Netflow for Accounting, Analysis and Attack
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(2) Agenda • Introduction • Platforms • Versions • Accounting and Analysis—MPLS Environment • Accounting and Analysis—BGP and Autonomous Systems • Accounting and Analysis—Multicast Options • Attack—Security Features and Applications • Scaling—Features and Options • Export—Collector, NAM and Partners • Evolving NetFlow—Deployment and Direction • Q&A MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 2.
(3) Introduction. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 3.
(4) The Value of NetFlow Services REQUIREMENT. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTION. • Who are the top talkers?. • Source Address. • Network Monitoring. • How much. • Destination Address. • Network Planning. • Source Port. • Security Analysis. • Destination Port. • Application Monitoring. • Layer 3 Protocol Type. • User Monitoring. • DSCP. • Traffic Engineering. • Input Logical Interface. • Peering Agreement. • BGP Next Hop TOS. • Usage-Based Billing. • MPLS Label. • Destination-Sensitive Billing. Traffic per user/group? Traffic per application? Traffic “on-net” / “off-net”. • How many users are active on the network at any given time? • Where Does the traffic come from? Does it go to?. • When was it transmitted? • Security attacks? MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. • MPLS Label Type (LDP, BGP, VPN, ATOM, TE Tunnel MID-PT). © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 4.
(5) What Is a Flow? Defined by Seven Unique Keys: • Source IP address • Destination IP address • Source port • Destination port • Layer 3 protocol type • TOS byte (DSCP) • Input logical interface (ifIndex). A flow is unidirectional! MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Exported NetFlow Data © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 5.
(6) NetFlow Principles • Inbound traffic only (with some exceptions) • Unidirectional flow • Accounts for both transit traffic and traffic destined for the router • Works with Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) or fast switching Not a switching path. • Supported on all interfaces and Cisco IOS software platforms • Provides the subinterface information in the flow records • 6500/7600 enables NetFlow on all interfaces by default MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 6.
(7) How does the NetFlow Cache work?. NetFlow Cache 7 7 identifiers identifiers. Other Other data data. Flow identifiers. Flow data. Flow identifiers. Flow data. Flow identifiers. Flow data update. Exported Data. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 7.
(8) NetFlow Architecture SNMP NetFlow MIB. IPv4/v6 Traffic. NetFlow Enabled Devices. • • • • • • • • • •. Source address Destination address Source port Destination port Layer 3 protocol type DSCP Input logical interface BGP next hop TOS MPLS label MPLS label type. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Network (IP, MPLS). NetFlow Export (v9) Packets: 1. Templates 2. Data Records. NetFlow Collector (various). © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Applications: • Performance • Security • Billing •… Cisco Internal Use Only. 8.
(9) NetFlow Processing Order. PreProcessing. • Packet Sampling • Filtering. Features and Services • IPv4 • Multicast • MPLS • IPv6. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. PostProcessing. • Aggregation schemes • Non-key fields lookup • Export. Cisco Internal Use Only. 9.
(10) NetFlow Export Format – Version 5 ••Source SourceIPIPAddress address DestinationIP IPAddress address ••Destination. Usage. • Packet count • Byte count. Time of Day. • Start sysUpTime • End sysUpTime. • Source TCP/UDP port • Destination TCP/ UDP port. • Input ifIndex • Output ifIndex. • • • • •. Port Utilization. QoS. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. • Type of service • TCP flags • Protocol. Next Hop address Source AS number Dest. AS number Source prefix mask Dest. prefix mask. From/To. Application. Routing and Peering. Blue – key field Black – value field Red – lookup field © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 10.
(11) NetFlow Cache Example 1. Create and update flows in NetFlow cache Srclf. SrclPadd. Dstlf. DstlPadd. Protocol. TOS. Flgs. Pkts. Src Port. Src Msk. Src AS. Dst Port. Dst Msk. Dst AS. NextHop. Bytes/ Pkt. Active. Idle. Fa1/0. 173.100.21.2. Fa0/0. 10.0.227.12. 11. 80. 10. 11000. 00A2. /24. 5. 00A2. /24. 15. 10.0.23.2. 1528. 1745. 4. Fa1/0. 173.100.3.2. Fa0/0. 10.0.227.12. 6. 40. 0. 2491. 15. /26. 196. 15. /24. 15. 10.0.23.2. 740. 41.5. 1. Fa1/0. 173.100.20.2. Fa0/0. 10.0.227.12. 11. 80. 10. 10000. 00A1. /24. 180. 00A1. /24. 15. 10.0.23.2. 1428. 1145.5. 3. Fa1/0. 173.100.6.2. Fa0/0. 10.0.227.12. 6. 40. 0. 2210. 19. /30. 180. 19. /24. 15. 10.0.23.2. 1040. 24.5. 14. • • • •. 2. Expiration. Inactive timer expired (15 sec is default) Active timer expired (30 min (1800 sec) is default) NetFlow cache is full (oldest flows are expired) RST or FIN TCP Flag. Srclf. SrclPadd. Dstlf. DstlPadd. Protocol. TOS. Flgs. Pkts. Src Port. Src Msk. Src AS. Dst Port. Dst Msk. Dst AS. NextHop. Bytes/ Pkt. Active. Idle. Fa1/0. 173.100.21.2. Fa0/0. 10.0.227.12. 11. 80. 10. 11000. 00A2. /24. 5. 00A2. /24. 15. 10.0.23.2. 1528. 1800. 4. 3. Aggregation. Ye s. No. e.g. Protocol-Port Aggregation Scheme. 4. Export version 5. Transport protocol MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Export Packet. Header. Non-Aggregated Flows—Export Version 5 or 9. Payload (Flows). © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Protocol. Pkts. SrcPort. DstPort. Bytes/Pkt. 11. 11000. 00A2. 00A2. 1528. Aggregated Flows—Export Version 8 or 9 Cisco Internal Use Only. 11.
(12) NetFlow Configuration Commands • Per interface. • e.g. ip flow-export version 5. • e.g. ip flow-export destination 10.0.0.1 65001. • Default is interface with best route to collector. Recommendation: configure loopback interface.. • Selects the aggregation cache. • Sets the seconds an inactive flow will remain in the cache before expiration. 15 seconds is default. • Sets the minutes an active flow will remain in the cache before expiration. 30 minutes is default. • Sets the maximum number of flow entries in the cache. The default varies dependent on platform.. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 12.
(13) NetFlow Show Commands • Shows NetFlow statistics. • Shows NetFlow statistics for the configured aggregation scheme. • Shows export statistics. • Clears NetFlow statistics. • Clears export statistics. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 13.
(14) ‘show ip cache flow’ router_A#sh ip cache flow Packet Sizes IP packet size distribution (85435 total packets): 1-32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 .000 .000 .125 .125 .250 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 512 544 576 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 4608 .000 .000 .000 .000 .500 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 IP Flow Switching Cache, 278544 bytes # of Active Flows 2728 active, 1368 inactive, 85310 added 463824 ager polls, 0 flow alloc failures Rates and Duration Active flows timeout in 30 minutes Inactive flows timeout in 15 seconds last clearing of statistics never Protocol Total Flows Packets Bytes Packets Active(Sec) Idle(Sec) -------Flows /Sec /Flow /Pkt /Sec /Flow /Flow TCP-X 2 0.0 1 1440 0.0 0.0 9.5 TCP-other 82580 11.2 1 1440 11.2 0.0 12.0 Total: 82582 11.2 Flow Details 1 1440 11.2 0.0 12.0 SrcIf Et0/0 Et0/0 Et0/0 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. SrcIPaddress 132.122.25.60 139.57.220.28 165.172.153.65. DstIf Se0/0 Se0/0 Se0/0. DstIPaddress 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Pr 06 06 06. SrcP 9AEE 708D CB46. Cisco Internal Use Only. DstP 0007 0007 0007. Pkts 1 1 1 14.
(15) ‘show ip cache verbose flow’ router_A#sh ip cache verbose flow IP packet size distribution (23597 total packets): 1-32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 512 544 576 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 4608 .000 .000 .000 .000 1.00 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000. Flow Rate and Duration. IP Flow Switching Cache, 278544 bytes 1323 active, 2773 inactive, 23533 added ToS Byte 151644 ager polls, 0 flow alloc failures Destination and TCP Active flows timeout in 30 minutes Inactive flows timeout in 15 seconds Information Flags last clearing of statistics never Protocol Total Flows Packets Bytes Packets Active(Sec) Idle(Sec) -------Flows /Sec /Flow /Pkt /Sec /Flow /Flow TCP-other 22210 3.1 1 1440 3.1 0.0 12.9 Total: 22210 3.1 1 1440 3.1 0.0 12.9. Source Mask and AS. SrcIf Port Msk AS Et0/0 5FA7 /0 0 Et0/0 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. SrcIPaddress. DstIf Port Msk AS 216.120.112.114 Se0/0 0007 /0 0 175.182.253.65 Se0/0. DstIPaddress NextHop 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Pr TOS Flgs Pkts B/Pk Active 06 00 10 1 1440 0.0 06 00 10 1. Cisco Internal Use Only. 15.
(16) Platforms. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 16.
(17) Comprehensive Platform Support. 10000 ASIC Si. 3700. 4500/ 4700. AS5300/ 5800. 7200/ 7300/ 7400/ 7500/. C 4500 ASIC. 12000 ASIC. C 6500/ 7600 ASIC. 3600 2600 1700 800 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 17.
(18) Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series Switches • Hybrid: Cisco Catalyst OS on PFC/supervisor and Cisco IOS software on MSFC • Native Cisco IOS software: PFC/supervisor and the MSFC both run a single bundled Cisco IOS software image • Export is centrally via the supervisor and MSFC, each linecard has its own hardware NetFlow cache and forwarding table, i.e. distributed platform Hybrid. Native 12.1E. Native 12.2SX. MSFCx. v5. v5. v5, v8*. Sup1a. V7, v8. v7. N/A. Sup2. V7, v8. v5, v7. v5, v7, v8. v5, v7, v8. v5, v7. v5, v7, v8. Sup720. *No NetFlow Support on MSFC with Sup1a MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 18.
(19) Catalyst 6500/7600 Supervisor. 1st Packet Supervisor 1. 2nd Packet 3rd Packet 4th Packet. MSFC. …. • Supervisor 1: When destination has no adjacency in FIB the 1st packet goes to MSFC for ARP request; This packet is not counted by the supervisor2 If NetFlow is enabled on the MSFC2, the MSFC2 accounted packets will have DstIf = Null (by limitation). • Supervisor 2—99% of traffic goes through the supervisor 2 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 19.
(20) MLS Best Design NFC. Vlan1 Export. Supervisor 2. Export. MSFC2 Vlan14. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. MLS-Enabled and Export v7 from the SUP2 Export v5 from the MSFC2 And Export in the sc0 vlan © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 20.
(21) Catalyst 6500/7600 Versions and Features • Cisco IOS software release 12.1(13)E1 PFC2 Source/destination interface information (Hybrid 6.3(6)) PFC2 Source/destination AS information PFC2 Support for V5 NetFlow data export (Hybrid 7.5(1)) IP Next hop Sampled NetFlow is available on PFC in Cisco IOS. • Cisco IOS software release 12.2(14)SX Version 8 in native mode. • PFC3b (Sup720) cards ToS byte Multicast traffic. • Hybrid Catalyst OS 7.2(1) L2 switched traffic (vlan x to vlan y) support (doesn’t require MSFC). • Hybrid Catalyst OS 7.3(1) Destination and source IfIndex enabled by default MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 21.
(22) Catalyst 6500/7600: Native Cisco IOS Mode mls flow ip full -> flow mask mls nde src_address 10.200.8.127 version 7 -> version 7 export source OR mls nde sender -> NDE enable + NDE from the PFC uses the source configured from the MSFC!!!!! interface vlan 1 ip address 10.200.8.127 255.255.255.0 ip route-cache flow interface FastEthernet 3/2 ip address 10.300.8.2 255.255.255.0 ip route-cache flow -> version 5 export source ip flow-export source vlan1 ip flow-export version 5 ip flow-export destination 172.17.246.244 9996 -> both for version 5 and 7 export MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 22.
(23) Catalyst 6500/7600 Switched Traffic. New. • L2 switched traffic (vlan x to vlan y) support in Hybrid Catalyst OS 7.2(1); It doesn’t require MSFC; Note: Not yet available in native mode set mls bridged-flow-statistics enable/disable <vlan>. • Destination and source IfIndex enabled by default, support in Hybrid 7.3(1) set mls nde {destination-index|source-index} {enable|disable}. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 23.
(24) Catalyst 4000/4500 NetFlow • NetFlow services card in Supervisor 4: 12.1(13)EW supports version 5 without interface tracking 12.1(19)EW supports version 5 (with interface tracking) and version 8. • NetFlow services card in Supervisor 5: 12.2(18)EW supports Version 5 and 8. • Prior card was NetFlow Feature Card (NFFC) (now end of sale). MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 24.
(25) Cisco 12000 Series Internet Routers: NetFlow support • Engine 0—software support • Engine 1—software support • Engine 2—support in ASICs, however there is a significant performance impact if running many other features concurrently • Engine 3—support in ASICs • Engine 4—not supported • Engine 4+—support in ASICs. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 25.
(26) Versions. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 26.
(27) NetFlow Versions NetFlow Version. Comments. 1. Original. 5. Standard and Most Common Specific to Cisco C6500 and 7600 Series Switches. 7. 8. 9. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Similar to Version 5, but Does Not Include AS, Interface, TCP Flag and ToS Information Choice of 11 Aggregation Schemes Reduces Export Resource Usage Flexible, Extensible File Export Format to Enable Easier Support of Additional Fields and Technologies e.g. MPLS, Multicast, BGP Next Hop, and IPv6 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 27.
(28) Version 8: Aggregation Flow Format ASTOS. ProtocolPort-TOS. SourcePrefix-TOS. DestinationPrefix-TOS. PrefixTOS. PrefixPort. Source Prefix. x. x. x. Source Prefix Mask. x. x. x. Destination Prefix. x. x. x. Destination Prefix Mask. x. x. x. Source App Port. x. x. Destination App Port. x. x. Input Interface. x. x. Output Interface. x. x. IP Protocol. x x. x. x. x. x. x. Source AS. x. Destination AS. x. TOS. x. x. First Timestamp. x. Last Timestamp. x x. x x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. # of Flows. x. x. x. x. x. x. # of Packets. x. x. x. x. x. x. # of Bytes. x. x. x. x. x. x. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 28.
(29) Version 8: Configuration !. "#. $ %& %& '(& ). *. ). *. '(&. * * *. '(&. * *. +. &. *. &. *. '(& '(&. Note—Do Not Export Version 5 at the Same Time: “ip flow-export version 5” MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 29.
(30) Version 9 – Why Just Another Version? • Previous formats (versions 1, 5, 7, and 8) were fixed format and inflexible 1) Cisco needed to build a new version each time a customer wanted to export new fields 2) Partners had to reengineer to support the new export format. Solution: Build a Flexible and Extensible Export Format! • Whitepaper. www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/prodlit/tflow_wp.htm. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 30.
(31) NetFlow v9 Principles • Version 9 is an export format • Still a push model • Send the template regularly (configurable) • Independent of the transport protocol, currently UDP, but ready for reliable transport protocols e.g. TCP, SCTP,… • Advantage: we can add new technologies and data types quickly e.g. MPLS, IPv6, BGP Next Hop, Multicast,…. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 31.
(32) NetFlow v9: Example for Template Definition Template A. Template B. Flow Set ID (0 for Template). Flow Set ID (0 for Template). Length of Template Structure. Length of Template Structure. 2 DST_AS_NUMBER. 4 SRC_AS_NUMBER. 2. 2. L4_PROTOCOL. PACKET_COUNT. 2. 2 BYTE_COUNT 2. 1001 (Template ID) 3 (# of Fields) SRC_AS_NUMBER. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. 1002 (Template ID) 4 (# of Fields) SRC_IP_PREFIX. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 32.
(33) NetFlow v9: Example for 1 Export Packet As Defined in the Previous Slide. ID: 1002 2 (# of Records in FlowSet). 20. 365. 64. 20. 92894 1000 Record 1 Record 2. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Data for Template B © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Template A. Packet Header. Template B. 1.1.1.1 2.2.1.1 ID: 1001. 35. 1. 700 23 Record 1. Data for Template A Cisco Internal Use Only. 33.
(34) NetFlow v9 Export Packet To Support Technologies Such As MPLS or Multicast, This Export Format Can Be Leveraged to Easily Insert New Fields. Header (Version, # Packets, Sequence #, Source ID). Template FlowSet Template Template Record Record Template ID #1 Template ID #2 (Specific Field Types and Lengths). (Specific Field Types and Lengths). Flows from Interface A. Data FlowSet FlowSet ID #1. Flows from Interface B. Data FlowSet Option FlowSet ID #2. Template FlowSet. Data Record. Data Record. Data Record. Template ID. (Field Values). (Field Values). (Field Values). (Specific Field Types and Lengths). Option Data FlowSet FlowSet ID Option Option Data Data Record Record (Field Values). (Field Values). • The header follows the same format as prior NetFlow versions so Collectors will be backward compatible • Templates are associates to data records by matching ID numbers • Each data record represents one flow • If exported flows have different fields, they require a separate template record (e.g. “BGP next-hop” cannot be combined with “MPLS Aware NetFlow” records) MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 34.
(35) NetFlow v9 Export Format Example of Export Packet Right after NetFlow Configuration: Header (Version, # Packets, Sequence #, Source ID). Template FlowSet Template Record. Template Record. Template Record. Template Record. Option Template FlowSet. Template ID. Template ID. Template ID. Template ID. Template ID. (Specific Field Types and Lengths). (Specific Field Types and Lengths). (Specific Field Types and Lengths). (Specific Field Types and Lengths). (Specific Field Types and lengths). Option Data FlowSet FlowSet ID Option Data Record. Option Data Record. (Field Values). (Field Values). Example of Export Packets Containing Mostly Flow Information: Header Header (Version, # Packets, Sequence #, Source ID). MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Data FlowSet. Data FlowSet FlowSet ID. FlowSet ID Data Record. Data Record. Data Record. Data Record. Data Record. Data Record. (Field Values). (Field Values). (Field Values). (Field Values). (Field Values). (Field Values). © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. Data Record (Field Values). 35.
(36) NetFlow Version 9 Configuration Configuring Version 9 Export for the Main Cache !. "#. $. ,. Export Versions Available for NetFlow Flows. . !. "#. .. /. Configuring Version 9 Export for an Aggregation Scheme !. "#. !. "#. !. "# &. !. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. ) "#. 2. 3. 2. .. 3. .. !. 0. $ 1* $. Export Versions Available for Aggregated NetFlow Flows. "# © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. . Cisco Internal Use Only. 36.
(37) IETF: IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Working Group • IPFIX is an effort to: Define the notion of a “standard IP flow” Devise data encoding for IP flows Consider the notion of IP flow information export based upon packet sampling Identify and address any security privacy concerns affecting flow data Specify the transport mapping for carrying IP flow information (IETF approved congestion-aware transport protocol) NetFlow version 9 has been selected as a basis for the IPFIX protocol MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 37.
(38) IETF: Packet Sampling WG (PSAMP) • PSAMP agreed to use IPFIX (NetFlow version 9) for export • PSAMP is an effort to: Specify a set of selection operations by which packets are sampled Describe protocols by which information on sampled packets is reported to applications. • http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/psamp-charter.html • Note: NetFlow is already using some sampling mechanisms. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 38.
(39) NetFlow Features supported with Version 9 • Multicast NetFlow Availability: Major Release 12.3(1) and 12.2(18)S Ingress Accounting of replicated multicast packets Egress Per user accounting of multicast packets. • MPLS Aware NetFlow Availability: Release 12.0(26)S Label and prefix export information. • BGP Next Hop Availability: Releases 12.0(26)S, 12.2(18)S, and 12.3 Edge to Edge Traffic Matrix BGP traffic destination information. • NetFlow for IPv6 Availability: Release 12.3(7)T Export IPv6 source and destination information MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 39.
(40) Accounting and Analysis—MPLS Environment. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 40.
(41) NetFlow MPLS Features Overview Traditional NetFlow (IP to MPLS). MPLS-Aware NetFlow (MPLS to MPLS). Egress MPLS NetFlow (MPLS to IP). MPLS IP. PE. P. PE. IP. Traffic Flow. • MPLS-aware NetFlow Cisco IOS software releases 12.0(24)S, 12.2(18)S, and 12.3(1). • Egress MPLS NetFlow accounting Cisco IOS software releases 12.0(10)ST and 12.1(5)T MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 41.
(42) MPLS-Aware NetFlow (v9) MPLS. IP. IP Traffic Flow. • Enable on MPLS interfaces • Tracks ingress traffic • NetFlow version 9 only • Option of IP and MPLS output or MPLS aggregation (top label aggregation) • Supported in Cisco IOS software releases 12.3(1), 12.2(18)S and 12.0(26)S1. 12.0(24)S on the 12000 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 42.
(43) MPLS Aware NetFlow Flow Keys • Key fields (uniquely identify the flow). • Additional export fields. Source IP address Destination IP address IP protocol Input ifIndex Source application port Destination application port DSCP Up to 3 incoming MPLS labels of interest with experimental bits and end-of-stack bit Positions of the above labels in the packet label stack. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Flows Packets Bytes Timestamps (sysUptime) IP Next Hop Output interface Accumulation of TCP Flags NetFlow version 5 fields of the underlying IP packet (TCP flags, etc…) Type of the top label: LDP, BGP, VPN, ATOM, TE Tunnel MID-PT, unknown The forwarding equivalent class (FEC) mapping to the top label. Cisco Internal Use Only. 43.
(44) MPLS Aware NetFlow Flow Keys (AToM)
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(46) . • Key fields (Uniquely Identify the flow) Input ifIndex Up to 3 incoming MPLS labels of interest with experimental bits and end-of-stack bit Positions of the above labels in the packet label stack. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. • Additional export fields Packets Bytes Timestamps (sysUptime) Output interface Type of the top label: LDP, BGP, VPN, ATOM, TE Tunnel MID-PT, unknown Issue: the Forwarding Equivalent Class mapping to the top label (=0.0.0.0). Redesign planned.. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 44.
(47) MPLS-Aware NetFlow Top Label Aggregation Fields • Key fields (uniquely identifies the flow). • Additional export fields Flows Packets Bytes Timestamps (sysUptime) IP Next Hop Output interface Accumulation of TCP Flags Type of the top label: LDP, BGP, VPN, ATOM, TE tunnel MID-PT, unknown The FEC mapping to the top label. Input ifIndex The top incoming MPLS labels with experimental bits and end-of-stack bit. • Supported in 12.0(25)S. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 45.
(48) MPLS-Aware NetFlow Configuration ip flow-cache mpls label-positions [label-position-1 [label-position-2 [label-position-3]]] [noip-fields] [mpls-length] labelposition-n. Position of an MPLS Label in the Incoming Label Stack; Label Positions Are Counted from the Top of the Stack, Starting with 1. no-ipfields. Controls the capture and reporting of MPLS flow fields. If the no-ip-fields keyword is not specified, the following IP related flow fields are included: • Source IP address • Destination IP address • Transport layer protocol • Source application port number • Destination application port number • IP type of service (ToS) • TCP flag (the result of a bitwise OR of TCP. mplslength. Controls the Reporting of Packet Length; If the mpls-length Keyword Is Specified, the Reported Length Represents the Sum of MPLS Packet Payload Length and the MPLS Label Stack Length; If the mpls-length Keyword Is Not Specified, Only the Length of the MPLS Packet Payload Is Reported. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 46.
(49) Cisco 12000 Series Internet Routers MPLS-Aware NetFlow (v9) • Engines 0, 1, 2, and 3 Up to 3 labels and IP packet header fields. • Engine 4 Not supported. • Engine 4+ 1 label and IP packet header field. • MPLS-Aware NetFlow supported in Cisco IOS software release 12.0(24)S • MPLS-Aware NetFlow top label aggregation supported in Cisco IOS software release 12.0(25)S MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 47.
(50) Egress MPLS NetFlow • For accounting of MPLS Layer 3 VPN traffic, i.e. the MPLS to IP traffic coming from the core • Enable on IP interface • Tracks egress traffic. MPLS. IP. IP Traffic Flow. • NetFlow version 5 and version 8 • Can be enabled on sub-interfaces • All other NetFlow commands still apply • Supported in 12.0(10)ST, 12.1(5)T and 12.0(22)S router(config-if)#tag-switching ip flow egress MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 48.
(51) New. Output Sampled NetFlow • Enable on IP interface • Tracks egress traffic. MPLS. IP. IP Traffic Flow. • Tracks both MPLS to IP and IP to IP • Only supported on 12000 engine 3 (IP Service Engine (ISE)) line card • Supported in 12.0(24)S (12.0(26)S added input interface) router(config-if)#ip route-cache flow sampled [input|output]. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 49.
(52) MPLS Aware NetFlow The Core Traffic Matrix. PE PoP. AS2. P. PE. AS3. MPLS Core. PE. CE CPE. AS5. P. PoP. PE PE PE. P P. P. Server Farm 1. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. AS4. Customers. Customers. AS1. CE CPE. Server Farm 2. Internal Traffic: “PoP to PoP”, the PoP being the CPE or CE External traffic matrix PoP to BGP AS © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 50.
(53) Accounting and Analysis—BGP and Autonomous Systems. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 51.
(54) BGP Autonomous System NetFlow Enabled. AS 101. AS 102. AS 104. AS 103. Configuring Peer-AS • Source AS = AS 103 • Destination AS = AS 105. AS 105. Router(config)#ip flow-export version 5 peer-as. AS 106 Note: The AS Fields Will Remain Empty unless You Configure It Explicitly with peer-as or origin-as. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 52.
(55) BGP Autonomous System NetFlow Enabled. AS 101. AS 102. AS 104. AS 103. Configuring Origin-AS • Source AS = AS 101 • Destination AS = AS 106. AS 105. Router(config)#ip flow-export version 5 origin-as. AS 106 Note: The AS Fields Will Remain Empty unless You Configure It Explicitly with peer-as or origin-as. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 53.
(56) BGP next-hop NetFlow-Enabled Here. AS 2. AS 1 Router1. Router2. Router3. AS 3. Router4. Router5. Traffic Flow. • The IGP resolved next hop is Router3, so IP next-hop is Router3 • The BGP next-hop is Router 5 (by IOS default configuration) • If “neighbor a.b.c.d next-hop self” is configured (disables BGP next-hop calculation) then BGP next-hop is Router 4 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 54.
(57) BGP next-hop Details • Supported only in version 9 export • For traffic engineering/analysis (traffic matrix) and possible billing applications. “What is the Next Hop IP address of my BGP Traffic?” • Exported fields include all version 5 fields, including IP Next Hop • Adds 16 bytes to each NetFlow flow record (goes from 64 bytes to 80 bytes), while CPU increase is negligible • Edge to Edge traffic matrix for engineering/analysis and possible billing applications • Supported in Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.0(26)S, 12.2(18)S, and 12.3(1) MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 55.
(58) NetFlow Version 9 Configuration Configuring Version 9 Export !. "#. $. !. "#. .. , .. Configuring Version 9 Export with BGP Next-Hop !. "#. . $ 45* 6. 7. %& %& !. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. "#. .. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 56.
(59) NetFlow BGP Next-Hop TOS Aggregation • Key fields (uniquely identify the flow). New. • Additional export fields Flows. Origin AS. Packets. Destination AS. Bytes. Inbound interface. Timestamps (sysUptime). DSCP Next BGP hop Output interface. • Note IP Next-Hop is not included • Available now in releases 12.0(26)S, 12.2(18)S and 12.3(1) • Note: Not supported on the 4k/6k/10k MPLS Aware IP. Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 57.
(60) NetFlow BGP Next Hop TOS Aggregation Remote Traffic (Different AS). Source. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Local Traffic (Within AS). © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 58.
(61) NetFlow Collector 5.0 BGP Features. New. • NFC collects NetFlow records as a passive BGP peer to receive the full BGP table from each exporting router • Allows BGP attribute correlation to flow records • Fields include: BGP AS path BGP Next Hop (if not provided via router) BGP community (in NFC 5.1). • Stay tuned!. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 59.
(62) Accounting and Analysis— Multicast Options. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 60.
(63) Multicast NetFlow Three Types of NetFlow Implementations for Multicast Traffic: 1. Traditional NetFlow 2. Multicast NetFlow Ingress 3. Multicast NetFlow Egress. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 61.
(64) Multicast: Traditional NetFlow (S, G) - (10.0.0.2, 224.10.10.100). Traditional NetFlow Configuration 1. NetFlow Collector Server. : , / / /8. Eth 0. ,89/ / /,. .. Eth 1. Eth 3. ,89/ / /, ...-. Eth 2. Flow Record Created in NetFlow Cache Srclf. SrclPadd. Dstlf. DstlPadd. Protocol. TOS. Flgs. SrcPort. SrcMsk. DstPort. DstMsk. Eth0. 10.0.0.2. Null. 224.10.10.100. 11. 80. 10. 00A2. /24. 00A2. /24. • There is only one flow per NetFlow configured input interface • Destination interface is marked as “Null” • Bytes and Packets are the incoming values MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. NextHop. Bytes. Packets. Active. Idle. 23100. 21. 1745. 4. Note: C 6500/7600 Accounts for Multicast Traffic in This Way in PFC3b (Sup720) Cisco Internal Use Only. 62.
(65) Multicast NetFlow Ingress (v9) (S, G) - (10.0.0.2, 224.10.10.100). Multicast NetFlow Ingress Configuration 1. NetFlow Collector Server. : , / / /8. Eth 0. ,89/ / /,. .. Eth 1. Eth 3. ,89/ / /, ...-. Eth 2. Flow Record Created in NetFlow Cache Srclf. SrclPadd. Dstlf. DstlPadd. Protocol. TOS. Flgs. SrcPort. SrcMsk. DstPort. DstMsk. Eth0. 10.0.0.2. Null. 224.10.10.100. 11. 80. 10. 00A2. /24. 00A2. /24. NextHop. Bytes. Packets. Active. Idle. 69300. 63. 1745. 4. • There is only one flow per NetFlow configured input interface • Destination interface is marked as “Null” • Bytes and Packets are the outgoing values MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 63.
(66) Multicast NetFlow Egress (v9) (S, G) - (10.0.0.2, 224.10.10.100). Multicast NetFlow Egress Configuration 1. :. ,. 1. :. 8. NetFlow Collector Server. , / / /8. Eth 0 1. ,89/ / /,. :. Eth 1. Eth 3. .. Eth 2. ,89/ / /, ...-. Flow Records Created in NetFlow Cache Srclf. SrclPadd. Dstlf. DstlPadd. Protocol. TOS. Flgs. SrcPort. SrcMsk. DstPort. DstMsk. Eth0. 10.0.0.2. Eth 1. 224.10.10.100. 11. 80. 10. 00A2. /24. 00A2. Eth0. 10.0.0.2. Eth 2. 224.10.10.100. 11. 80. 10. 00A2. /24. Eth0. 10.0.0.2. Eth 3. 224.10.10.100. 11. 80. 10. 00A2. /24. NextHop. Bytes. Packets. Active. Idle. /24. 23100. 21. 1745. 4. 00A2. /24. 23100. 21. 1745. 4. 00A2. /24. 23100. 21. 1745. 4. • There is one flow per Multicast NetFlow Egress configured output interface • One of the 7 Key fields that define a unique flow has changed from source interface to destination interface • Bytes and Packets are the outgoing values MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 64.
(67) Multicast NetFlow: Summary • Supported via NetFlow version 9 export format • Performance: Ingress vs. Egress Multicast NetFlow Ingress and traditional NetFlow will have similar performance numbers Multicast NetFlow Egress will have performance impact that is proportional to the number of interfaces on which it is enabled (include input interfaces). • Availability Cisco IOS software releases 12.0(27)S, 12.2(18)S and 12.3(1) Not supported in 12000. • Cisco C6500/7600 series switches Do not currently support the tracking of multicast traffic via NetFlow due to current ASIC limitation Will have this support in a future supervisor MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 65.
(68) Attack—Security Features and Applications. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 66.
(69) How to Identify a Security Attack? • Suddenly highly-increased overall traffic in the network • Higher CPU and memory utilization of network devices • Unexpectedly large amount of traffic generated by individual hosts • Increased number of accounting records generated • Multiple accounting records with abnormal content, like one packet per flow record (e.g. TCP SYN flood) • A changed mix of traffic applications, e.g. a sudden increase of “unknown” applications • An increase of certain traffic types and messages, e.g. TCP resets or ICMP messages • An increasing number of ACL violations MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 67.
(70) What Does a DoS Attack Look Like? Potential DoS Attack on Router Estimated: 660 pkt/s 0.2112 Mbps ;. #. < &. 1. &. 1*. &. *. &. %&. ). 1. ). 1*. ). *. ). %&. *. 8.. ,.8/,/ / .. 99. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /888. ,8. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,99. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /, 2. , 9. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,2 .. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /,-.. .. .. ,. /8 /8/8. , -. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /-. 9. .. ,. /8 /8/8. 8 ,2. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /,. --.. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,28,. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /8,. 2. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,-,. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /,,,. -. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,2.. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /8.. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,. ,. <. <. ,8 . <. <. <. <. <. 2. *=. 4>*= 4>*=. ,. <. <. <. <. Typical DoS Attacks Have the Same (or Similar) Flow Entries: • Input Interface (SrcIf) • Destination IP (DstIf) • 1 Packet per flow (Pkts) • Bytes per packet (B/Pk) MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 68.
(71) NetFlow: Mitigating Attacks Method 1—Cost Saving 1. “sh ip cache flow” command to find top volume flows 2. Identify source of attack 3. Write access list to block 4. Monitor via “show ip cache flow” and “null” entry in DestIf field to show it’s being blocked 5. Note you can configure prefix-port aggregation and use “sh ip cache flow aggregation prefix port” Method 2—Most Effective •. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Arbor Networks leverages NetFlow to provide a quicker response and more sophisticated solution than described above © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 69.
(72) Tracing DoS Attack with NetFlow 1/2 1. To show high rate flows router# show ip cache flow | include (K|M). 2. To show all flows to one destination leverage “router# sh ip cache flow | include <destination>” example: #. ,. /8 /8/8. < &. 1. &. 1*. &. *. &. %&. ). 1. ). 1*. ). *. ). %&. *. 8.. ,.8/,/ / .. 99. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /888. ,8. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,99. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /, 2. , 9. .. ,. /8 /8/8. ,2 .. ,. 8.. ,.8/,/ /,-.. .. .. ,. /8 /8/8. , -. ,. <. <. <. <. <. <. <. 2. *=. 4>*= 4>*=. ,. <. <. <. <. 3. To look for known attack signatures e.g. if we know of an attack using UDP port 666 (Hex 029A) we run router# show ip cache flow | inc 029A MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 70.
(73) Tracing DoS Attack with NetFlow 2/2 • Enable NetFlow on relevant routers/switches router1#sh ip cache flow | include <destination> Se1. <source>. Et0. <destination>. Victim 11 0013 0007 159. …. (lot of more flows to the same destination). The Flows Come from Serial 1 Find the Upstream Router on Serial 1. router1#sh ip cef s1 Prefix. Next Hop. Interface. 0.0.0.0/0. 10.10.10.2. Serial1. 10.10.10.0/30. attached. Serial1. Continue on This Router MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 71.
(74) Flow Chart to Identify a High Number of Flows Collect Continuously OR Start Collection Every X Minutes Count Flows During Time Interval Z IF y Number of Flows >N. Alarm!. n. End MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 72.
(75) DoS Attack Example: Arbor Networks Configure NetFlow Export to Arbor DoS Collector(s) Service Provider C Service Provider A. Service Provider B. X. 1. Profile:. Baseline Traffic Patterns in the Network 2. Monitor: Analyze Traffic for Anomalies. IDS Firewall. 3. Detect:. Forward Anomaly Fingerprints to Controllers. 4. Trace: 5. Filter:. Trace the Attack to Its Source Recommends Filters (X). MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. Customer Web Server. 73.
(76) NetFlow-Based Traffic Characterization. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 74.
(77) DoS: Technical Alternatives after NetFlow • ACLs Manual Performance impact. • Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) Automate with BGP Only stops non-existing sources. • MQC Policing: Automate via QPPB (QoS Policy Propagation with BGP) Performance impact. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 75.
(78) DoS: Administrative Alternatives after NetFlow • If source address of flow is not spoofed (falsified): Use Routing table for prefix from which IP source comes (“show ip route <source ip>” and/or “show ip cef <source ip>”) For source IP or source/peer AS use Internet Routing Registry (IRR: Europe whois.ripe.net, Asia-Pac whois.apnic.net, USA and rest whois.arin.net) direct site contact (abuse@domain). • If source address of flow is spoofed (falsified): Trace packet flow back through the network using NetFlow Find upstream ISP via NetFlow incoming interface on edge router Upstream ISP needs to continue the tracing. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 76.
(79) NetFlow MIB and Top N Talkers. New. • Snapshot of current ‘live’ NetFlow cache via SNMP • Administration and configuration of NetFlow using the MIB interface • NetFlow MIB cannot be used to retrieve all flow information, but provides useful traffic snapshots: Packet size distribution Number of bytes exported per second Number of flows. • This is targeted at Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, security monitoring and remote locations where export to a local NetFlow collector is not possible • NetFlow MIB available in release 12.3(7)T • Top N Talkers Top N Flows based on various NetFlow field values MIB and CLI support 12.2(25)S and 12.3(11)T MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 77.
(80) How Cisco IT Uses NetFlow • Characterize IP traffic and account for how and where it flows Total avoidance of SQL slammer worm Transitioned from managed DSL service to internet VPN Detection of unauthorized WAN traffic Validation of QoS parameters and BW allocation Analysis of VPN traffic and tele-commuter behavior Calculating total cost of ownership for applications. Use of NetFlow. NMS and Usage. Security Monitoring. Network Traffic Analysis by Application with BGP; Anomaly Detection Arbor Networks. WAN Aggregation and Edge. Network Traffic Analysis by Application, for Capacity Planning Using NetQOS. Core routers and Nat Gateway. Collection of Historical Data, Useful for Forensics and Diagnostics with Flow Tools. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 78.
(81) Powerful Insight into Tunnels with NetFlow NetFlow Totals Tunnel Packets into One Flow Non-Tunnel Router. Tunnel Head. Tunnel Midpoint. Tunnel Tail. Non-Tunnel Router. Tunnel. Traffic NetFlow Accounts for Packets Enable Here: NetFlow Prior to IPSec Tunnel Accounts for Both the Tunnel. and Post-Tunnel Flows. NetFlow Accounts for Packets Prior to IPSec Tunnel. • NetFlow lets you break out both pre and post encryption • Support for both GRE and IPSec encryption • Tested with 12.3 images • Paper at www.cisco.com/go/netflow under “Technical Documents” MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 79.
(82) Scaling—Features and Options. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 80.
(83) Scaling – Memory Utilization • A NetFlow cache entry (a single flow) is 64 bytes Platform. Default NetFlow Cache Size (Entries). 2600. 4k. 3600. 4k. 3700. 4k. 7200 w/ 64MB DRAM 7200 w/ 128MB DRAM. 64k 128k. 7500 w/ 64MB DRAM 7500 w/ 128MB DRAM. 64k 128k. C6500/7600 Sup1/PFC1 C6500/7600 Sup2/PFC2 C6500 / 7600 Sup720/PFC3b. 32k 32k 256k. 12000 w/ 64MB DRAM 12000 w/ 128MB DRAM. 64k 64k. • Configuration: router(config-if)#ip flow-cache entries <number> MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 81.
(84) Scaling – Sample Traffic Deterministic vs. Random Sampling Deterministic Sampled NetFlow: Sampling 1 out of 8 Packets. NetFlow Always Chooses 8th Packet for Export. NetFlow Always Chooses 8th Packet for Export. Export Flow Random Sampled NetFlow: Sampling 1 out of 8 Packets. NetFlow Randomly Chooses 5th Packet for Export MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. NetFlow Randomly Chooses 2nd Packet for Export. Export Flow © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 82.
(85) Sampled NetFlow Details • Deterministic Cisco C 6500/7600 series switches (12.1(13)E) Cisco 12000 series internet routers (12.0(11)S and 12.0(14)ST). • Random (select packet to export per statistical principles) Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.0(26)S, 12.2S(18), and 12.3(1)T Cisco 800, 1700, 1800, 2600, 2800,3600, 3700, 3800 7200, and 7500 Series Routers Random sampling Cisco 12000 Series 12.0(28)S Cisco 12000 Series deterministic sampling today. • Time-based Cisco C 6500/7600 Series Random and Time based sampling 12.1(13)E MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 83.
(86) Catalyst 6500/7600 Sampled NetFlow • Support for both time and (packet-based) deterministic sampling • Sampling rate is configurable only for the whole box • Accuracy of NetFlow on the platform comes from tuning the aging timers correctly • A way of minimizing packet loss, is using DFC (Distributed Forwarding Card) cards, spreading the incoming packet load evenly onto different VLANs on different cards • Available now in release 12.1(13)E MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 84.
(87) Cisco 12000 Series Internet Routers Sampled NetFlow Engine. “Full” NetFlow. Sampled NetFlow. 0. Supported. Supported. 1. Supported. Supported. 2. Supported. 3. Supported. 4 4+. Supported. Supported. Not Supported. Despite ASIC Support in Engine 2, 3 and 4+ Linecards ‘Full NetFlow’ Still Inflicts a Heavy Burden on Memory and Therefore Sampled NetFlow Is Preferred MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 85.
(88) Sampled NetFlow CPU Reduction 7505 and 3620: CPU Impact Reduced by at Least 75% with Sampling Rate of 100 and 82% with Sampling Rate of 1000 40 35. Full NetFlow. Load [%]. 30 25. 1:100 Sampling. 20 15. 1:1000 Sampling. 10. No NetFlow. 5 0 1 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. 4. 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52. Samples © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 86.
(89) Configuring NetFlow on a Subinterface. New. • Receive NetFlow information only on the specific subinterface(s) of interest • Reduces CPU and memory impact on router as well as export traffic and collector sizing needs Router(config-if)#ip flow ingress. • New “ip flow ingress” command is easier to distinguish between egress NetFlow commands • Same “ip flow ingress” command can now be used to configure NetFlow on the main interface • Available now in releases 12.2(14)S and 12.2(15)T Note: NetFlow Has Always Exported Subinterface Information MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 87.
(90) NetFlow Multiple Export Destinations. New. • Two identical streams of NetFlow data are sent to the two destination hosts (collectors); currently the limit is two destinations router(config)#ip flow-export destination 1.1.1.1 9996 router(config)#ip flow-export destination 2.2.2.2 9997. • Main and aggregation caches supported • Available now in releases 12.0(19)S, 12.0(19)ST, 12.2(2)T and 12.2(14)S • Available in C 6500/7600 in Cat 8.3 and 12.2(14)S on MSFC3 and Sup720 MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 88.
(91) NetFlow Input Filters: Overview. New. • Flow filter prevents flows from entering NetFlow cache • Increases scalability and decreases CPU usage • Filters are based on Quality of Service (QoS) modular QoS Command Line Interface (MQC) class maps • User can match flows from a certain port/source with ACL • Define traffic class (match ACL) and flow sampling per match • Available in release 12.0(27)S, 12.3(4)T, 12.2S(25). Packets. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Traffic Filter High Importance. Sample 1:1 from Server B. Traffic Filter Low Importance. Sample 1:100 from Subnet A. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 89.
(92) New. NetFlow Input Filters: Details • Pre-filters traffic prior to NetFlow processing • Modular QoS command line (MQC) provides the filtering mechanism for NetFlow classification by: IP source and destination addresses Layer 4 protocol and port numbers Incoming interface ToS byte (includes DSCP and IP precedence) MAC address. Layer 2 information (such as Frame Relay DE bits or Ethernet 802.1p bits) Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR). • Ability to sample filtered data at different rates, depending on how interesting the traffic is • Available now in release 12.3(4)T MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 90.
(93) New. NetFlow Input Filters: Example Packets VOIP. Tight Filter for Traffic of High Importance. 1:1 Sampling. VPN. Moderately-Tight for Traffic of Medium Importance. 1:100 Sampling. Default Wide Open Filter for Traffic of Low Importance. 1:10000 Sampling. Best Effort. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. NetFlow Cache. Cisco Internal Use Only. 91.
(94) NetFlow Performance Paper Tests Tests Ran: • Access lists (ACLs) 200 and 500 lines • 0, 1, and 2 NetFlow data export destinations • Initial performance after enabling • V8 Aggregation vs. v5 • Configuring AS origin or peer • Policy Based-Routing (PBR) • “Full” NetFlow vs. 1:100 sampled NetFlow • Platforms: 2600, 3600, 7200 NPE-400 and NSE-1, 7500 RSP8 VIP4-80 with CEF and dCEF, 12000 Engine 1 Linecard dCEF MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 92.
(95) NetFlow Performance Paper Conclusions • Additional CPU utilization Number of Active Flows. Additional CPU Utilization. 10,000. <4%. 45,000. <12%. 65,000. <16%. • NetFlow data export (single/dual) No significant impact. • NetFlow v5 vs. v8:. Impact depending on the number of aggregations enabled. (Additional 6% for multiple aggregations). • NetFlow feature acceleration: >200 lines of ACLs and/or Policy Based-Routing (PBR). • NetFlow vs. sampled NetFlow on the Cisco 12000 series internet routers: 23% vs. 3% (65,000 flows, 1:100) MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 93.
(96) Performance Testing NetFlow Version 9 • Similar CPU and throughput numbers result from configuration of both NetFlow version 5 and 9 • CPU is slightly higher immediately following initial boot up or configuration Caused by sending template flowsets to collector. • BGP Next-Hop performance is almost identical to v5 results, however MPLS-aware NetFlow is a bit more. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 94.
(97) NetFlow Performance Summary • Enabling NetFlow version 5 and exporting increases the CPU utilization by around 15% (with a max of 20% depending on the platform) • Enabling NetFlow version 8 increases the CPU utilization by 2 to 5% above version 5, depending on the number of aggregations enabled • NetFlow is implemented in hardware on the Cat6500/7600 supervisor; only the export takes CPU cycles • NetFlow version 9: similar results as version 5 • Memory usages is 64 bytes per flow; so to have room for 64,000 flows 4 MB of DRAM is required MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 95.
(98) Technical Advice: Reducing Performance Impact Reduce CPU and Memory Impact on the Router, Collector, and Network: • Aging timers • Sampled NetFlow • Leverage distributed architectures (VIP, Linecards) • Flow masks (only C 6500/7600) • Enable on specific subinterface • Aggregation schemes (v8 on router or on collector) • Filters (router or collector) • Data compression (collector) • Increase collection bucket sizes (collector) • Collector and router can be placed on the same LAN segment (network) MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 96.
(99) Export—Collector, NAM and Partners. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 97.
(100) NetFlow Infrastructure Cisco. Cisco and Partners. Partners Network Planning. Accounting Billing. RMON/NAM. Router: • Cache creation • Data export • Aggregation MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. RMON Application. Collector: • Collection • Filtering • Aggregation • Storage © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Applications: • Data processing • Data presentation Cisco Internal Use Only. 98.
(101) NetFlow Collector (NFC) Overview What Does NFC Do? • Collect exported NetFlow records from network elements • Filter • Aggregate flow records • Integrate external data into records, e.g. adding BPG attributes • Map ranges of values from one or more fields to user-defined strings • Compresses records (optionally) • Stores NetFlow accounting records (ASCII or binary) • Web-based GUI (NFC 5.0) to sort, graph, export, filter, and drill down on report data • Export e.g. .csv export to MS Excel MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 99.
(102) NFC 5.0 Features What Is New in NFC 5.0? • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. Web-based user interface XML configuration Report generator MPLS/VPN PE-PE traffic reports BGP peer for attribute correlation Interface name mapping DNS lookup MPLS/EXP support Self-describing header Generic field mapping Max burst rate support V5 sampled NetFlow header support Enhanced logging IPv6 support. Platform Requirements: • Solaris 8/9 • HP-UX 11i • Linux Red Hat Enterprise • Japanese Linux version will be fully supported in NFC 5.1. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Note: 2-4 GB RAM and Dual Processors Recommended © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 100.
(103) NFC 5.0 Key Features: Web-Based Interface NFC Reports Provide the User with the Ability to Sort, Graph, Export, Filter, and Drill Down on Report Data. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 101.
(104) NetFlow on the Network Analysis Module (NAM) • NetFlow collection and analysis combined. RMON/NetFlow Support in NAM GUI Applications. RMON and NF. Hosts. RMON and NF. • NAM offers powerful combination of NetFlow and RMON (mini-RMON, RMON1, RMON2, HCMON, SMON, and DSMON). Conversations. RMON and NF. • RMON2 can provide additional application level visibility (L5-7). • Instant results. Voice. RMON. VLAN. RMON. ART. RMON. DiffServ. RMON. Portstats. RMON. • ART—Application Response Time MIB • Packet decoding • Detail analysis of traffic of interest MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 102.
(105) NetFlow with NAM Web-Based GUI Bar Charts, Pie Charts, Usage, etc…. Drill Down. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Troubleshooting. Setting Alarm Thresholds. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 103.
(106) NetFlow Partners Traffic Analysis. Collection Flow-Tools. Denial of Service. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Billing. Cisco Internal Use Only. 104.
(107) Evolving NetFlow—Deployment and Direction. RST-1061 MPLS Aware IP 9776_05_2004_c1 Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 105.
(108) NetFlow Deployment: Level of Collection Details • Link statistics or traffic details: SA, DA Application details (port numbers) QoS Time stamps Routing and peering. • Layer 2 or Layer 3 information • Export all details or aggregated data records • Data export: push or pull model • Collection interval and history • Consider the generated data volume MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 106.
(109) NetFlow Deployment: Rules of Thumb • Monitor the router CPU (<60%) and memory before enabling NetFlow • For optimized export: aggregate on router/switch rather than on the collector • If exporting version 8 on router don’t also export another version (5, 7, or 9) • Export via a dedicated interface/VLAN for easier troubleshooting and management • Keep collector on LAN interface 1 hop away: Avoid drops WAN interfaces have less bandwidth to afford. • NetFlow export creates ~1% to 1.5% of the interface throughput that NetFlow is enabled on • Enable the ifIndex persistence if accounting per interface MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 107.
(110) NetFlow Deployment: Considerations Edge. Core. Edge. Edge NetFlow positives:. Core NetFlow positives:. • Interface is key field • Full NetFlow and sampled NetFlow options • Account for all CE/end user traffic. • Collectors can be centrally located. Edge considerations: • IP addressing pre or post NAT • Collectors: a) # required b) locations MPLS Aware IP c) aggregating all data. Services, 09/04. • TCP flags tracking on 12000 • IP addressing pre or post NAT. Core considerations: • Sampled NetFlow recommended • Amount of collection information • Missing flows at the edge?. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 108.
(111) New. NetFlow and IPv6 • Collects IPv6 flow records • Based on NetFlow version 9 • Support or both ingress and egress traffic • “Full NetFlow” i.e. non-sampled • Data export is still IPv4 • Available in release 12.3(7)T. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 109.
(112) NetFlow Roadmap Enhancing Cisco Technologies with Flow Accounting. Scalability & Flexibility Nov 2003. Dec 2003. Jan 2004. Feb 2004. Mar 2004. Apr 2004. May 2004. Jun 2004. Optimizing Data for Flow Processing Jul 2004. Aug 2004. Sep 2004. Oct 2004. 12.0(27)S. • NetFlow MIB & Top Talker. Jan 2005. Feb 2005. Mar 2005. Targeting 12.2(Rls7)S. Targeting 12.3(11)T. • NetFlow IPv6. • Flexible Flow Definition. • Egress NetFlow. Reliable Export. Targeting 12.2(25)S • NetFlow MIB & Top Talker • Input Filter. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Dec 2004. • Egress NetFlow. Targeting 12.3(2)T. • Input Filter. Nov 2004. Targeting 12.2(Rls6)S. • Input Filter. 12.3(Rls2)T. Standardization. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Targeting 12.4(Rls1)T Security Exports Cisco Internal Use Only. Security Exports MIB Phase 2. 110.
(113) NetFlow Collection Engine Roadmap. : Committed/Delivered. : Patch. : Not committed. CYQ2-04 CYQ2-04 CYQ3-04 CYQ3-04 CYQ4-04 CYQ4-04 CYQ1-05 CYQ1-05 CYQ2-05 CYQ2-05 CYQ3-05 CYQ3-05 CYQ4-05 CYQ4-05 CYQ1-06 CYQ1-06 CYQ2-06 CYQ2-06 CYQ3-06 CYQ3-06 •Web-Based •Web-Based Interface Interface •VPN •VPN PE-PE PE-PE traffic traffic statistic statistic •DNS •DNS and and Interface Interface name name look look up up •Mac •Mac Burst Burst Rate Rate •QOS •QOS –TOS –TOS byte( byte( include include Exp Exp field) field) •Top •Top N N summary summary •IPv6 •IPv6 •Random •Random Sampling Sampling NetFlow NetFlow •Passive •Passive BGP BGP Peering Peering –– AS AS path path. NFC NFC. 5.0.2 5.0 5.0.1. Radar Radar –– 1) 1) Correlation Correlation Module Module •Cafeteria •Cafeteria style style Aggregation Aggregation PE-PE; PE-PE; CE-PE CE-PE and and PE-CE PE-CE •Traffic •Traffic statistic statistic for for CE-PE; CE-PE; PE-CE PE-CE and and PE-PE PE-PE •Soap •Soap interface interface with with ISC ISC •Interface •Interface via via flat flat file file 2) 2) BGP BGP field field keys keys (case (case AS AS path path changes) changes) 3) 3) NFCs NFCs synchronization synchronization 4) 4) Integration Integration with with Janko Janko and and Japan Japan partners partners 5) 5) Japanese Japanese Linux Linux version version. CC on 07/27/04. 5.1. •SCTP •SCTP –– Prototype Prototype only only •• Web Web GUI GUI Enhancement Enhancement •• Navigation Navigation trees trees (sort (sort node... node... Etc…) Etc…) •• handle handle boundary boundary conditions conditions (out-of-memory (out-of-memory …etc..) …etc..) •• Enhancement Enhancement NFC5.0 NFC5.0 configuration configuration (filters; (filters; aggregators; aggregators; v9 v9 field field format; format; schedule schedule report; report; ..etc..) ..etc..) •GUI •GUI report report for for VPN VPN PE-PE PE-PE report report •Enhancement •Enhancement of of GUI GUI –– Per Per Boeing Boeing requests requests •FlexM •FlexM License License •• BGP BGP attribute attribute available available •• Migration Migration tools tools •• Leverage Leverage in in NMTG NMTG CS CS 4.0 4.0 •Next •Next Gen Gen of of Appliance Appliance MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Radar Radar –– •High •High Availability Availability •Security •Security features features •Flexible •Flexible Flow Flow Definition Definition •NetFlow •NetFlow Egress Egress •Limited •Limited trend trend analysis analysis –– Phase Phase two two •Integration •Integration with with & & subset subset of of NMTG NMTG CS CS 5.0 5.0 •Cisco •Cisco IT IT requirements requirements. 5.1.1. 5.2. Radar Radar ––. Radar Radar •Integration •Integration NAM NAM Blade Blade •Security •Security Features Features •Integration •Integration with with CS CS •Cisco •Cisco IT IT requirements requirements. 6.0 (Sub-set of NMTG CS). •Flexible •Flexible Flow Flow -- FNF FNF •NetFlow •NetFlow Egress Egress •Limited •Limited trend trend analysis analysis –– Phase Phase one one •Integration •Integration with with & & subset subset of of NMTG NMTG CS CS 5.0 5.0. •Target: •Target: FCS FCS Dec, Dec, 04 04 © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 111.
(114) Upcoming New Features: NetFlow Product Update. Future. • NetFlow Security Enhancements (Q2CY2005) New exports and show commands for security monitoring. • Flexible Flow Keys (Q3CY2005) Allow user defined flow keys and aggregation with v.9. • Reliable and Congestion Aware Export (Q2CY2005) SCTP protocol NetFlow export. • NBAR and NetFlow Integration (Radar) Application flow information export. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 112.
(115) Future. SCTP Reliable Transport • Flows may be sent in reliable, unreliable or partial reliable mode. • SCTP connection to collector and multiple streams per connection • Supported with Version 9. Templates may be sent reliably • Congestion Awareness, retransmission and queuing • Releases 12.4(2nd)T, 12.2S(Rls7) Send Queue Template Flow Set (reliable). Data Flow Set (unreliable) Collector Template Flow Set Data Flow Set (no congestion) MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. Data Flow Set (under congestion, potentially dropped) © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 113.
(116) NetFlow Security Enhancement. Future. • New show commands to understand and parse NetFlow data For Example, show flows on port X to destination Y show ip flow top <N> <aggregate-field> <sort-criteria> <match-criteria> show ip flow top 10 destination-address packets interface ser0 port-range 100 to 135. • New Flow export fields including Source Mac, TTL, Packet length, ICMP type, and more • Also will be available in 12.2(rls7)S. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 114.
(117) Future. Flexible Flow Keys Today Fixed 7 Keys • • • • • • •. Source IP address Destination IP address Source port Destination port Layer 3 protocol type TOS byte (DSCP) Input logical interface. Define Any Keys for a Flow • • • • •. Source IP address Destination IP address Source port Destination port …. •Advantages User Defined Flow information Isolate and account for Specific Information Increase performance reduced data in flow Reduced Cache Decrease Flow Export BW New Flow keys possible on ingress and Egress MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 115.
(118) Addressing The Business Needs with NetFlow • Accounting: Primary Cisco accounting technology; Current economic environment drives need to costjustify, and charge for IT network rollout/service provider premium services • Analysis: Key Cisco IOS network management feature for Performance and Fault Management • Traffic matrix: Primary technology for building core traffic matrices • Attack: Primary technology for identifying denial of service attacks MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 116.
(119) NetFlow Summary • NetFlow is a mature Cisco IOS feature (in Cisco IOS since 1996) • NetFlow provides input for Accounting, Performance, Fault, Security, and Billing Applications • Cisco has IETF and industry leadership • NetFlow v9 eases the exporting of additional fields • A lot of new features have been added • Stay tuned for more. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 117.
(120) References • NetFlow www.cisco.com/go/netflow. • Cisco Network Accounting Services Comparison of Cisco NetFlow versus other available accounting technologies www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/iosw/prodlit/ nwact_wp.htm. • Cisco IT Case Study business.cisco.com/prod/tree.taf%3Fasset_id=106882&IT=1042 52&public_view=true&kbns=1.html. • Cisco NetFlow Collector/Analyzer http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/ rtrmgmt/index.htm. • A complete white paper MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/intsolns/netflsol/ nfwhite.htm © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 118.
(121) Q&A. MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 119.
(122) MPLS Aware IP Services, 09/04. © 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.. Cisco Internal Use Only. 120.
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