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Toward coupled data assimilation in NASA’s GEOS:

Developments in the ocean context

Rahul Mahajan

1

, Ron Gelaro

1

, Guillaume Vernieres

2

, Travis Sluka

2

1

NASA/GMAO

2

JCSDA/UCAR

Eighth AMS Symposium on the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation; 100th AMS Annual Meeting,

Boston, Massachusetts, 14 January, 2020

(2)

GEOS Unified CDAS

JEDI-based

MERRA-2

Ocean Product

NWP

Reanalysis

S2S Prediction

New Convection

EnKF SPPT

New LSM

2019

S2S v2

MOM5 0.5

o

L40

CICE4

UMD LETKF

2017

S2S v3

MOM5 0.25

o

L50

Salinity

2020

Hybrid 4D-EnVar

13-km L72

Aerosols

AO Skin SST

2017

S2S v4

GEOS+JEDI

2022

2018

GMI All-Sky Radiances

Updated Radiation

JEDI ODAS

MOM6 L72

Hybrid EnVar

2020

2024

132 Levels

New Microphysics

Added All-Sky MW

2020

9-km Grid

Nonhydrostatic

(3)

IAU

Atmosphere

Data Atmo

Ocean

Chem

Turb

GWD

Moist

GoCart

GoC Data

MAM

CARMA

CAP

GCS

Ext Data

History

GCM

Analysis

Atm Ana

Ocn Ana

Data Ocn

MOM

CICE

Data Ice

ORad

OBio

Wave

Dynamics

Physics

FV

FV3Per

FV3

DataDyn

Aries

ECCOH

TR

AChem

GAAS

GMI

StrChem

GeosChem

PChem

GEOS Earth System Model

RAD

SW

LW

Sfc

Lake

Land

Salt

LandIce

Veg

Catch

A configurable system that

leverages the hierarchical

nature of the Earth System

Modeling Framework

(4)

IAU

Atmosphere

Ocean

Chem

Turb

GWD

Moist

GoCart

CAP

GCM

Analysis

Atm Ana

Data Ocn

Data Ice

Dynamics

Physics

FV3

GAAS

PChem

RAD

SW

LW

Sfc

Lake

Land

Salt

LandIce

Veg

Catch

GEOS

NWP

● Atmos GCM

● Atmos H4D-EnVar

● Data Ocean

● Aerosol DA

GCS

(5)

IAU

Atmosphere

Ocean

Chem

Turb

GWD

Moist

GoCart

CAP

GCM

Analysis

Dynamics

Physics

FV3

PChem

RAD

SW

LW

Sfc

Lake

Land

Salt

LandIce

Veg

Catch

Ocn Ana

MOM5

CICE

TR

GEOS

S2S

● Coupled GCM

● Ocean LETKF

● Atmos Replay

● Aerosol Transport

GCS

(6)

GEOS

Disparate data

assimilation

systems

Up to now GMAO’s data assimilation systems have been developed for individual GEOS

components as disparate entities.

GEOS+JEDI

Generic data

assimilation

algorithms

Atmosphere

Aerosol

Constituent

Ocean

Land

Sea

Ice

Atmosphere

H4DEnVar

Aerosol

PSAS

Constituent

3DVar

Ocean

LETKF

Land

EnKF

Sea

Ice

(7)

Data Atmo

Ocean

CAP

GCM

JEDI

MOM6

GEOS

+JEDI ODAS

● Ocean GCM

● JEDI DA

● Data Atmos

Ocn Ana

GCS

(8)

Not a toy system...

GFDL MOM6 at 1

o

L72

Full suite of observations

24-h assimilation window

JEDI-SOCA 3D-Var

Balance operators for variable transforms

Vertical correlations parameterized based

on model mixed layer depth

Horizontal correlations using B-Matrix on

an Unstructured Mesh Package (BUMP)

1 Nov 2015 – 30 April 2016

Experimental setup

Also...

Two sets of atmospheric forcings:

CFSR

MERRA-2

Two sets of observations:

NCEPobs (HGODAS)

GMAOobs (GEOS S2S)

(9)

Salinity

SMAP

Altimetry

Jason-2/-3, Sentinel-3a, Cryosat-2, SARAL

SST (IR)

AVHRR (Metop-A, NOAA 19) VIIRS (SNPP)

SST (MW)

GMI, AMSR-2, WindSat

486,923

337,773

458,886

93,157

240,017

1,616,756

SST (IR)

SST (MW)

Salinity

Ice Fraction

Altimetry

(10)

CFSR / NCEPobs

CFSR / GMAOobs

MERRA2 / NCEPobs

MERRA2 / GMAOobs

Days

ADT rms departures

O-F

O-A

Assimilation sanity check

(11)

Departure differences between MERRA2 / NCEPobs and CFSR / NCEPobs

Atmospheric forcing effects

Difference in SST rms O-F

Difference in SST rms O-A

Red shades imply MERRA2 forcing drives the SST away from the observations compared with CFSR

forcing, which is reduced somewhat after the assimilation.

(12)

Departure differences between MERRA2 / GMAOobs and CFSR / GMAOobs

Atmospheric forcing effects

Difference in Temp rms O-F

Difference in Salinity rms O-F

Temperature error with MERRA2 forcing grows with time and shows some deepening; Salinity error shows

no obvious trend.

D

ep

th

(

m

)

Days

Days

K

PSU

(13)
(14)

o

A key component of JEDI is the Unified Forward Operator (UFO), which introduces standard

interfaces for observation operators that link the model and observation worlds.

o

The UFO accommodates the assimilation of observations for coupled or uncoupled models in

an analogous (unified) manner

.

Uncoupled Ocean Only

SST

o

Observation

Operator

Observation

SST

o

Model

State

MOM6

SST

SST

i,j

Simulated

Observation

Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere

TB

o

Observation

Operator

Observation

TB

o

SST,

T,q

Simulated

Observation

Model

State

MOM6

Model

State

FV3

SST

T

i,j

i,j,k

,q

i,j,k

GEOS

Future work

References

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