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(1)

Trigger Point Guide

Trigger Point Guide

Theory

Theory

Karri Koivula

(2)

Legal notices

Legal notices

Disclaimer

Disclaimer

Huge effort is made that this book represents generally accepted medical practises and that Huge effort is made that this book represents generally accepted medical practises and that this information doesn’t pose a risks for anybody who uses it.

this information doesn’t pose a risks for anybody who uses it.

But it is very important that you realize that

But it is very important that you realize that you read this book at your own you read this book at your own risk.risk.

All material provided in this e-book is for informational and educational purposes only, and not All material provided in this e-book is for informational and educational purposes only, and not to be construed as medical advice.

to be construed as medical advice.

No action should be taken solely based on this e-book No action should be taken solely based on this e-book

Absolutely

Absolutely consult you physician before you take any actions related to your you healthconsult you physician before you take any actions related to your you health By downloading/reading this book 

By downloading/reading this book 

You understand and agree that in no event shall the author nor the publisher of this e-book be liable You understand and agree that in no event shall the author nor the publisher of this e-book be liable to you or any other

to you or any other user of this e-book for the use of the user of this e-book for the use of the information.information.

Statements mentioned within this e-book are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent Statements mentioned within this e-book are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

any disease.

The statements made within this e-book have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug The statements made within this e-book have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.

Administration.

If you don’t understand or agree these terms then please quit reading this book right now and If you don’t understand or agree these terms then please quit reading this book right now and delete this book from your computer.

delete this book from your computer.

Thanks. Thanks.

Copy

Copyright nright n oticeotice

It’s illegal to copy any material from this book and distribute it. It’s illegal to copy any material from this book and distribute it.

I regularly search the internet for illegal copies. I regularly search the internet for illegal copies.

And I will press criminal charges against those who illegally distribute it. And I will press criminal charges against those who illegally distribute it.

Copyright. 2004 Karri Koivula Copyright. 2004 Karri Koivula

(3)

Legal notices

Legal notices

Disclaimer

Disclaimer

Huge effort is made that this book represents generally accepted medical practises and that Huge effort is made that this book represents generally accepted medical practises and that this information doesn’t pose a risks for anybody who uses it.

this information doesn’t pose a risks for anybody who uses it.

But it is very important that you realize that

But it is very important that you realize that you read this book at your own you read this book at your own risk.risk.

All material provided in this e-book is for informational and educational purposes only, and not All material provided in this e-book is for informational and educational purposes only, and not to be construed as medical advice.

to be construed as medical advice.

No action should be taken solely based on this e-book No action should be taken solely based on this e-book

Absolutely

Absolutely consult you physician before you take any actions related to your you healthconsult you physician before you take any actions related to your you health By downloading/reading this book 

By downloading/reading this book 

You understand and agree that in no event shall the author nor the publisher of this e-book be liable You understand and agree that in no event shall the author nor the publisher of this e-book be liable to you or any other

to you or any other user of this e-book for the use of the user of this e-book for the use of the information.information.

Statements mentioned within this e-book are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent Statements mentioned within this e-book are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

any disease.

The statements made within this e-book have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug The statements made within this e-book have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.

Administration.

If you don’t understand or agree these terms then please quit reading this book right now and If you don’t understand or agree these terms then please quit reading this book right now and delete this book from your computer.

delete this book from your computer.

Thanks. Thanks.

Copy

Copyright nright n oticeotice

It’s illegal to copy any material from this book and distribute it. It’s illegal to copy any material from this book and distribute it.

I regularly search the internet for illegal copies. I regularly search the internet for illegal copies.

And I will press criminal charges against those who illegally distribute it. And I will press criminal charges against those who illegally distribute it.

Copyright. 2004 Karri Koivula Copyright. 2004 Karri Koivula

(4)

Start here

Start here

Foreword

Foreword

The focus here is in practical advice. The focus here is in practical advice. The bottom line,

The bottom line, And all that matters, And all that matters, Is that tr

Is that triggeigger points cause referred pain,r points cause referred pain, And that they “relax” trough massage. And that they “relax” trough massage.

And that the pain symptoms they cause will vanish along them… And that the pain symptoms they cause will vanish along them…

Call to action Call to action Read some

Read some theorytheory below then go to thebelow then go to the pain patternspain patterns section and…section and… Look at the body part pictures and try to

Look at the body part pictures and try to pin point ypin point your pain, tour pain, then look at the muscle pain index andhen look at the muscle pain index and see which muscles are generally involved.

see which muscles are generally involved.

Then go to work, use the side menu to easily jump to what ever muscles you need to massage, and Then go to work, use the side menu to easily jump to what ever muscles you need to massage, and use the pictures and written guidelines if any to get the job done.

use the pictures and written guidelines if any to get the job done.

Theory section starts

Theory section starts

Trigger points are hyper contracted bundles of muscle cells. Also because of this contraction there Trigger points are hyper contracted bundles of muscle cells. Also because of this contraction there are taut

are taut banbands of ds of stretched muscle attached to these contraction knots tstretched muscle attached to these contraction knots that run to hat run to both directions andboth directions and end up in the muscles attachments points.

end up in the muscles attachments points.

Putting pressure on the trigger point will eventually make them relax. Putting pressure on the trigger point will eventually make them relax.

Even pressing at the taut band can make this happen as it forces a stretch to the contracted knots Even pressing at the taut band can make this happen as it forces a stretch to the contracted knots that are in the center.

that are in the center. But for best

But for best effeeffect ct you want to aim center.you want to aim center. you’ll locate the

you’ll locate the center/triggecenter/trigger por point by its pressure tint by its pressure tendernessenderness, pressing it , pressing it moderate/hard forcemoderate/hard force should cause noticeable pain both ate the spot and in the pain referral zone.

should cause noticeable pain both ate the spot and in the pain referral zone.

You can test this by pressing a spot few centimetres of the spot, and see that you can barely feel the You can test this by pressing a spot few centimetres of the spot, and see that you can barely feel the pressing.

pressing.

Normal muscle tissue can take a lot of force applied to

Normal muscle tissue can take a lot of force applied to it; until you start to it; until you start to feel even slightfeel even slight discomfort.

(5)

Trigger point identification -important

Trigger point identification -important

Pressure tender spot

Pressure tender spot Spot that hurts to Spot that hurts to presspress Twitch reaction

Twitch reaction

When you press the spot or taut band you can feel the taut band to twitch violently. When you press the spot or taut band you can feel the taut band to twitch violently. It’s good indicator from trigger points, but

It’s good indicator from trigger points, but it doesn’t happenit doesn’t happen, or , or you can’you can’t at always feel it.lways feel it. Reappearing of referred pain symptom

Reappearing of referred pain symptom

When you press the tp you feel something on the actual pain zone were the symptom that bothers When you press the tp you feel something on the actual pain zone were the symptom that bothers you exists.

you exists.

Sometimes it’s the exact feeling of the pain but most cases you just feel some weird sensations in Sometimes it’s the exact feeling of the pain but most cases you just feel some weird sensations in the general area of you pain zone.

the general area of you pain zone.

Brief massage guide lines

Brief massage guide lines

Find the spot and the direction of applying pressure massage that hurts the most. Find the spot and the direction of applying pressure massage that hurts the most. Massage multiple short session though out the day.

Massage multiple short session though out the day.

As long as it takes for the spots to become none-tender, or as long as it takes to get relief. As long as it takes for the spots to become none-tender, or as long as it takes to get relief. This will in most cases take weeks.

This will in most cases take weeks. Ways to massage

Ways to massage Repetitive stroke

Repetitive stroke massagemassage oror continuous pressurecontinuous pressure Il like the best

Il like the best from continuous pressufrom continuous pressure applied by tool and using bodyweight for applying there applied by tool and using bodyweight for applying the pressure. It’s the lazy person’s way to do it

pressure. It’s the lazy person’s way to do it and works just perfect.and works just perfect. Continuous

Continuous pressurpressuree

Hold 8-15 seconds pressure move to another spot come back later repeat about 2-3 per spot 2-5 Hold 8-15 seconds pressure move to another spot come back later repeat about 2-3 per spot 2-5 times per day

times per day Massage Massage

Massage 10 strokes move to another spot come back repeat 2-3 times per spot 6-10 times per day Massage 10 strokes move to another spot come back repeat 2-3 times per spot 6-10 times per day There are no rules once you get the hang of it youll make you own system.

(6)

Case example

Acute pain phase

Massages points in many sessions a day for two weeks

Holy smoke I am full of these buggers it seems that every inc of my body is is a tender spot. Pain symptoms regress backwards old injuries start to feel again maybe resulting in more pain. My muscles are twitching like there no tomorrow.

Where is this all going to lead..

Then every other day for couple of weeks Things start to normalize

I got to tell everybody about this.

This is pretty cool, why the doctors didn’t tell me about this. Upkeep/ maintenance

Then once a week, or when needed.

Massage is getting boring but some of the points are still a bit tender, although generally it gets harder and harder to find them

Then once a moth, one session holding for 5 seconds,per spot. I’m so lazy I should do the massage more often.

Some spots may get tender but they don’t seem to cause those old referred pain symptoms, strange…

(7)

Pain shift - important

What you get is a pain shift or the pain gets worse.

You can aggravate the current tp and your pain symptom worsens this is common although it doesn’t seem to postpone the relaxation of the tp.

Which is bit odd, but that’s the practice of things.

And thus some use very rough methods from the beginning to get things handled as quickly as possible and suffer a little extra pain.

Pain shift can be like going back in time.

Pain shift happens when the pull of the muscles changes and it flares old latent trigger points. For example if you hurt you foot and got longstanding knee pain that eventually settled in you hip. You can experience the same knee pain again as the trigger point will flare upp again as the balance between the pull of the muscles changes as you massage tps.

But at this point don’t call me and get angry at me but continue to massage the points that are responsible of this newly appeared symptom.

They should vanish eventually.

I don’t know a case where this pain shift or regression back to old symptoms haven’t vanished-I don’t see any logic reasons for this but realize that there is a risk for this.

(8)

Trigger Point Guide

Pain patterns

(9)

Index

Index

1. Head and neck pain

1. Head and neck pain

2. Upper back, shoulder, upper arm pain

2. Upper back, shoulder, upper arm pain

3.

3. Middle back,

Middle back, lower back

lower back ,hip and

,hip and buttock pain

buttock pain

4. Chest, abdominal and groin pain ,

4. Chest, abdominal and groin pain ,

5. hip, thigh, knee pain

5. hip, thigh, knee pain

6. Leg and ankle pain

6. Leg and ankle pain

7. Foot pain

7. Foot pain

(10)

Head and Neck pain

Head and Neck pain

(11)

I pain/muscle index

I pain/muscle index

Top of head

Top of head

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

splenius capitis

splenius capitis

Back of head pain

Back of head pain

Trapezius

Trapezius

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

semispinalis capitis

semispinalis capitis

semispinalis cervicis

semispinalis cervicis

splenius cervicis

splenius cervicis

suboccipital group

suboccipital group

occipitalis

occipitalis

digastric

digastric

temporalis

temporalis

Side of head

Side of head

Trapezius

Trapezius

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

temporalis

temporalis

splenius cervicis

splenius cervicis

suboccipital group

suboccipital group

semispinalis capitis

semispinalis capitis

Front of head

Front of head

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

Frontalis

Frontalis

zygomaticus major

zygomaticus major

semispinalis capitis

semispinalis capitis

korva ja leuka nivel

korva ja leuka nivel

särky

särky

lateral pterygoid

lateral pterygoid

massater

massater

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

Eye area pain

Eye area pain

Sternocleidomastoid

Sternocleidomastoid

Temporalis

Temporalis

slpenius cervicis

slpenius cervicis

massater

massater

occipitalis

occipitalis

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oculi

suboccipital group

suboccipital group

trapezius

trapezius

Ear and chin joint pain

Ear and chin joint pain

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

massater

massater

lateral pterygoid

lateral pterygoid

trapezius

trapezius

buccinator

buccinator

Platysma

Platysma

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oculi

zygomataticus major

zygomataticus major

digastric

digastric

medial pterygoid

medial pterygoid

Tooth pain

Tooth pain

temporalis

temporalis

massater

massater

digastric

digastric

Back of neck

Back of neck

Trapezius

Trapezius

multifidi

multifidi

levator scapulae

levator scapulae

splenius cervicsis

splenius cervicsis

Front of neck

Front of neck

sternocleidomastoid

sternocleidomastoid

digastric

digastric

medial pterygoid

medial pterygoid

(12)

Trapezius

Trapezius

Use Stick and tennis ball against the wall.

Use Stick and tennis ball against the wall.

Picture:

Picture:

For trigger points, lower down in the

For trigger points, lower down in the trapezius, lye down in the floor and use

trapezius, lye down in the floor and use

tennis ball and use it

tennis ball and use it to apply the pressure and fi

to apply the pressure and find the right spots.

nd the right spots.

picture:

picture:

(13)

Sternocleidomastoid

Just grab the muscle like in I am doing, bend the head to the side you are

pinching the muscle to give it some slack and make it easier to grab.

Just go trough the whole muscle pinch gripping it and find the trigger points.

The muscle two branches on top of each others, you can see them divide in the

lower attachment point.

(14)

Temporalis

Use your knuckles or some hard tool to locate temporal trigger points.

But go easy on them.

(15)

massater

I find it helpful to press little towards ears to hit the muscle in right direction.

(16)

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Cervcis

(17)

Semispinalis Capitis

(18)

multifidi , rotatores

Tennis ball is too big to hit the trigger points but some tool that is smaller

works fine.

Be little extra careful when applying pressure near vertebrae, use common

sense.

To be extra cautious use tool with your hands not against floor or

(19)

It refers pain to the teeth near the muscle

Use your fingers for pressure

(20)

The x is the trigger point spot and grey areas on both side it the referred pain

areas.

use fingers to locate and hit the spot.

Medial pterygoid

To reach this muscle you need to press it from below your chin.

It is on the x spot

(21)

No it’s not the Frankenstein’s bride wearing an eye patch, even thou it kind of 

a looks like it.

The pain pattern is the grey shadow that seems to sculpt the nose and the

trigger point is the small x just in the eye brow line or little below, like it is in

this case.

Just track down the bones around the eye looking for tender points.

The black patch describes the muscle

.

(22)

Indian war painting, or maybe not.

(23)

digastric

Again you need to venture to the underneath of the chin.

(24)

frontalis

occipital

Move your eyebrows and try to wiggle your ear can you feel the occipital

muscle in the back of your head.

Fingers, knuckles or a tool there aren’t any rules.

suboccipitalis

(25)
(26)

Index II

Upper back pain

Scaleni

levatorscapulae

trapezius

multifidi

splenius cervicis

supraspinatus

rhombodei

triceps brachii

biceps brachii

Back of shoulder

deltoid

levator scapulae

supraspinatus

teres major

teres minor

subscapularis

serratus posterior superior

triceps brachii

trapezius

scaleni

lats

erector spinae

Shoulder front

infraspinatus

deltoid

scaleni

supraspinatus

pectoralis major

pectoralis minor

biceps brachii

coracobrachialis

sternalis

subclavius

latissimus dorsi

Back of upper arm

scaleni

teres major

triceps brachii

deltoid

subscapularis

supraspinatus

teres minor

latissimus dorsi

serratus posterior superioir

coracobrachialis

scalenus minimus

scaleni

biceps brachii

triceps brachii

subclavius

supraspinatus

sternalis

infraspinatus

Deltoid

brachialis

latissimus

dorsi

(27)

scalanes

Locate your collar bone use your fingers o pull to the collar bone.

(28)

trapezius

Tennis ball or similar tool against the floor is the way to go, just lye on it and

move it to the tenderest spots and hold for awhile.

(29)

Levator Scapulae

Tennis ball or similar tool against the floor is the way to go, just lye on it and

move it to the tenderest spots and hold for awhile.

(30)

Latissimus Dorsi

Tennis ball or similar tool against the floor is the way to go, just lye on it and

move it to the tenderest spots and hold for awhile.

(31)

Rhomboid

Tennis ball or similar tool against the floor is the way to go, just lye on it and

move it to the tenderest spots and hold for awhile.

(32)

supraspinatus

Stick as a tool is great to reach this, tennis ball on the floor can

work also.

infraspinatus

Tennis ball or similar tool against the floor is the way to go, just lye on it and

move it to the tenderest spots and hold for awhile.

(33)

Teres Minor

(34)

Subscapularis

(35)
(36)

Triceps

(37)
(38)

Index III

Middle back pain

spinae erectors

multifidi rotatores

rectus abdomis

serratus anterior

serratus posterior inferior

latissimus dorsi

intercostals

Low er back pain

gluteus medius

gluteus maximus

gluteus minimus

psoas

multifidi rotators (syvät

elkälihakset)

spinae erectors

(

pinnalliset selkälihakset)

quadratus lumborum

rectus abdomis

obiliques

hamstrings

soleus

Buttock/ sacral pain

quadratus lumborum

erector spinae

gluteus minimus

gluteus medius

gluteus maximus

piriformis

hamstring

soleus

Hip pain

quadreceps vastus lateralis

gluteus minimus

gluteus maximus.

piriformis

quadratus lumborum

tensor fasciae latae

(39)
(40)

Gluteus medius

(41)

piriformis

(42)

Spinae erectors & multifidi ja rotatores

(43)

liopsoas

(44)
(45)
(46)

Index IV

Chest p ain

pectorals

scalenes

sternocleidomastoid

sternalis

intercostals

superficial spinal muscles

subclavius

rectus abdomis

diaphgram

Side pain

serratus anterior

abdominal obiliques

intercostals

latissimus dorsidiaphgram

Abdominal pain

rectus abdomis

abdominal obliques

superficial spinal muscles

deep spinal muscles

quadratus lumborum

Groin pain

Rectus abdomis

Abdominal obiliques

intrapelvic muscles

adductor magnus

psoas

piriformis

(47)
(48)

Serratus anterior

(49)

Rectus abdomis

(50)
(51)

Index V

Groin P ain

pectineus

abductor longus

abductor magnus

rectus abdominis

abdominal obiliques

psoap intrapelvi muscles

Hip pain

gluteus minimus

vastus lateralis

piriformis

qiadratus lumborum

tensor fasciae latae

vastus intermedialis

gluteus maximus

Front thigh pain

Abductor longus

psoas

abducto magnus

vastus intermedialis

pectineus

sartorius

quadratus lumborum

rectus abdominis

Front of knee

rectus femoris

vastus medialis

abductor longus

I nner knee

vastus medialis

gracilis

rectus femoris

sartorius

adductor longus

Outer knee

vastus lateralis

Back of thigh

gluteus minimus

semitendinosus

biceps femoris

piriformis

intrapelvi muscles

I nner thigh

pectineus

vastus medialis

grazilis

adductor magnus

Back of knee

gastrocnemius

biceps femoris

popliteus

semiteninosus

semimembranus

soleus

plantaris

(52)
(53)
(54)

Rectus femoris

(55)
(56)
(57)

Abductor magnus

(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)

Index VI

Front of leg

Tibialis anterior

adductor longus

Front of foot

tibialis anterior

peroneus tertius

extensor digitorum longus

Back of leg

Soleus

gluteus minimus

gastronomicus

semitendinosus

semimembranus

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

Plantaris

Side of leg

Gastrocnemius

gluteus minimus

peroneus longus

peroneus brevis

vastus lateralis

inner ankle

Abductor hallucis

flexor digitorum lonngus

outer ankle

peroneus longus

peroneus brevis

peroneus tertius

abductoe digiti minimi

back of ankle

soleus

(62)

tibialis anterior

(63)

peroneus longus

&

Peroneus brevis

(64)
(65)

soleus

(66)
(67)
(68)

Index VII

Top of foot

extensor digitorum brevis

extensor hallucis brevis

extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallucis longus

flexor hallucis brevis

interosseus

tibialis anterior

Big toe

to p

tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

flexor hallucis brevis

under

flexor hallucis longus

flexor hallucis brevis

tibialis posterior

Other toes

to p

interosseus

extensor digitorum longus

under

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

Bottom of the foot Front

flexor hallucis brevis

flexor digitorum brevis

adductor hallucis

flexor hallucis longus

interosseus

abductor digiti minimi

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

flexor digigti minimi brevis

Bottom of the foot

middle

gastrocnemius

flexor digitorum longus

adductor hallucis

soleus

interoseus

tibislis posterior

Heel pain

soleus quadratus palnatae

abductor hallucis

tibialis posterior

(69)

Extensor digitorum brevis & extensor hallucis brevis

introsseus

(70)

abductor digiti minimi

flexor digitorum brevis

(71)

Abductor hallucis & flexor hallucis brevi

(72)
(73)

Index VIII

Elbow

supinator

brachioradialis

extensor

anconeus

triceps brachii

supraspinatus

pectoralis major

serratus anterior

serratus pos terior superior

Outer elbow

trticeps

scalanes

extensors

brachioradialis

brachialis

flexors

infraspinatus

teres major

cocabrachialis

supraspinatus

subclavius

I nner elbow pain

palmaris longus

pronator teres

serratus anterior

triceps brachii

latissimus dorsi

pectoralis major

serratus posterioer superior

W rist outer arm

extensors

subsscapulari

sascalenes

latissimus dorsi

serratus posterior superior

coracobrachialis

W rist inner hand pain

flexors

palmaris longus

pronator teres

opopnens pollicis

pectorals

latissimus dorsi

serratus anterior

I nner finger pain

flexores digitorum

superficialis and profundu s

introssei abductor digiti

minimi

lats

serratus

subclavius

Top of finger pain

extensor digitorum

introssei

scalene

abductor digiti mininimi

pectorals

(74)

lats

subclavius

Thumb pain

supinator

scalene brachialis

brachioradialis

opponenns pollicis

abductor pollicis

extensor carpi radialis longus

first dorsal introsseus

flexor pollicis longus

subclavius

infraspinatus

brachialis

(75)

extensor carpi radialis longus

(76)

supinator

(77)

extensor carpi ulnaris

(78)

extensor digitorum

(79)

flexor carpi radialis

(80)

palmaris longus

(81)

pronator teres & pronator quadratus

(82)

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