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Available online at www.ijiere.com
International Journal of Innovative and Emerging
Research in Engineering
e-ISSN: 2394 - 3343 p-ISSN: 2394 - 5494
ANDROID BASED SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION
MOTOR
Abhijit Mule
aaB.tech, Dept of Electrical Engineering, Dr .B.A.T.U, Lonere , Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT:
The project designed to control the speed of induction motor such as fan using android based smart phone. In home automatic related application, the convenience of remotely controlling the speed of fan can be achieved.
Android mobile act as a transmitter and the transmitted signal is received by Bluetooth receiver interfaced to microcontroller 8051. Each time data is sent by android application as per code written and is executed by microcontroller to deliver supply signal to TRIAC through optical isolation. Hence the power to load connected in series with TRIAC is controlled based on received signal and speed control of induction motor is achieved. In this design, feedback is also provided to the host. Speed counter is connected at the load i.e. at induction motor so that the speed can be displayed to the user. The prototype is developed and results are observed. Keywords: Induction Motor, Microcontroller, Bluetooth, KEIL software etc.
I. INTRODUCTION
For the improvement of quality product, many industrial application requires adjustable speed and constant speed due to rapid advance in automation and process control. In recent technology, various alternate techniques are available for the selection of speed drive system. Up to the 1980’s the dc motor was the choice for variable speed drive application. In past few years there has been a great demand in industry for adjustable speed drives. Fan, pump, Compressors, domestic applications and paper machines etc. In this area DC motor was very popular but having many disadvantages. So the microcontroller transformed research and development toward control of ac drive. When the three phase supply is not available for domestic and commercial application, there we are using single phase induction motor which is one of the most widely used type of low power motor in the world. There are various methods for controlling the speed of AC motors. One of the method is to vary frequency and voltage of motor. One very nice example is fan regulator in which a fan motor is an AC motor used and its speed is varied using TRIAC method. In our project, the speed of induction motor is controlled with the help of android application that comes under wireless technology. Android application use here as a transmitter and remote control in order control the speed of induction motor with the help of Bluetooth as a receiver. The speed of the motor is counted with the help of a speed counter and it is displayed to the user.
II. SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
127 Single phase induction motors are used in many domestic electrical appliances like in ceiling fans, pumps, washing machines, etc. It may be necessary to change the speed of motors used. By varying the voltage applied to the motor, the speed can be changed. In earlier days a variable resistance was connected in series with the motor in which a portion of the input voltage was dropped in the resistance and the remaining voltage was made available across the motor. The speed of the motor and torque developed was convenient but a good amount of power was lost in the variable resistance and hence the method was not efficient. Resistance controllers as for example, used in controlling speed of fans, are gradually being replaced by solid state controllers. The method of providing reduced voltage across the motor electronically; and a simple controller for a fan motor are explained as follows: A TRIAC can be used to control the voltage in both positive and negative half cycles. This can be done by changing the firing angle. If the firing angle is changed, the voltage across the motor will change causing change in the speed of the motor[4].
Series field Motor
TRIAC
Firing Circuit
AC
Figure 1. Speed control of single phase induction motor using TRIAC[1]
IV.SYSTEMARCHITECTURE
128
POWER SUPPLY MODULE
We are using 8051 microcontroller (89C51) that require 5v input so we are designing power supply module for 5V. Here we are using step down transformer which gives 12v output. We are using IC7805 that gives 5v at the output. This 5v applied to the 8051 microcontroller[2].
1) Transformer-
A 230V-12V step down transformer is used to provide 12V AC supply with maximum of 500mA current. Rated power of this transformer is 6VA.
2) Rectifier-
A bridge rectifier is used to convert 12V AC into 12V DC.
3) Filter Capacitor-
A filter capacitor of 1000 µF is used to remove undesired ac signals from output. Filter capacitor is used in order to remove ripples from the pulsating DC and convert it to unregulated DC.
4) Voltage Regulator-
Voltage regulator is used after the filter capacitor so as to generate constant DC voltage supply of 5 volts. We have used IC7805 as voltage regulator. It is a three pin IC which are namely input, ground and output. We have to give output of filter capacitor to the input of regulator, and we get 5 volts supply at the output pin of the regulator.
MICRO-CONTROLLER
We are going to use ATMEL AT89C51.The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4KBytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM)[2].
LCD DISPLAY
We are using LCD display for displaying various messages. We can display command received by Bluetooth. We are going to use 16 × 2 alphanumeric LCD having inbuilt LCD drivers. Pin no 1 of LCD is ground pin. Pin no 2 is Vcc. Pin no. 3 of LCD is used for varying contrast and brightness. Bluetooth Module -It consists of Bluetooth decoder. It gives ASCII code output. This receiver enables wireless transmission & reception of serial data. It has 10 meters range.
INDUCTION MOTOR
We are using RAXON AC Motor as load. It is having rating of 230V AC, 50/60 Hz, 0.29 A and power rating of 35 watts. The rated speed of the motor is 3000 rpm[4].
SPEED COUNTER
A speed counter is connected at the load side to count the speed of the motor. This counter consist if a transmitter and receiver which are connected to a comparator LM324. The transmitter and receiver are so arranged that when the fan blade passes between them it disconnects the connection between the two for some period[2].
129 VI. RESULT
1) SPEED AT 26% OF THE DELAY ANGLE:
From above picture, we can see that the speed of the AC motor is about 21 RPS (Revolutions per Second) i.e. 1260 RPM (Revolutions per Minute) at 26% of the delay angle.
3)SPEED AT 100% OF THE DELAY ANGLE:
130
VII. CONCLUSIONS
The demand for wireless operating device is increasing day by day and it is more preferable over wired devices. Here we are controlling speed of induction motor using Bluetooth and android application wirelessly. The speed of the induction motor i.e. the output AC power to the motor is controlled by ‘Firing angle control method’ using TRIAC[1]. The basic embedded C programing and android developing has been studied for the project.The objective of the project has been achieved which has been developing the hardware and software for controlling speed of inductionmotor using android application. The prototype is developed with necessary testing and results are observed. From the observations of the obtained results, we can conclude that the prototype which has been developed meets the desired requirements
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REFERENCES
[1] Muhammad H. Rashid: “Power Electronics Circuits, Devices & Application” PHI, New Delhi, 2001.
[2] Salivahanan, S.Suresh, N., and Vallavaraj, A. “Electronic Devices and Circuit”, Fourth Edition, Tada Seventh Edition, 2000, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[3] Trupti S Bobade, Anushri S. sastikar, Anushri S. Garud, U. W. Kaware, R. K. Dehankar, “Induction Motor Speed Control Using Android Application”, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 3, Issue 2, Part 2, March-April, 2015.
