Appendix 2: Figures and Tables

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Appendix 2: Figures and Tables

Contents Figures

Figure 1 Population that has attained at least upper secondary education (2002) Figure 2 Employment rate by education (2002)

Figure 3 Percentage of 20-to 24-year-olds with low level of educational attainment, who are not in the labour force and who have never had a job, Figure 4 Proficiency of 15-year-olds on the PISA reading literacy scale (2000)

b d (2002)

Figure 5: Differences in unemployment rate by sex and education (2002)

Figure 6 Changes in public spending per pupil/student as a result of various factors between 1995 and 2002. (1995, 2001) Figure 7: Demographic projection for 2012 (Change indicator, 2002=100)

Tables

Education of the population and the labour force Table 1: Educational attainment of the adult population (2002)

Table 2: Percentage of the population aged 20 to 24 having completed at least upper secondary education (EU indicator 4) Table 3: Number of employed persons by highest educational qualification and sex (1992-2002)

Basic skills and competences

Table 4: Percentage of pupils with reading literacy proficiency Level 1 and lower in the PISA reading literacy scale, 2000-2003 Table 5: Variation in performance in reading literacy of 15-year-olds, PISA combined reading scale (2000) (EU indicator 6) Table 6: Variation in performance in mathematical literacy of 15-year-olds, PISA mathematical scale (2000) (EU indicator 7) Table 7: Variation in performance in scientific literacy of 15-year-olds, PISA scientific literacy scale (2000) (EU indicator 8)

Participation in formal education Table 8: Enrolment rates (2002)

Full-time and part-time students in public and private institutions, by age

Table 9: Average number of foreign languages studied per pupil in general lower/upper secondary education (EU indicator 25)

Education after the schooling age

Table 10: Percentage of population aged 25-64, with less than upper secondary education, participating in education and training in the 4 weeks prior to the survey (EU indicator 19a)

Table 11: Percentage of population aged 25-64 participating in education and training 2002, 2003 (EU indicator 19b)

Table 12: Hours in CVT courses per 1000 working hours (only enterprises with CVT courses), all NACE, 1999. (EU Indicator 21)

Table 13: Hours in CVT courses per 1000 working hours (all enterprises), all NACE, 1999. (EU indicator 21)

Table 14: Share of the population aged 18-24 with only lower secondary education and not in education or training 2002 (EU indicator 23)

Return on learning: correlations of employment, demand and education

Table 15: Percentage of 20 to 24-year-olds not in education, by level of educational attainment, gender and work status (EU indicator 23, structural indicator)

Table 16: Economic activity of population by age and sex, 2002*

Framework conditions

Table 17: Internet access of households (1999-2004) EU structural indicator Spending of institutions per pupil/student

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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Korea Norway Japan Czech Republic Slovak Republic Sweden Canada Finland Switzerland United States Denmark Germany Austria New Zealand Hungary France2 Belgium Ireland Netherlands Australia Greece United Kingdom2 Iceland Luxembourg Italy Spain Poland Portugal Turkey Mexico

Figure 1: Population that has attained at least upper secondary education¹ (2002)

1. Except short ISCED 3 programmes

2. Not all ISCED 3 programmes meet the criteria set for ISCED 3C long programmes.

Source: Education at a Glance 2004. OECD. Chart A2.2. Table A2.2. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004 ).

% ▲ Aged 25 to 34 ■ Aged 45 to 54

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20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Iceland Portugal Switzerland Korea Mexico Japan Spain Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Turkey Ireland Sweden Australia Norway Denmark Italy United States France Canada Austria Germany Belgium Finland United Kingdom Czech Republic Poland Hungary Slovak Republic

Upper secondary education

%

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Tertiary education

%

Ranked in descending order of men with low education.

Source: Education at a Glance 2004. OECD. Chart A10.1. Table A10.1a. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004 ).

Figure 2: Employment rate by education (2002) as a percentage of 25 -64-year-olds

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Below upper secondary education

■ Men ■ ^Women

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Figure 3: Percentage of 20-to 24-year-olds with low level of educational attainment, who are not in the labour force and who have never had a job, by gender (2002)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Portugal Spain Sweden Canada Austria France Belgium Germany Italy Ireland United Kingdom Czech Republic Poland Hungary Greece

%

Males Females

Countries are ranked in acsending order of the percentage for the female population . Source : OECD. Table C5.3. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004 ).

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Figure 4: Proficiency of 15-year-olds on the PISA reading literacy scale (2000) Percentage of 15-year-olds at each level of proficiency on the PISA reading literacy scale

Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of students at Levels 3, 4 and 5 on the PISA reading literacy scale.

Source: Education at a Glance 2004. Chart A6.1. Data source: OECD PISA 2000 database. See Annex 3 for notes and methodology (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004 ) and www.pisa.oecd.org .

14 19 18 18 18 17 19 20 20 17 22 22 20 22 21 23 21 26 25 26 22 24 25 26 25 27 30 5 5 7 7 8 9 9 9 9 11 10 11 11 11

12 12 13 12

11 14

13 15 16 16 17 21 28

2

2 3 3 5 3 4 3 8 4 4 6 4 6 6 7 4 6 5

10 9 7 9 10 14 16

1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Finland

Korea

Canada

Japan

Ireland

New Zealand

Australia

United Kingdom

Sweden

Belgium

Austria

Iceland

Norway

France

United States

Denmark

Switzerland

Spain

Czech Republic

Italy

Germany

Poland

Hungary

Greece

Portugal

Luxembourg

Mexico

%

Below Level 1 Level 1 Level 2

29 39 28

33 30 25 26 27

30 26

30 31 28

31 27

29 28 33 31 31 27

28 29 28 27 25 19

32 31 28

29 27 26

25 24

26 26

25 24 24

24 21

22 21

21 20 19 19

19 18 17 17 11 6

18 6 17

10 14 19 18 16 11 12

9 9 11 8 12

8 9

4 7 5 9 6 5 5 4 2 1

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

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Figure 5: Differences in unemployment rate by sex and education (2002) as a percentage of 25 -64-year-olds

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Sweden United States Korea Mexico Germany Norway Japan Hungary United Kingdom Austria Finland Canada Denmark Ireland Iceland Luxembourg Switzerland Australia Portugal Slovak Republic Netherlands New Zealand Belgium Poland Czech Republic France Italy Turkey Spain Greece

Source: Education at a Glance 2004. OECD. Tables A10.1.a and A10.1b. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004 ).

Higher unemployment rate of women

percentage point

Higher unemployment rate of men

■ Tertiary education ■ Upper secondary and post-secondary education ■ Below upper secondary education

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80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190

Norw ay2

Czech Re public

Switzerland 1,2

Sweden Germ

any

United K ingdom

Finland Italy1,2

Franc e

United S tates

Slovak R epublic

Hunga ry1

Denm ark3

Japa n3

Netherl ands

Mexico Spain2

Australia Greec

e2 Ireland

Tur key1,2

Poland1,2 Portugal Index of change (1995=100)

Change in expenditure Change in the number of students Change in expenditure per student

1. Public institutions only.

2. Public expenditure only.

3. Post-secondary non-tertiary included in both upper secondary and tertiary education.

4. Post-secondary non-tertiary included in tertiary education.

Countries are ranked in ascending order of changes in expenditure on educational institutions per student.

Source : OECD. Table B1.5. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004 ).

60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190

Czech Re public

Poland1, 2

Mexico Hunga

ry1 Norw

ay2 Australia

United K ingdom

Finland

Slovak R epublic

Sweden Netherl

ands Germ

any Austria

United S tates

Portugal Franc

e Japa

n3 Italy1 Denm

ark3

Switzerland 1,2

Greec e2

Spain Ireland

Tur key1 Index of change (1995=100)

Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education

Tertiary education

Figure 6. Changes in expenditure on educational institutions per student relative to different factors, by level of education (1995, 2001)

Index of change between 1995 and 2001 (1995=100, 2001 constant prices )

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Countries are ranked in descending order of the change in the size of the 5 to 14-year-old population.

Source: Education at a Glance 2004. OECD. Figure A1.3.

Data source: OECD.

Figure 7. Expected demographic changes within the youth population over the next decade (2002-2012)

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

Luxembourg Ireland France United States Portugal Netherlands Spain Turkey Mexico Denmark Japan Australia New Zealand Greece Norway Belgium Italy Iceland Finland United Kingdom Germany Sweden Canada Korea Austria Switzerland Slovak Republic Czech Republic Hungary Poland Ages 5-14

2002=100

60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

2002=100

60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

2002=100

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Table 1: Educational attainment of the adult population (2002)

Percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 by highest educational attainment

ISCED 3C short

ISCED 3C

long/ 3B ISCED 3A

Type B (ISCED 5B)

Type A and advanced research programmes (ISCED 5A and 6)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Australia x(2) 39 a 11 19 x(5) 11 20 61 31

Austria x(2) 22 a 49 7 7 7 7 77 14

Belgium 19 21 a 8 24 1 15 13 61 28

Canada 6 12 a x(5) 28 12 22 21 87 43

Czech Republic n 12 x(4) 43 33 x(5) x(8) 12 88 12

Denmark n 20 x(2) 46 5 1 20 8 80 27

Finland x(2) 25 a a 42 n 17 16 75 33

France 17 18 27 3 10 n 12 12 64 24

Germany 2 15 a 52 3 5 10 13 83 23

Greece 37 10 2 2 25 5 6 13 53 18

Hungary 2002 3 26 a 29 27 2 n 14 72 14

Hungary 2003 2 24 a 29 28 2 n 15 74 15

Iceland 2 32 7 a 23 10 6 20 66 26

Ireland 21 18 a a 23 12 10 16 61 25

Italy 20 33 2 6 26 2 x(8) 10 46 10

Japan x(2) 16 a x(5) 47 x(9) 16 20 83 36

Korea 15 15 a x(5) 45 a 8 18 71 26

Luxembourg 23 15 5 21 14 3 7 12 62 19

Mexico 73 14 a 7 a a 3 2 12 6

Netherlands 12 22 x(4) 24 13 5 3 22 67 24

New Zealand x(2) 24 a 21 18 8 15 15 77 30

Norway n 13 a 40 12 3 3 28 86 31

Poland x(2) 18 35 a 31 4 x(8) 12 82 12

Portugal 67 13 x(5) x(5) 11 x(5) 2 7 20 9

Slovak Republic 1 13 x(4) 40 35 x(5) 1 10 86 11

Spain 32 26 n 6 11 n 7 17 41 24

Sweden 8 10 a x(5) 49 x(7) 15 18 82 33

Switzerland 3 12 2 44 6 7 9 16 85 25

Turkey 65 10 a 6 10 a x(8) 9 25 9

United Kingdom n 16 19 22 15 x(9) 8 19 83 27

United States 5 8 x(5) x(5) 49 x(5) 9 29 87 38

OECD country mean 2002 14 19 3 17 23 3 8 15 67 23

OECD country mean 2003 14 17 3 16 22 3 8 15 64 0

Source: Education at a Glance 2004. OECD. Table A1.1.

At least (upper) secondary education

Tertiary education Primary education

(ISCED 0-1)

Lower secondary education (ISCED2) Country

Tertiary education Post-

secondary non-tertiary

education (ISCED 4) Upper secondary education

Forrás: OECD. Annex 3 tartalmazza az egyes országok programjainak ISCED-97 szeritni besorolásait (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2004).

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Table 2: Percentage of the population aged 20 to 24 having completed at least upper secondary education (EU indica

Completion of upper secondary education European Benchmark 2010: 85%

Total Female Male

Belgium BE 81,1 81,3 84,6 78

Czech Republic CZ 91,7 92 91,4 92,7

Denmark DK 79,6 74,4 76,2 72,6

Germany DE 73,3 72,5 73,4 71,6

Estonia EE 80,4 81,4 84,2 78,5

Greece EL 81,3 81,7 86,9 76,5

Spain ES 64,9 63,4 70,1 57,1

France FR 81,7 80,9 83 78,8

Ireland IE 83,9 85,7 89 82,3

Italy IT 69,1 69,9 73,4 66,4

Cyprus CY 85,3 82,2 87,8 76,1

Latvia LV 73,2 74 79,7 68,5

Lithuania LT 79,3 82,1 85,8 78,3

Luxemburg LU 69,8 69,8 65,5 74

Hungary HU 85,8 85 86,1 83,9

Malta MT 39 43 46,2 39,8

Nehterlands NL 73,3 73,3 76,7 70

Austria AT 85 83,8 82,2 85,4

Poland PL 88,1 88,8 54,7 86,1

Portugal PT 43,7 47,7 54,7 40,7

Slovenia SI 90 90,7 94,2 87,4

Slovakia SK 94 94,1 94,2 94,1

Finland FI 86,2 85,2 87,9 82,5

Sweden SE 86,7 85,6 87,1 84,1

United Kingdom UK 77,2 78,2 78,1 78,2

EU25 average EU25 76,6 76,7 79,2 74,2

Iceland IS 51,1 51,1 59 43,6

Liechtenstein LI : : : :

Norway NO 94,9 93,3 94,4 92,2

Bulgaria BG 77,5 75,6 77,4 73,9

Croatia HR : : : :

Romania RO 75,3 73,8 74,8 72,8

Turkey TR : : : :

Japan JP : : : :

USA

Source: Eurostat, Labour force survey, 2002.,

Country Country code 2003

2002

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Table 3: Number of employed persons by highest educational qualification and sex (1992-2002)

Less than 8 grades of primary 71,3 15,1 16,0 11,9 3,30 0,7 0,8 0,6

school

Primary school 488,7 321,4 314,3 295,5 22,61 15,3 14,9 14,0

Vocational school and special vocational school (ISCED 3C) 761,6 878,1 903,5 912,3 35,24 41,7 42,7 43,2

Secondary school (ISCED 3A) 520,9 561,2 550,4 557,9 24,10 26,7 26,0 26,4

College 155,9 163,8 164,9 174,6 7,21 7,8 7,8 8,3

University 162,8 166,2 164,6 160,3 7,53 7,9 7,8 7,6

Total 2.161,2 2.105,8 2.113,7 2.112,5 100,00 100,0 100,0 100,0

school

Primary school 540,7 323,5 325,6 317,4 29,00 18,5 18,6 18,1

Vocational school and special vocational school (ISCED 3C) 316,5 367,9 373,8 378,1 16,98 21,0 21,3 21,5

Secondary school (ISCED 3A) 671,3 711,5 707,0 706,8 36,00 40,6 40,3 40,2

College 174,8 226,1 232,7 242,1 9,38 12,9 13,3 13,8

University 90,4 109,5 105,2 105,3 4,85 6,3 6,0 6,0

Total 1.864,5 1.750,4 1.754,6 1.758,1 100,00 100,0 100,0 100,0

school

Primary school 1.029,4 644,9 639,9 612,9 25,57 16,7 16,5 15,8

Vocational school and special vocational school (ISCED 3C) 1.078,1 1.246,0 1.277,3 1.290,4 26,78 32,3 33,0 33,3

Secondary school (ISCED 3A) 1.192,2 1.272,7 1.257,4 1.264,7 29,61 33,0 32,5 32,7

College 330,7 389,9 397,6 416,7 8,21 10,1 10,3 10,8

University 253,2 275,7 269,8 265,6 6,29 7,1 7,0 6,9

Total 4.025,7 3.856,2 3.868,3 3.870,6 100,00 100,0 100,0 100,0

thousands % of the employed population

1992 2000 2001 2002

Male

Female

Together (M+F)

Highest educational qualification

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o g

-

Table 4: Percentage of pupils with reading literacy proficiency Level 1 and lower in the PISA reading literacy scale, 2000-200

Key competencies European Benchmark 2010: 15,5

Country Country code

2000 2003

% of 15-year olds below Reading Proficiency

Level 2

% of 15-year-olds below Reading

Proficiency Level 2 Percent

Total Boys Girls

Below Proficiency

Level 1

At Proficiency Level 1

Belgium BE 19.0 17.8 22.4 12.9 7.8 10.0

Czech Repub CZ 17.5 19.4 23.5 14.9 6.5 12.9

Denmark DK 17.9 16.5 20.5 12.7 4.6 11.9

Germany DE 22.6 22.3 28.0 16.3 9.3 13.0

Estonia EE : : : : :

Greece EL 24.4 25.2 32.6 18.5 10.2 15.0

Spain ES 16.3 21.1 27.9 14.5 7.4 13.7

France FR 15.2 17.5 23.5 12.1 6.3 11.2

Ireland IE 11.0 11.0 14.3 7.7 2.7 8.3

Italy IT 18.9 23.9 31.0 17.2 9.1 14.8

Cyprus CY : : : : : :

Latvia LV 30.1 18.0 25.0 11.6 13.0 5.0

Lithuania LT : : : : : :

Luxembourg LU (35.1) 22.7 28.6 17.2 8.7 14.0

Hungary HU 22.7 20.5 25.6 14.9 6.1 14.4

Malta MT : : : : : :

Netherlands NL (9.5) 11.5 14.3 8.6 2.1 9.4

Austria AT 14.6 20.7 28.2 13.1 7.3 13.4

Poland PL 23.2 16.8 23.4 10.2 5.3 11.5

Portugal PT 26.3 22.0 29.4 15.1 7.6 14.4

Slovenia SI : : : : : :

Slovakia SK : 24.9 31.0 18.5 8.0 16.9

Finland FI 7.0 5.7 9.0 2.4 1.1 4.6

Sweden SE 12.6 13.3 17.7 8.7 3.9 9.4

United Kingd UK 12.8 : : : : :

EU 25 avera EU25 19.4 19.8 25.6 14.0 7.3 12.5

Iceland IS 14.5 18.5 26.9 9.5 6.7 12.8

Liechtenstein LI 22.1 10.4 12.6 8.0 2.5 7.9

Norway NO 17.5 18.2 24.8 11.3 6.4 11.8

Bulgaria BG 40.3 : : : : :

Romania RO 41.3 : : : : :

Turkey TR : 36.8 44.1 27.8 12.5 24.3

Japan JP 10.1 19.0 23.2 15.1 7.4 11.6

USA US 17.9 19.4 24.3 14.4 6.5 12.9

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Table 5: Variation in performance in reading literacy of 15-year-olds, PISA combined reading scale (2000) (EU indica Variation in performance in reading literacy of 15-year-olds (2000)

Score Standard

error Score Standard

error Score Standard error OECD countries

Australia 528,3 (3,5) 101,8 (1,6) 394,2 (4,4) 655,58 4,19

Austria 507,1 (2,4) 93,0 (1,6) 383,1 (4,2) 620,76 3,24

Belgium 507,1 (3,6) 107,0 (2,4) 354,2 (8,9) 633,56 2,54

Canada 534,3 (1,6) 94,6 (1,1) 409,9 (2,4) 651,79 1,94

Czech Republic 491,6 (2,4) 96,3 (1,9) 367,9 (4,9) 609,61 3,19

Denmark 496,9 (2,4) 98,1 (1,8) 367,1 (5,0) 616,77 2,89

Finland 546,5 (2,6) 89,4 (2,6) 429,0 (5,1) 653,57 2,77

France 504,7 (2,7) 91,7 (1,7) 380,9 (5,2) 618,51 2,9

Germany 484,0 (2,5) 111,2 (1,9) 335,4 (6,3) 619,46 2,79

Greece 473,8 (5,0) 97,1 (2,7) 342,4 (8,4) 594,69 5,13

Hungary 480,0 (4,0) 93,9 (2,1) 354,0 (5,5) 598,35 4,38

Iceland 506,9 (1,5) 92,4 (1,4) 383,4 (3,6) 620,96 3,54

Ireland 526,7 (3,2) 93,6 (1,7) 401,3 (6,4) 641,14 4,04

Italy 487,5 (2,9) 91,4 (2,7) 367,5 (5,8) 601,15 2,74

Japan 522,2 (5,2) 85,8 (3,0) 407,1 (9,8) 624,92 4,55

Korea 524,8 (2,4) 69,5 (1,6) 432,8 (4,4) 608,17 2,94

Luxembourg 441,3 (1,6) 100,4 (1,5) 311,2 (4,4) 564,41 2,79

Mexico 422,0 (3,3) 85,9 (2,1) 311,3 (3,4) 534,67 5,46

New Zealand 528,8 (2,8) 108,2 (2,0) 381,9 (5,2) 660,85 4,44

Norway 505,3 (2,8) 103,7 (1,7) 363,8 (5,5) 631,36 3,08

Poland 479,1 (4,5) 99,8 (3,1) 343,0 (6,8) 603,07 6,57

Portugal 470,2 (4,5) 97,1 (1,8) 337,3 (6,2) 592,12 4,16

Spain 492,6 (2,7) 84,7 (1,2) 378,7 (5,0) 597,11 2,6

Sweden 516,3 (2,2) 92,2 (1,2) 391,5 (4,0) 630,27 2,89

Switzerland 494,4 (4,3) 102,0 (2,0) 355,5 (5,8) 620,9 5,48

United Kingdom 523,4 (2,6) 100,5 (1,5) 390,7 (4,1) 650,66 4,29

United States 504,4 (7,1) 104,8 (2,7) 363,0 (11,4) 635,72 6,51

OECD country mean 500,0 (0,6) 100,0 (0,4) 365,9 (1,1) 622,72 0,78

OECD total 498,8 (2,0) 100,3 (0,8) 363,3 (3,3) 622,44 1,95

EU average 500,0 (1,0) 100,0 (2,0) 369 (2,0) 621,0 (3,5)

European partner countries

Bulgaria 430,0 (4,9) 102,0 (3,0) 295,0 (6,6) 560,00 7,4

Latvia 458,1 (5,3) 102,2 (2,3) 322,0 (8,2) 586,34 5,84

Liechtenstein 482,6 (4,1) 96,2 (3,9) 349,7 (11,8) 601,28 7,1

Source: Literacy skills for the world of tomorrow. OECD 2003. Table 2.3a, EAG 2004. Table A6.2

90th percentile Country

Mean Standard deviation 10th percentile

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Table 6: Variation in performance in mathematical literacy of 15-year-olds, PISA mathematical scale (2000) (EU indicator 7)

Score Standard

error Score Standard

error Score Standard error

Australia 533,3 3,5 90,0 1,6 418,1 6,4 647,3 5,7

Austria 515,0 2,5 92,4 1,7 392,1 4,6 630,6 3,6

Belgium 519,6 3,9 106,2 2,9 367,1 8,6 646,1 3,9

Canada 533,0 1,4 84,6 1,1 423,0 2,5 639,7 1,9

Czech Republic 497,6 2,8 96,3 1,9 371,7 4,2 622,5 4,8

Denmark 514,5 2,4 86,6 1,7 401,5 5,1 620,6 3,7

Finland 536,2 2,2 80,3 1,4 433,1 3,6 636,6 3,2

France 517,2 2,7 89,3 1,9 398,6 5,4 629,3 3,2

Germany 489,8 2,5 102,5 2,4 348,9 6,9 619,0 3,6

Greece 446,9 5,6 108,3 2,9 303,4 8,1 585,7 7,8

Hungary 488,0 4,0 97,9 2,4 359,7 5,7 615,0 6,4

Iceland 514,4 2,3 84,6 1,4 406,5 4,7 621,9 3,1

Ireland 502,9 2,7 83,6 1,8 394,4 4,7 606,2 4,3

Italy 457,4 2,9 90,4 2,4 338,5 5,5 569,7 4,4

Japan 556,6 5,5 86,9 3,1 440,4 9,1 662,1 4,9

Korea 546,8 2,8 84,3 2,0 438,3 5,0 649,5 4,3

Luxembourg 445,7 2,0 92,6 1,8 327,5 4,2 558,8 3,2

Mexico 387,3 3,4 82,7 1,9 280,7 3,6 496,1 5,6

New Zealand 536,9 3,1 98,7 1,9 405,3 5,4 659,2 4,2

Norway 499,4 2,8 91,6 1,7 379,1 5,2 613,2 4,5

Poland 470,1 5,5 102,5 3,8 335,3 9,2 599,4 7,7

Portugal 453,7 4,1 91,3 1,8 331,8 6,1 569,8 4,3

Spain 476,3 3,1 90,5 1,5 358,3 4,3 591,8 3,9

Sweden 509,8 2,5 93,4 1,6 386,3 4,0 625,6 3,3

Switzerland 529,3 4,4 99,6 2,2 397,7 6,0 653,1 5,8

United Kingdom 529,2 2,5 91,7 1,6 411,9 3,6 646,0 4,3

United States 493,2 7,6 98,3 2,4 360,8 9,6 620,3 7,7

OECD country mean 500,0 0,7 100,0 0,4 366,8 1,4 624,8 0,9

OECD total 497,5 2,1 103,2 0,9 357,9 3,4 627,5 1,9

EU average 499,0 1,1 m m 369,0 2,4 623,0 1,5

European partner countries

Bulgaria 430,0 5,7 110,0 3,5 283,0 8,1 568,0 8,3

Latvia 462,8 4,5 103,2 2,6 328,2 8,9 593,3 5,6

Liechtenstein 514,1 7,0 95,7 6,0 380,2 18,9 634,6 16,9

Source: Literacy skills for the world of tomorrow. OECD 2003. Table 3.1, EAG 2004, Table A7.1

Standard deviation 10th percentile 90th percentile Country

Mean