 15 15 10 16 12 17 14 15 10 10 15 13 17 12 15 10 15 15 10 15 12 17 13 15 10Gdim
G
9 15 13 16 12 15 9 15 15 9 15 12 16 13 15 9 10 15 14 17 12 16 1015 1510 1612 1714 15 10Gaug
G
11 15 14 18 12 16 11 15 15 11 16 12 18 14 15 11 10 15 14 17 12 16 10 1515 10 16 12 17 14 1510M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
B
FIGURE 119 two-notes-per-string Bb, Bbm, Bbdim and Bb aug arpeggios, starting on the fifth
1 6 5 8 8 12 10 15 15 18 18 22 22 18 18 15 15 10 12 8 8 5 6 1
B m
1 6 4 8 8 11 10 15 14 18 18 21 21 18 18 14 15 10 11 8 8 4 6 1B d i m
0 6 4 7 8 11 9 15 14 17 18 21 21 18 17 14 15 9 11 8 7 4 6 0B
1 6 5 8 8 12 10 15 15 18 18 22 22 18 18 15 15 10 12 8 8 5 6 1B a u g
2 6 5 9 8 12 11 15 15 19 18 22 22 18 19 15 15 11 12 8 9 5 6 2M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × B 1 6 5 8 8 12 10 15 15 18 18 22 22 18 18 15 15 10 12 8 8 5 6 1 G
FIGURE 120 G, Gm, Gdim and Gaug arpeggios, starting on the third and on the A string
2 5 5 9 7 12 12 15 15 19 19 15 15 12 12 7 9 5 5 2 Gm 1 5 5 8 7 12 11 15 15 18 18 15 15 11 12 7 8 5 5 1 Gdim 1 4 5 8 6 12 11 14 15 18 18 15 14 11 12 6 8 5 4 1 G 2 5 5 9 7 12 12 15 15 19 19 15 15 12 12 7 9 5 5 2
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
Gaug
2
6
5
9
8
12
12
16
15
19
19 15
16
12
12
8
9
5
6
2
G
2
5
5
9
7
12
12
15
15
19
19 15
15
12
12
7
9
5
5
2
Gaug
FIGURE 121 resolving the previous G augmented arpeggio to C major, using the same type of pattern
2
6
5
9
8
12
12
16
15
19
19 15
16
12
12
8
9
5
6
2
C
3
7
5
10
9
12
13 17
15 20
20 15
17 13
12
9
10
5
7 3
(3)
C/ E
FIGURE 122 dramatic, "classical virtuoso-style" arpeggio run, resolving C /E to Fm
0
3
3
7
5
10
9
12
13 17
15 20
20 15
17 13
12
9
10
5
7
3
3
0
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
FIGURE 123 Mark Knopfler-style two-string arpeggio solo
Dm B 3 1 5 1 3 1 5 1 3 1 5 1 3 1 5 1 3 1 6 1 3 1 6 1 3 1 6 1 3 1 6 5 3 C Dm 8 3 5 3 8 3 5 3 8 3 5 3 8 3 5 3 8 3 5 3 8 3 5 3 8 3 5 3 8 6 5 10 5 6 5 10 5 6 5 10 5 6 5 10 5 6 6 B C 10 6 6 6 1 0 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 10 8 8 12 8 8 8 12 8 8 8 12 8 8 8 1 2 8 8 8 12 8 8 8 1 2 8 8 8 12 8 8 8 12 10 10 Dm B C 1310 10 101310 10 101310 10 101310 11 10 1310 11 101310 11 101310 11 1013 13 12 1512 13 121512 13 121512 13 121512 13 12 Fm
1
4
3
8
6 10
10 13
13 18
16 20
20 16
18 13
13 10
10 6
8
3
4 1
(1)
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × C Dm 20 15 17 15 20 15 17 15 20 15 17 15 20 15 17 15 20 15 17 15 20 15 17 15 20 15 17 15 20 17 15
full
20 BmFIGURE 124 Eagles-style arpeggio melody
F 10 7 10 10 7 10 10 7 10 10 7 10 10 7 10 9 6 7 9 6 7 9 6 7 9 6 7 9 6 7 A E 9 5 5 9 5 5 9 5 5 9 5 5 9 5 5 7 4 5 7 4 5 7 4 5 7 4 5 7 4 5 G D 7 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 Dm B 1512 13 121512 13 121512 13 1215 15 13 1713 15 131713 15 131713 15 131713 15 13 1813 15 131813 15 131813 15 1318 17 15
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × Bm F 7 14 10 12 14 10 12 14 10 12 14 10 12 14 10 12 12 9 11 12 9 11 12 9 11 12 9 11 12 9 11 A E7 12 9 10 12 9 10 12 9 10 12 9 10 12 9 10 10 7 9 10 7 9 10 7 9 10 7 9 10 7 9 G D 10 7 8 10 7 8 10 7 8 10 7 8 10 7 8 10 5 7 10 5 7 10 5 7 10 5 7 10 5 7 Em F Bm 7 3 5 7 3 5 7 3 5 7 3 5 7 3 5 9 6 7 9 6 7 9 6 7 9 6 7 9 6 7 12 G D 7 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 Em F 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 6 2 2 6 2 2 6 2 2 6 2 2 6 2 2
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
G
FIGURE 147 two-octave diatonic triad arpeggios in G major, with interval patterns (fifths and sixths)
3 7 5 5 4 7 3 7 7 3 7 4 5 5 7 3 3 3 5 7 5 5 4 5 7 4 3 7 7 4 3 5 7 5 4 7 5 3 5 Am 5 8 7 7 5 9 5 8 8 5 9 5 7 7 8 5 5 5 7 8 7 7 5 7 9 5 5 9 8 5 5 7 9 7 5 8 7 5 7 Bm 7 10 9 9 7 11 7 10 10 7 11 7 9 9 10 7 7 7 9 10 9 9 7 9 11 7 7 11 10 7 7 9 11 9 7 10 9 7 9 C 8 12 10 10 9 12 8 12 12 8 12 9 10 10 12 8 8 8 10 12 10 10 9 10 12 9 8 12 12 9 8 10 12 10 9 12 10 8 10 D 1014 12 12 11 14 10 14 14 10 14 11 12 12 14 10 10 10 12 14 12 12 11 12 14 11 10 14 14 11 10 12 14 12 11 14 12 10 12
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × Em 1215 14 14 12 16 1215 15 12 16 12 14 14 15 12 12 12 14 15 14 14 12 14 16 12 12 16 15 12 12 14 16 14 12 15 14 12 14 F d im 1417 15 16 14 17 1417 17 14 17 14 16 15 17 14 14 14 15 17 16 15 14 16 17 14 14 17 17 14 14 16 17 15 14 17 16 14 15 G 1519 17 17 16 19 15 19 19 15 19 16 17 17 19 15 15 15 17 19 17 17 16 17 19 16 15 19 19 16 15 17 19 17 16 19 17 15 17 G 3 7 5 5 4 7 3 7 7 3 7 4 5 5 7 3 3 3 5 7 5 5 4 5 7 4 3 7 7 4 3 5 7 5 4 7 5 3 5 F d im 2 5 3 4 2 5 2 5 5 2 5 2 4 3 5 2 2 2 3 5 4 3 2 4 5 2 2 5 5 2 2 4 5 3 2 5 4 2 3 Em 0 3 2 2 0 4 0 3 3 0 4 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 2 3 2 2 0 2 4 0 0 4 3 0 0 2 4 2 0 3 2 0 2
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × F d im
2 5
3
4
2 5
2 5 5 2
5 2
4
3
5
2
2
2
3
5
4
3
2
4
5 2
2
5
5
2
2
4
5
3
2
5
4
2
3
G3 7
5
5
4 7
3 7 7 3
7 4
5
5
7
3
3
3
5
7
5
5
4
5
7 4
3
7
7
4
3
5
7
5
4
7
5
3
5
GFIGURE 148 playing other fingering patterns in intervals
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2 5
5
4
3
3
3
4
5
5 2
3
3
5 2
5
5
4
5
3
4
3
5
3
5
4
2
5
3
5
(5)
Em0
3
2
7
5
9
9 12
12 17
15 19
19 15
17 12
12
9
9
5
7
2
3 0
(0)
0
2
3
7 2
5
7
9 5
9
9
12
9
12
12
1712
15
17
19
12
15
12
17
9
12
9
12
5
9
7
9
2
5
3
7
0
2
M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
G
FIGURE 149 tapping diatonic triad arpeggios in the key of G major on the low E string
Am
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Bm C3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
10T
3 7 1 0T
3 7 1 0T
3 7 1 0T
3 7 1 2T
5 8 12T
5 8 12T
5 8 12T
5 8 14T
71014T
7 1014T
7 1014T
71015T
81215T
81215T
8 1215T
8 12 D Em3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
F d im G3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
17T
101417T
101417T
101417T
101419T
121519T
121519T
121519T
1215 20T
1417 20T
141720T
1417 20T
1417 22T
1519 22T
1519 22T
1519 22T
1519 F d im Em3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
D C3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
20T
141720T
141720T
1417 20T
141719T
121519T
121519T
121519T
1215 17T
101417T
101417T
101417T
101415T
8 1215T
81215T
8 1215T
8 12 Bm Am3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
G F d im3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
14T
7 1014T
7 1014T
71014T
71012T
5 8 1 2T
5 8 12T
5 8 12T
5 8 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 1 0T
3 7 8T
2 5 8T
2 5 8T
2 5 8T
2 5M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × Em F d im
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
G3
3
3
3
7T
0 3 7T
0 3 7T
0 3 7T
0 3 8T
2 5 8T
2 5 8T
2 5 8T
2 5 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 10T
3 GFIGURE 150 same thing on the G string (octave higher)
Am
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Bm C3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7T
0 4 7T
0 4 7T
0 4 7T
0 4 9T
2 5 9T
2 5 9T
2 5 9T
2 5 11T
4 7 11T
4 7 11T
4 7 11T
4 7 12T
5 9 12T
5 9 12T
5 9 1 2T
5 9 D Em3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
F d im G3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
14T
7 1114T
7 1114T
7 1114T
7 1116T
9 1216T
9 1216T
9 1216T
9 12 17T
111417T
111417T
111417T
1114 19T
121619T
121619T
121619T
1216 Am G3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
F d im Em3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
21T
1417 21T
1417 21T
1417 21T
141719T
121619T
121619T
121619T
1216 17T
111417T
111417T
111417T
1114 16T
9 1216T
91216T
9 1216T
9 12M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × D C
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Bm Am3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
14T
7 1114T
7 1114T
7 1114T
7 1112T
5 9 1 2T
5 9 12T
5 9 12T
5 9 11T
4 7 11T
4 7 11T
4 7 11T
4 7 9T
2 5 9T
2 5 9T
2 5 9T
2 5 G3
3
3
3
7T
0 4 7T
0 4 7T
0 4 7T
0 4 7T
0 GFIGURE 151 same thing on the B string (octave higher)
Am
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Bm C3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
15T
8 1215T
8 1215T
81215T
81217T
101317T
101317T
101317T
1013 19T
121519T
121519T
121519T
1215 20T
1317 20T
1317 20T
1317 20T
1317 D C3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Bm Am3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
22T
151922T
151922T
1519 22T
1519 20T
1317 20T
131720T
131720T
1317 19T
121519T
121519T
121519T
121517T
101317T
101317T
101317T
1013 G F d im3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Em D3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
15T
8 1215T
8 1215T
81215T
81213T
7 1013T
7 1013T
7 1013T
7 10 12T
5 8 1 2T
5 8 12T
5 8 12T
5 8 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 1 0T
3 7M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × C Bm
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
C D3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
8T
1 5 8T
1 5 8T
1 5 8T
1 5 7T
0 3 7T
0 3 7T
0 3 7T
0 3 8T
1 5 8T
1 5 8T
1 5 8T
1 5 1 0T
3 7 10T
3 7 10T
3 7 1 0T
3 7 Em F d im3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
G3
3
3
3
12T
5 8 12T
5 8 12T
5 8 12T
5 8 13T
7 10 13T
7 10 13T
7 1 0 1 3T
7 10 15T
8 12 15T
8 1 2 1 5T
8 12 15T
8 12 15T
8A
FIGURE 152 one-bar excerpts from "Etude No. 2" by Hector Villa-Lobos
0 4 2 2 2 0 10 9 12 9 10 0 2 2 2 4
E/ B
2 2 1 0 0 13 12 12 16 12 12 13 0 0 1 2A
0 4 2 2 2 0 10 9 12 9 10 0 2 2 2 4M A S T E R I N G A R P E G G I O S × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
E
FIGURE 153 excerpt from beginning of "Caprice No. 1" by Nicolo Paganini
B/ D# E B 7 6 9 9 9 9 6 7 6 9 9 7 7 9 9 6 7 6 9 9 9 9 6 7 7 9 8 7 7 8 9 7 E/ G# A F / A# B 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 5 7 6 5 9 12 6 4 6 6 6 6 4 6 7 9 8 7 11 14 B/ D# E B/ F# E/G# 11 9 11 11 11 11 9 11 12 14 13 12 12 13 14 12 14 13 12 14 14 12 13 14 16 14 16 16 16 16 14 16