Module #7 Exam The Industrial Revolution Lesson #1: The Beginnings of Industrialization
Matching:
a. enclosure d. factors of production b. crop rotation e. industrialization c. factory
_____ 1. The resources needed, such as land, labor, and capital to produce goods and services.
_____ 2. Textile merchants set up the machines in large buildings near rivers and streams.
_____ 3. The system of diversifying harvesting each year in order to preserve the fertility of the land.
_____ 4. Wealthy landowners who bought up village lands to cultivate larger fields for harvesting.
_____ 5. Process of developing machine production of goods that required many natural resources.
Multiple Choice:
6. Which statement accurately describes Great Britain throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
a. The country endured continuous political turmoil, disrupting industrial development.
b. The country was under constant threat of invasion that diverted resources to the military.
c. The government was relatively stable, and this security promoted business development.
d. The monarchy financed industrial development and encouraged the creation of new inventions.
7. How did the agricultural revolution directly affect industrialization in Great Britain?
a. With greater crop yields, the government could support larger armies.
b. With fewer farmers working the land, the rural population could move to cities.
c. By enclosing fields, landholders could experiment with new farming techniques.
d. By using four-crop rotation system, nutrients in the soil could be replaced faster.
8. Which invention by the American inventor Eli Whitney allowed agricultural production to increase significantly in the American South and fueled the British textile industry.
a. cotton gin c. flying shuttle
b. water frame d. spinning jenny
9. Matthew Boulton invested in the development of the steam engine by _____________, which revolutionized transportation and industrialization.
a. Richard Arkwright c. James Watt
b. Henry Bessemer d. John Kay
10. Which business first made use of the locomotive train?
a. mining c. timber
b. textiles d. tourism
11. How did the Liverpool-Manchester Railroad that opened for business in 1830 differ from
previous railroads?
a. It brought coal from the Yorkshire mines to a steel factory.
b. It transported paying citizens in passenger cars between cities.
c. It linked southern England with the northern half of the country.
d. It transported agricultural products from the countryside to major cities.
Lesson #2: Industrialization
Multiple Choice:
12. How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of middle-class British women?
a. They began to receive the same wages as men.
b. They entered the workforce as domestic servants.
c. They began to attend college to train for careers as teachers.
d. They became isolated from their families working long hours in factories.
13. Why were children often employed in the British mining industry?
a. They were paid less money than adult male miners.
b. They were less likely to be members of mining unions.
c. They were less likely to complain about working conditions.
d. They were able to crawl through small areas to access coal deposits.
14. Which groups joined the upper class as a result of the British Industrial Revolution?
a. doctors and lawyers b. toolmakers and printers c. factory owners and bankers
d. government employees and bankers
15. Why did Manchester grow quickly as a manufacturing town?
a. It has a major river flowing through the town, providing water power for factories.
b. It is a major port, allowing raw materials to be easily transported to their factories.
c. It had a supply of skilled workers due to its history as a weapons manufacturing town.
d. It was a center of finance that encouraged investment in the creation of new homes.
16. Which group remained in the lower class of British society despite the wealth generated from the Industrial Revolution?
a. shop owners c. factory managers b. textile workers d. mechanical drafters
17. What did the Factory Act of 1819 try to eliminate from Manchester’s industries?
a. restricted women working in mining industries.
b. restricted men working in textile industries, c. restricted working age and hours for children.
d. restricted the use of coal in each factory to reduce air pollution.
Lesson #3: Industrialization Spreads Matching:
a. mass production d. interchangeable parts b. division of labor e. economic interdependence c. specialization
_____ 18. When different workers do different tasks..
_____ 19. The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items.
_____ 20. A situation where people rely on others to provide the goods and services they need.
_____ 21. An economic concept that refers to separating tasks in which people in a factory or company work at one kind of job and learn to do it well.
_____ 22. Identical machine-made parts, the use of which made factory work more efficient.
Multiple Choice:
23. Which aspect of mass production allows a broken machine to be fixed quickly using an identical item?
a. specialization c. division of labor
b. assembly line d. interchangeable parts.
24. Which countries lagged far behind in industrial development because of their geography?
a. France and United States b. Belgium and Great Britain c. Austria-Hungary and Spain d. Germany and Piedmont-Sardinia
25. Why did Germany industrialize at a later date than Great Britain or the United States?
a. Germany lacked sufficient coal and iron deposits.
b. Germany had a small population that lived in rural areas.
c. Germany was politically separated into many smaller states.
d. Germany relied on canals instead of railroads to transport raw materials.
26. Which statement accurately describes the effect of imperialism during the 19th century?
a. International competition for colonial markets increased.
b. Less-developed nations in Asia and Africa became industrialized.
c. Economic inequality between industrial and agricultural countries narrowed.
d. Less-developed nations in Asia and Africa became wealthy from selling raw materials.
27. How did the Rhode Island system differ from other mill towns?
a. Children were prohibited from working in the mill towns.
b. Only adult males were allowed to work dangerous tasks,
c. Only young women were allowed to work the textile machines.
d. Entire families were hired to work in the mill towns.
Lesson #4: Reforming the Industrial World Multiple Choice:
28. Which theory states that laws should be ignored and governments should be eliminated?
a. anarchism c. communism
b. capitalism d. socialism
29. According to supporters of utilitarianism, which of the following is a good government?
a. one that allows the state to regulate all business activities b. one that creates policies benefiting the greatest number of people
c. one that allows market forces to dictate the standard of living for its citizens d. one that creates utopian communities where people share the rewards of their labor.
30. How are socialism and communism similar?
a. Both believe that governments should be overthrown.
b. Both believe that workers should control the government.
c. Both believe that there should be no upper, middle, or lower classes.
d. Both believe that capitalism causes poor working and living conditions.
31. With which statement would Thomas Malthus agree?
a. The purpose of good government is to protect civil liberties.
b. Governments have a duty to ensure that there is full employment.
c. The best government is one ruled by a king who cares for his subjects.
d. Governments should refrain from feeding their citizens in times of famine.
32. British abolitionists were led by ____________________, a member of Parliament who lived to see slavery abolished throughout the British Empire in 1833.
a. Jane Adams c. Karl Marx
b. William Wilberforce d. Walter Crane
Multiple Responses:
33. The British Industrial Revolution had many positive and negative effects. Write the letter of each development in the table to indicate whether it was a positive or negative effect of the Industrial Revolution.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution
A. increase in wages D. contaminated water supplies
B. greater social mobility E. overcrowded urban centers C. increase in child labor F. improvements in transportation
34. The three major economic theories of the Industrial Revolution have many differences. Place an
“X” in the table to show which theory is being described.
Capitalism Communism Socialism
Society has no class distinctions.
Laws should protect the rights of workers.
Government owns the means of production.
Businesses are privately owned by individuals.
Competition determines the price of a product.
Wealth is distributed equally among all the citizens.
Businesses should not be regulated by the government.
35. Which of the following are results from the development of British railroads? Choose the three correct answers.
A. created thousands of mining jobs B. improved living conditions for the poor
C. lowered the cost of transporting goods D. encouraged people to travel for leisure E. increased the size of the rural population F. allowed for soldiers to travel to battlefields faster
