WELCOME TO OUR CLASS!

WELCOME TO OUR CLASS!

Teacher: Darryl & Luiza

Revision of topics from the first part of Module 8:

● What is the Reported Speech

● Time Expressions

● Reported Questions

● Reported Requests

● Reported Orders

● Reported Suggestions

WHAT IS THE

REPORTED SPEECH?

WHAT IS THE REPORTED SPEECH?

The simple reason and use case for the Reported Speech, is that we want to tell person B what we heard from person A. And to do this we must use Reporting Verbs like ‘say’ and ‘tell’.

Direct Speech: Jessica wants to eat a chocolate (what person A said)

Reported Speech: She said (that) she wanted to eat chocolate (what is told to person B)

Key takeaways:

● Pronouns ALWAYS change.

● Move the Reported sentence back one tense. e.g. Present → Past

● “that” is an optional word to place between SAID and the PRONOUN

WHAT IS THE REPORTED SPEECH?

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

I He / She

My His / Her

You He / She / They

Your / Yours Their / Theirs

He / She / It He / She / It

PRONOUNS IN THE REPORTED SPEECH

WHAT IS THE REPORTED SPEECH?

PRONOUNS IN THE REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

We They

They They

Us Them

Our Their

His / Hers / Its His / Hers / Its

WHAT IS THE REPORTED SPEECH?

TENSE CHANGES

TENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Present Simple I like chocolate He said (that) he likes chocolate

Present Continuous I am living in Durban He said (that) he was living in Durban

Past Simple I lived in Durban

He said (that) he lived in Durban OR He said (that) he had lived in

Durban

* These do not change

at all.

WHAT IS THE REPORTED SPEECH?

TENSE CHANGES

* These do not change at all.

TENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Past Continuous I was swimming in the sea He said (that) he had been swimming in the sea

Present Perfect I haven’t run the race He said (that) he hadn’t run the race

Past Perfect * I had played video games before

He said (that) she had played video games before

WHAT IS THE REPORTED SPEECH?

TENSE CHANGES

* These do not change at all.

TENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Shall I shall arrive at 15:00 He said (that) he would arrive at 15:00

Should * I should pay my taxes He said (that) he should pay his taxes

Might * I might play golf He said (that) he might play golf

TIME EXPRESSIONS

TIME EXPRESSIONS

We don’t always Report an occurrence immediately after it happened. It could be minutes, hours days, or even years. So when necessary, we need to make the appropriate changes.

Direct Speech: He is playing golf tomorrow. (Said about John today, Monday)

Reported Speech:

Monday: John said he will play golf tomorrow.

Tuesday: John said he will play golf today.

Wednesday: John said he would play golf yesterday.

A week later: John said he would play golf on that day.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

Notice the change between the use of the future verb will and it’s past tense would. We must always be attentive to these changes as they become necessary.

Please remember to refer to the Time Expressions conversion chart from the first Report Speech class for reference.

The simple reminder is this when thinking of Direct Speech to Reported Speech:

Present Simple → Past Simple

Past Simple → Past Perfect

REPORTED QUESTIONS

REPORTED QUESTIONS

When reporting on questions, it structurally changes from a question to an affirmative statement.

We do this by inverting the subject and the verb to be, and placing the verb to be in it’s past tense. We also make use of a different verb that implies a question is being asked, such as ask or enquire.

Direct Question: Where is the laser printer?

Reported Question: He asked where the laser printer was.

Direct Question: How can he say that?

Reported Question: He asked how he could say that.

REPORTED QUESTIONS

When we use DO as a question word, it needs to be removed:

Direct Question: When did you study fine art?

Reported Question: She enquired when she studied fine art.

For yes/no questions we use the conditional if:

Direct Question: Do you enjoy hamburgers?

Reported Question: She asked me if I enjoy hamburgers.

Direct Question: Have you ever tried eating mopane worms?

Reported Question: They asked me if I’d tried eating mopane worms.

REPORTED REQUESTS

REPORTED REQUESTS

Here, a request is really interpreted as a politely asked questions.

Regardless how the question is asked (as there are various polite ways to ask the same question), the response structure is the same.

ask pronoun (not) + to + verb (infinitive)

Direct Request: Could you please make some dinner?

Reported Request: He asked me to make some dinner.

Direct Request: Would you mind not washing the dishes?

Reported Request: She asked him not to wash the dishes.

Reported Request: She asked if he would mind not washing the dishes.

REPORTED ORDERS

REPORTED ORDERS

Orders are essentially more direct, or possibly ruder, ways of making a request where the person is not really given a choice in the matter. Think of it as “I’m not asking you, I’m telling you”.

The structure is EXACTLY the same as a Report Request, the only change is that use tell instead of ask.

Direct Order: Go away!

Reported Order: He told me to go away.

Direct Order: Don’t eat that!

Reported Order: She told me not to eat that.

REPORTED SUGGESTIONS

REPORTED SUGGESTIONS

Here we report suggestions or recommendations. Although, should the need arise, we can use a stronger, more forceful, insisted or demanded.

Direct Suggestion: He should practice his Portuguese more often.

Reported Suggestion: She suggested that Robert practices his Portuguese more often.

Direct Suggestion: You must pay your taxes.

Reported Suggestion: They demanded she pay her taxes.

SEE YOU!!