!
"!
#$
% #$#
!
&
'
! '
!
(
&& )
!
!
!
&
#
)
*
+
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
, )
!
$-.!
!
&
&
& )
!
&
!
!
#.!
& )
!
$
#$!
/ & )
!
! !
0
!
& )
!
$ !
.!
!
0
$!
#
!
& )
!
$
1
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
!
2!
!$
!
, )
!
$#
3 & )
!
&
.!
!
#$!
!
3 !
&
! #
!
!
3 !
#
&
!
' !
&!
4! !
3
#
'
'
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
%$
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
%$
0
(
%
(% 3
!
'
!
'
#
& !
4 #
!
!
!
&
&!
40% 3 !
! !
#
#
0
$
&!
# #
#
(%
!
3
*
!
&
!
6
#
4 #
4 #
4 #
!
7
!
!
!
8
&
&
9
40%
# !
:
&
&*
#
#!#
;
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
4 # -
7
"&
&!
%
4
#
#
#
#
)
$
!
4
#
!
!
!!
&
!
!
!
& )
!
$#
,
%
&
&!
$
!
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
8
&
&7 &
! 4
!
3
## $ &
! #
# !
'
$
(%
&
&!!
!$
<2
! '
#
&
&
#
! #
)
$#
&
&!!
!$
3
## $
!
&
&
3
## $
!
#&
3
## $
&
&
*!
!
!
)
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
8
&
&7 &
! 4
!
3
## $
&
&!
#
!
! & $!
3
## $
&
&
!
!
#&
!
3
#
&
&
&
3
&
&
&
!
#
!
!
#
3
!
#
&
!
&
&
!
!
!
!
!
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
8
&
&%
=
2
&8
&
&
--
$
-
$
+
7
=
#
!
$
!
!
!
$
- !
#
&
&!
$ #
#!
&
&
&! !
!
=
#
&
#
-
! !!
&
!'
! !
' #
$
2 %% $
=4 ' >
#
)
!
&
#
(%
1
0$
&7
!
=
$
#
& #! &
(%
!
!
!
'# !
!
) !
&!
!
.
!
#
! &
&
!
(%
.
!
!
!
#
!
!
/
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
0 &
&!"
2
$
'
# !
)
#
& #!#
!
2
!!'
&
#
!
!$
#
,
!
!$
?
#!#
?
@
3
# !
$
?
A
3 # !
$
5
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
( !
%$
7 &
!
B
7 ## $
!
)
# !
C
!
!$
!
!
#
## $ &
# !
C
$
C
!
!$
!
!
$
C
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
0 &
&!2
$
?
$
D
λ Emean rate of calls attempted per unit time
E
mean holding time per successful call
A = average number of calls arriving during
average holding period, for normalized λ
h
A
=
λ
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
,!
=
&
0 &
&!4
4
! # !
!
?
!
$
? = 3 # !
!
)
&
!
( !
!
.!
?
!
!
?
3
#&
?
!
? 8 3
$
!
#
& &
&!
!
;
,
F
! 4 # 7
% !
47%
2
!'
/ 48 #
!
47%
&
&
#
#
&
&
#
#
"! #
!
!
, )
!
$
*
47%
% #!#
! #$ $
#
$
40% &
#
40%
> !
!
!
&
&!!
40%
!
$
7 $
G40%
#
!!
#
&
"
$
G40%
!! '
&
!
'!
#
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
=&
&
! (
,
%!
F
%$
=
&
&!!
3 &
$
$
G !
$
" !$
3
!
$
!$
"
!
!
!
3
!
&
&!
&
!
!
!
'
!
!
!
!
!
3
!
$
!
# $
! $
#$
#
&
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
4 #
0=4 =
#
&
! !
#
&
0=4 &
D9
4 *
!
-D+/
, )
!
$
D
;
48
4 *
!
H
D/
:
4 *
!
$
D
*
<
4 *
$
∆ D µ
(
D
*
!
8
/ 8
!
%
=
&0=4
0
+
F%4
!
!
1
/
4 # %
4 #
!
!
!
&!
&!
#
!
!
#
4 #
)
4" 3
$ !
' !
7 %
4" !
! '
!
#!#
$
%2
4
F%4
#!#
!
%2
4
%2
4
'
!
$
#!#
!
5
(
%
% #$
(%%
(%%!
&#
!
#
!
(0%
"! (0% &
!
2!
'
!
#
!
(%
(%
& )
! '
&
& &
#
&
!
(%%'
!
6
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
% #$
%
%
#
!
#!
!
!
!
&
&#
!
&
&
(%%
!
!
!
" #
&
#
& %
#
!
!
4%
9
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
4 # % !
4%
=
#
8
!
8?-
#
3
&
#
!
#!#
#
H
!
H?-
#
3
&
#
#!#
!
$ $ ! $
!
!
#
3
&
!
!
'
!$
$
")
$
#
"2
- 3
! &
$
& )
*
#
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
0=4 ,
3 0
%
,
0
# 3
$!
&
&
#
" !$
# 3
!$
ata
%
#
!
# ! !
I
I
0
)
! 3
& !
!
!
!
!
%
!
!
&
F%4%
! %
7 !
!
!
+
+
7
!
7
!
#
$
&
F%4
!
!
!
!&!& !
D
-
!
4 # $
!
4 #
!
4 7
(0%
++
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
& =4
, )
!
$
$3 & )
!
$
&
&!
4
! 3 !
!
&
=4
* #
!
!
!
7 !
$3
!
$
!
!
#
#$
&
F !&
3 $
$
$
!
!
$
+1
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
=
#!
& =4
% &.
3
&
!
#
&!$ $!
&
#
3
!
!
!
&
$
%&
&
&3
)
#
!
)
! #&
)
G
!
*
&
&
,=4
0=4
!
+/
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
4 #
=4 =
- J" ! 3
&
!
'- J" !
!
&
! #
0
! #
&
!
$ !
%&8
&
&3
#
$
!
!
#
$
7 !
&- J"- !
+6
0$
&
%
#$,
?
7
!
#
!
)
&
'
&
!
&
!
%$!
!
+
#$
#
#
&!
&
#
!
$
7
!
6
!
&
#
0 &
&! !
9
+
++
5+ 3
&
!
//
&
&!!
+9
,
0 &
&!
7 !
%
%
!
!
&9// #
#
&
!
=
# !
&
!
!
#$ !
!
=
# !
! &
&!
&
=
#
!
# '
!
$
+;
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
,
0 &
&!
7 !
%
! <
7
!
&
&
&!
!
=%%%& !
;< #
& < 99 4#
&51 *51
*
=
#
!
B7%J
!
1
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
2
0 > H
&0
F
#
H ! )
$!
#
#!
!
11 #
#
!
+91 #
#
$
%
&
<19 4# &
&
&!
%$
! : $
!
%
& #
!
!
!!
!
!
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
2
0 > H
&0
F
#
&!
2
&! &
&!
$
!
$
$
#
#
#
&
&!
4
&
&!
&
#
!
%
&
$ &
#
)
, *# $
!
&
!
!
Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second Edition, © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-191835-4
