Name ______________________________________________ Chapter 16: Political Revolutions in Europe and the Americas Political Revolution
What is a political revolution?
What are 3 commonalities of the English, French, and American Revolution?
How do political revolutions (between 1688 and 1789) change the fundamental basis of governments? (9 items)
Define:
divine right of kings
creole
mestizo
Human Rights in the Age of Enlightenment
Describe John Locke and his Second Treatise on Government
What is the key concern for governments according to Locke?
According to Hobbes, how was economic productivity achieved?
What is Locke’s view of private ownership?
How is Locke criticized today?
Intellectual Revolutions in Science and Philosophy How was thinking changing?
What occurred in the 17th century regarding science?
Define empiricism
Who was Nicholas Copernicus, what was he commissioned for, and by whom?
What did Copernicus do? (be specific)
Who was Tycho Brahe? What did he do?
Who was Johannes Kepler? What did he do?
What radical notion was attacked by religious leaders?
What did Galileo Galilei do?
What happened to him? (be specific)
Describe the accomplishments of Isaac Newton and Goddfried Wilhelm Leibnitz.
What major finding did Newton observe and show? Why is this significant?
England’s Glorious Revolution, 1688
What did Charles I do without sanction that caused the Revolutions?
What was the result? Who became the leader?
What did the civil war establish?
Bill of Rights, 1689
What did the nobles do? What was the result?
What occurred in 1688? Describe what unfolded.
Describe the Bill of Rights.
Describe the Reform Acts of 1832, 1867, and 1884.
The Philosophes and the Enlightenment in the 18th Century
Define philosophes.
How did they influence and American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
What were the philosophes’ religion and describe it?
Who was Baron de Montesquieu and what did he do?
What did they argue regarding human progress?
What did Denis Diderot do? What did he call for?
Define enlightened despotism.
Who were the enlightened despots? What did they do?
Who was Rousseau and what did he promote?
Who was Adam Smith? What did he promote?
Revolution in North America, 1776
Why were North American settlers resent the British?
What was the Seven Years War?
The Constitution and Bill of Rights, 1789 What did the Constitution create?
How was the Bill of Rights different than that of England?
What were the 4 radical factors to the American approach to political liberty? Describe them in detail.
The First Anti-Imperial Revolution Summarize this section.
The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789 – 1812
Differentiate between and American and French Revolutions.
Origins of the Revolution
How was the French Revolution triggered?
What groups made up the Estates General?
The Revolt of the Third Estate What did the nobles want?
What did the Third Estate resent?
Describe the Oath of the Tennis Court.
Revolt of the Poor
What happened as a result of the food shortage? (be specific)
List 6 articles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
What did the Declaration further affirm?
What was the “March of the Women?” Describe it and why did it occur?
What did the National Assembly draw up and what did it include?
Who was admitted full citizenship?
International War, the “Second” Revolution, and the Terror, 1791-99 What happened in June of 1791?
What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
Define: Jacobins
Girondins
Montagnards
Sansculottes
Describe the Reign of Terror. What was this all about?
What did the Committee campaign against?
Who was the leader of the Committee?
What happened to the leader of the Committee?
Who was called upon to protect the election process?
Napoleon in Power, 1799-1812 What did Napoleon do?
How did he change work?
Define concordat.
How did he earn his power?
The Napoleonic Wars & the Spread of Revolution, 1799-1812 What did Napoleon introduce to areas he conquered?
What brought his rule to an end? (describe in detail)
Define balance of power.
Haiti: Slave Revolution and the Overthrow of Colonialism What happened when the slaves revolted?
Describe the population of Haiti in 1791.
Define: Mulatto
Vodoun
Maroonage
The Slave Revolt
What inspired the revolt?
When did the French outlaw slavery? Who was the leader of the revolt?
What did Napoleon try to do in 1799? Was he successful?
What occurred on January 1, 1804? Why is this unique?
Abolition of Slavery and the Slave Revolt How did Britain react to the slave revolt?
When did the US abolish the international slave trade? How long did slavery remain in the US?
When was slavery abolished in Puerto Rico? Cuba? Brazil?
Independence Movements Summarize.
After Independence What did Bolivar do?
What happened to Bolivar?
What did Bolivar hope for?
Mexico Summarize
Brazil Summarize
Paraguay Summarize
Define neo-colonialism
Political Revolutions: What Difference Do They Make? Summarize
Review Question:
What were the characteristics of the Democratic Revolutions?
