Samplex

Medical Physiology Final Examination

Samplex

PART III – Respi

Prepared by: Mary 08AM March 2009

Coverage:

Note: this is a compilation of finals samplex, it will be divided to parts according to the coverage. *^-^*

The last and final step of the process of inspiration is:

A. Descent of the diaphragm B. Air flow into the lungs

C. Decrease intrapulmonic pressure D. Increase transmural pressure

That part of the respiratory tree where no gas exchange takes place because

of absence of perfusion: A. Respiratory membrane

B. Physiologic dead space C. Anatomic dead space D. Pleural space

The following composes the respiratory membrane except

A. Airway mucosa B. Endothelial cells C. Pnemocytes

D. Alveolar interstitium across the lungs Answer: A

The contraction of the abdominal muscles in respiration is to:

A. Raise the rib cage upward

B. Increase compliance of the thorax C. Lower the diaphragm

D. Raise intraabdominal pressure Answer: D

During heavy breathing, rapid

expiration is achieved mainly by what muscle? A. External intercostals B. Diaphragm C. Rectus abdominis D. External oblique Answer: C

Which of the following muscles are used during forceful expiration

A. Diaphragm and external intercostals B. Diaphragm and internal intercostals C. Diaphragm only

D. Rectus abdominis and internal intercostals

Air passes into these structure, EXCEPT:

A. Anatomic dead space B. Respiratory bronchiole C. Alveoli

D. Pleura

Inspiratory phase ceases when the intra-alveolar pressure becomes A. Equal to the atmospheric pressure B. Higher than the atmospheric

pressure

C. Lower than the atmospheric pressure

D. Equal to the intrathoracic pressure

The intrapulmonic pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure at:

A. Mid expiration

B. Beginning of inspiration C. End of expiration

D. Mid inspiration Answer: C

If the inspiratory muscles are

paralyzed, alveolar ventilation can only be attained by:

A. Decreasing intrapulmonic or intraalveolar pressure

B. Elastic recoil of the thorax and lungs C. Increasing atmospheric pressure

D. Increasing the negativity of the intrapleural pressure

In a normal healthy individual, which of these statement/s is TRUE?

A. Anatomic dead space air and physiologic dead space air are identical

B. Physiologic dead space air may be considered larger because of inequality of blood flow and ventilation

C. Anatomic dead space is equal to the air volume of non-functioning alveoli

D. All of these

Pulmonary artery embolism will result _____ physiologic dead space

A. Increased B. Decreased C. No change Answer: A

Alveolar ventilation dereases when this/these parameter/s is/are

decreased: A. Tidal volume

B. dead space air volume C. Respirator rate/minute D. A and C are correct

Provides available gas for exchange in between breathe:

A. Tidal volume

B. Residual volume C. Vital capacity

D. Inspiratory reserve volume Answer: B

This allow continuous exchange of gases during breath holding after a

normal expiration: A. Tidal volume

B. Inspiratory reserve volume C. Functional residual capacity D. Residual volume

In partial airway obstruction, the residual volume: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains unchanged Answer: A

With mass of gas kept constant, pressure of a gas increases when

volume which contain the gas decreases.

This is known as: A. Boyle’s Law

B. Henry’s Law C. Dalton’s Law

D. The law of LaPlace Answer: A

The alveolar ventilation is highest in: A. TV= 500ml; RR= 12 breaths/min B. TV= 200ml; RR= 30 breaths/min C. Both D. Neither Answer: A

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio is seen when:

A. Diaphragmatic paralysis B. Surfactant deficiency

C. Obstruction to pulmonary airflow D. Increased dead space air

A patient with restrictive lung disease typically has the following EXCEPT

A. Increased FEV1 and normal lung compliance B. Decreased FEV1 and decreased lung

compliance

C. Increased FEV1/VC ratio

D. Breathing is fast and shallow

Normal partial pressure of blood in the left ventricle is about:

A. PO2= 159 mmHg; pCO2= 45 mmHg B. pO2= 100 mmHg; pCO2= 40 mmHg C. PO2= 40 mmHg; pCO2= 45 mmHg D. PO2= 40 mmHg; pCO2= 40 mmHg Answer: B

During exercise there is increased: A. Alveolar ventilation

B. Ventilation/perfusion ratio C. Surface area of respiratory

membrane D. All of these

What factor/s aids in stabilizing the alveoli from collapsing?

A. Pulmonary surfactant

B. Interdependence of adjacent alveoli sacs upon one another

C. Elastic fibers

D. A and B are correct

When surfactant production by pneumocytes is deficient, the

pulmonary compliance: A. Increases

B. Decreases C. Not affected Answer: B

This does NOT affect the rate of gas diffusion across the respiratory

membrane

A. Thickness of the membrane B. Surface area of membrane C. Temperature

D. Pressure gradient

Rate of diffusion of gas INCREASES when this parameter decreases: A. Pressure gradient

B. Surface area

C. Respiratory membrane thickness D. None of these

The diffusing capacity of O2 is inreased during exercise by:

A. Opening of previously closed capillaries (recruitment)

B. Dilation of preciously openend capillaries (distention)

C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

Gas exchange takes place at the level of the pulmonary: A. Venule B. Arteriole C. Capillaries D. artery Answer: C

At the tissue level, the PO2 at the arteriolar end of the capillary is... A. Higher than

B. Lower than C. The same

... as the interstitium Answer: A

This is characteristic of uppermost portion of the lung compared to other

portions:

A. Relatively lower V/Q ratio B. Lowest perfusion

C. Highest pCO2 D. Lowest pO2 Answer: B

Pulmonary edema takes place when pulmonary capillary hydrostatic

pressure _____ plasma colloidal osmotic pressure A. Is lower than B. Exceeds by 10 mmHg C. Is equal to D. Exceeds by 21 mmHg Answer: D

Hypoxic hypoxia result in tissue when:

A. Blood flow is reduced

B. Respiratory membrane is abnormally thickened

C. RBC count decreases

D. Tissue cannot utilize adequate supply of O2 Answer: A

Hypoxic hypoxia A. Can occur in high altitude

B. Non-oxygenated Hb is increased

C. Can be relieved by oxygen theraphy D. All of these

An increase of P50 of the HbO2 dissociation curve results from a

decrease in

A. Core body temperature B. Plasma pH

C. paCO2

D. 2-3 DPG production

When more H+ released from carbonic acid binds to hemoglobin. Oxygen

affinity to hemoglobin decreases.

This is known as: A. Haldane effect

B. Heimlich Maneuver C. Hering-Breuer reflex D. Bohr effect

At a pO2 of 100 mmHg, further increasing pO2 will INCREASE O2 in: A. RBC

B. Plasma C. Both

D. Neither Answer: B

Known to limit the duration of inspiration thus bringing about

increased respiratory rate A. Apneustic center

B. Dorsal respiratory group C. Ventral respiratory group D. Pneumotaxic center

The basic respiratory rhythm is generated in the: A. Vental mdulla B. Dorsal medulla C. Apneustic center D. Pneumotaxic center Answer: B

More potent stimulus of peripheral chemoreceptors

A. Signals from proprioreceptors B. Decreased PO2

C. Decreased plasma pH D. Increases pCO2

Peripheral and central chemoreceptors may both contribute to the increased

ventilation that occurs as a result of: A. Increased paCO2

B. Increased plasma pH C. Decreased paO2

D. Decreased artherial blood pressure

This statement is TRUE regarding stimulation of central chemoreceptors

A. Are more sensitive to increased serum H+ B. Are subject to voluntary control

C. CO2 have a more potent effect in

stimulating chemosensitive neurons Than H+

D. Neurons are located in the pons Answer: C

Which of the following is, by definition, a condition called dyspnea?

A. Increase in the rate of breathing regardless of patient’s subjective sensation

B. Rapid, shallowo breathing

C. Breathing in which the subject is conscious of shortness of breath

D. Increase in the depth of breathing

References