A.
A. SISILO CONLO CONFIGFIGURAURATITIONON
1.
1. MaterialMaterial ==
22.. WWeeiigghht t oof f MMaatteerriiaal l SSttoorreed d iin n SSttoorraagge e SSiilloo == 33.. TThhiicckknneesss s oof f RRCCC C WWaalll l oof f SSttoorraagge e SSiilloo == 44.. AAvveerraagge e tthhiicckknneesss s oof f TToop p SSllaab b oof f SSiilloo == 55. t. thhiicckknneesss s oof f IInnvveerrtteed d CCoonnee == 66. E. ELL. . oof f FFllaat t SSllaab b BBttoooom m aabboovve e GGLL == 77. E. ELL. . oof f TToop p oof f TToop p SSllaab b aabboovve e GGLL == 88.. MMaaxx. . LLeevveel l oof f FFiilllliinng g bbeelloow w SSiillo o TToopp == 9.
9. HeHeigight ht of of avav. . MaMateteririal al StStororagage e frfrom om FlFlat at SlSlaabb == 1100.. IInntteerrnnaal l DDiiaammeetteer r oof f SSttoorraagge e ssiilloo DD == 11.
11. AnglAngle of Repoe of Reposese ffr r == 12.
12. Mean AnglMean Angle of Interne of Internal Frictioal Frictionn ffmm == 13.
13. Slenderness Ratio (hSlenderness Ratio (hcc/ d/ dc)c) ==
1144.. SSiillo o TTyyppee = S= Slleennddeer r ssiilloo 15.
15. TemperTemperature ature of of Hot Hot MaterMaterial ial insideinside TTii == 16.
16. TemperTemperature ature of of Outside Outside AtmospAtmospherehere TT00 == 17.
17. Bulk DensitBulk Density of Stored May of Stored Materiateriall ll == 1188.. MMaaxxiimmuum m hht t oof f FFllaat t SSllaabb == 19.
19. SeisSeismic Zomic Zonene IIIIII ZZ ==
2200. L. Liivve e LLooaadds s oon n OOppeerraattiinng g FFlloooorrss == FGLFGL 2211.. BBaassiic c WWiinnd d ssppeeeedd ==
22
22.. GrGradade of Ce of Cononc. fc. for wor walall (Chl (Chararacacteteririststic Stic Strerengngthth)) == 2233. E. Ell. . oof f TToop p oof f FFllaat t SSllaab b aabboovve e GGLL == 24.
24. Angle of Angle of InvertInverted Coneed Cone aa == 2255.. ThThiiccknkneesss os of Rf RCC CC WWaall ll bbeelloow Cw Coonne Se Suuppppoorrtt == 2266. A. Axxiiaal l FFoorrcce e IImmppoosseed d oon n FFttoopp == 2277. Y. Yiieelld d SSttrreesss s oof f RReeiinnffoocceemmeenntt == 28.
28. Grade Grade of of Conc. Conc. For For foundafoundation tion == 29.
29. Maximum Maximum eccenteccentricity ricity of of fillingfilling eef f == MM 30.
30. Maximum Maximum eccenteccentricity ricity of of outletoutlet ee00 == MM
B.
B. CAPCAPACIACITY CALCTY CALCULAULATITIONON V
Voolluumme e aabboovve e ccoonnee == MM33 T
TOOTTAALL == MM33
W
Weeiigghht t oof f mmaatteerriiaal l == TT Coonnssiiddeerriinng C g ddeennssiitty y oof f mmaatteerriiaall 1.21.2 from capacity considerationfrom capacity consideration W
Weeiigghht t oof f mmaatteerriiaal l == TT Coonnssiiddeerriinng C g ddeennssiitty y oof f mmaatteerriiaall 11..44 ffoor r ssttrruuccttuurraal l ddeessiiggnn C.
C. DESDESIGIGN OF SN OF SILILO WAO WALLLL
Design parameters to determine Silo Forces Design parameters to determine Silo Forces
((aa)) == PPllaan n CCrroossss--sseeccttiioonnaal l aarreea a oof f tthhe e SSiilloo == MM22 ((bb)) == IInntteerrnnaal l DDiiaammeetteer r oof f tthhe e SSiillo o ( ( BBiin n ) ) == MM ((cc)) == MMaaxx. . DDiiaa. . oof f tthhe e CCiirrcclle e tthhaat t ccaan n bbe e iinnssccrriibbeed d iin n tthhe e BBiinn == MM
((dd)) == HHeeiigghhttooff tthheeBBiinn == MM
((ee)) = I= Inntteerrnnaal l ppeerriimmeetteer r oof f tthhe e SSiilloo == MM
((ff)) == AA//UU == MM
((gg)) == BBuullk k DDeennssiitty y oof f SSttoorreed d MMaatteerriiaall == T/MT/M33 ((hh)) == MMaaxxiimmuum m ddeepptth h bbeelloow w tthhe e EEqquuiivvaalleennt t SSuurrffaacce e oof f tthhe e SSoolliidd == MM
((ii)) == MMeeaan n aanngglle e oof f iinntteerrnnaal l ffrriiccttiioonn == OO ((jj)) == Maximum angle of internal friction (aMaximum angle of internal friction (affXX ffimim)) == OO ((kk)) == Minimum angle of internal friction (Minimum angle of internal friction ( ffimim/ a/ aff)))) == OO
25708 25708 1.40 1.40 46.18 46.18 25 25 30.50 30.50 20.49 20.49 70.69 70.69 Raw Meal Raw Meal M M 70.00 70.00 MM 2222..5500 0.15 0.15 T/M T/M22 41 41 M/secM/sec 25 25 22.5 22.5 MM 25 25 00 20 20 TonTon 2.05 2.05 21.016 21.016 MM 60 60 oo 500 500 mmmm 1 1 1 1 3 3 . . 6 6 7 7 5 5 T/M T/M33 397.608 397.608 22.50 22.50 18363 18363 18363 18363 R R l l Z Z 22036 22036 T/M T/M33 25 25 00 25 25 N/mmN/mm22 300 300 N/mmN/mm22 22.50 22.50 48.98 48.98 5.63 5.63 T/M T/M33 0 0 46.18 46.18 4 4 6 6 . . 1 1 8 8 2 2 1 1 . . 0 0 1 1 6 6 0.16 0.16 mm mm 500 500 mmmm 00..44 0 0 f fimim f f (max)(max) f f (min)(min) 21.02 21.02 -0.6 -0.6 oo C C 1.4 1.4 A A D D dd hh U U M M 0 0 . . 1 1 5 5 20000 20000 TonTon 120 120 oo C C 2 2 . . 8 8 0 0 400 400 mmmm 150 150 0.500 0.500 00..000000 MM N/mm N/mm22 M M ddcc
(l) = Mean lateral pressure ratio =
(m) = Maximum lateral pressure ratio (KmX ak) =
(n) = Minimum lateral pressure ratio (Km/ ak) =
(o) = Mean wall friction coefficient for solid sliding on the vertical wall =
(p) = Maximum wall friction coefficient (mmX am) =
(q) = Minimum wall friction coefficient (mm/ am) =
(r) = Patch load solid reference factor =
1) For maximum normal pressure on vertical wall m (min), K (max) & f (min) shall be used 2) For maximum frictional traction on vertical wall m (max), K (max) & f (min) shall be used 3) For maximum vertical load on silo bottom m (min), K (min) & f (max) shall be used
1. Determination of Lateral pressure, Vertical pressure and Frictional traction for Symmetrical filling load condition = Horizontal pressure at depth Z = Pho*Y j(z) (T/M2)
= Wall friction traction at depth Z = m*Pho*Y j(z) (T/M2) = Vertical pressure at depth Z = (Pho/ K)*Y j(z) (T/M2)
= The resulting characteristic value of the vertical force in the wall after filling at depth Z = m*Pho*(z-zo*Y j(z)) T/M = (1 / (K*m))*(A / U) M
= l*K*zo (T/M2)
= 1 - e(-Z / Zo)
= M ( for maximum normal pressure calculation ) = M ( for maximum frictional traction calculation ) = M ( for maximum vertical load calculation )
= (T/M2
) ( for maximum normal pressure calculation )
= (T/M2
) ( for maximum frictional traction calculation )
= (T/M2
) ( for maximum vertical load calculation ) Z Z / Z0 Z / Z0 Z / Z0 1 -e(Z/Zo) 1 -e(Z/Zo) 1 -e(Z/Zo) ( M )
2. Determination of Lateral patch pressure in wall for filling patch load condition Silo Type = Thick walled circular silo
= Filling outward patch pressure = Cpf *Phf 0.729 0.761 0.789 0.884 0.911 0.906 0.923 0.938 Vertical Phf Pwf Pvf (T/M2) (T/M2) (T/M2) 0.847 0.161 13.45 7.38 0.56 0.599 0.523 0.00 3.35 1.97 5.37 7.55 14.12 13.71 0.959 Ppf 1.934 42.98 2.423 2.774 39.98 2.242 2.566 1.431 1.557 1.682 0.614 0.873 0.894 0.929 1.054 1.180 0.703 30.98 1.699 1.945 27.98 1.518 1.738 48.98 2.785 3.188 0.938 1.337 1.880 2.152 0.391 0.505 0.433 0.496 18.98 0.976 1.117 15.98 0.795 1.156 1.324 9.98 24.98 2.80 21.98
c
op Note: zo Phf (z) Pwf (z) Pho Y j(z) zo 16.59 m (max) m (min) mm K (max) 0.000Vertical Normal Friction
0.54 163.74 182.95 222.13 0.814 0.00 15.0469 nzSk Normal Friction 0.803 0.737 0.781 1.305 0.817 0.677 6.49 6.75 0.424 0.492 nzSk (T/M) 0.00 3.78 0.00 0.000 0.000 36.98 2.061 2.359 33.98 zo zo K (min) 0.450 Km 126.40 144.87 14.49 23.8839 Pho Pho Pho 15.0469 13.14 0.000 Pvf (z) 0.000 0.693 91.07 0.5 0.000 108.43 0.648 10.44 19.72 31.13 44.26 58.79 74.47 0.223 3.08 5.30 5.78 6.17 5.29 3.97 4.70 6.90 0.347 10.31 0.652 1.531 0.251 0.597 0.175 0.301 0.426 0.552 0.351 0.459 0.548 0.623 0.685 0.260 0.605 6.98 0.252 0.289 0.910 12.98 28.60 0.855 6.96 7.13 7.27 0.673 0.734 0.784 0.824 0.857 12.30 11.75 8.25 24.37 25.44 26.39 8.68 13.13 12.75 27.22 0.552 11.10 9.37 11.60 14.18 16.45 18.46 20.23 21.79 23.16
= Local filling pressure
= Patch load solid reference factor =
= The length of the zone on which the patch load is applied = p*dc/16 = M = Resulting symmetrical horizontal pressure for filling = Phf,u*(1+ζ*Cpf )
= Maximun(0.5+0.01*(dc/t) or 1) =
Z Cpf Phf Ppf Ppfi s Phf,u
( M )
3. Determination of Lateral pressure, Vertical pressure and Frictional traction for Symmetrical discharge load condition = Horizontal pressure at depth Z = Ch*Phf (T/M2)
= Wall friction traction at depth Z = Cw*Pwf (T/M2)
= The resulting characteristic value of the vertical force in the wall during discharge at depth Z = Cw*m*Pho*(z-zo*Y j(z))
= Discharge factor for horizontal pressure = = C0 (T/M)
= Discharge factor for wall frictional traction = = Discharge factor for all solids
Z Phe Pwe ( M ) 201.24 48.98 16.24 8.31 5.83 48.69 7.84 159.36 244.35 39.98 15.46 8.00 0.152 18.98 0.083 9.37 0.781 0.112 7.14 100.18 Phe(z) 24.98 (T/M) 0.860 Pwe(z) nzSk 10.31 0.083 11.10 21.98 0.132 12.98 7.94 4.37 180.12 42.98 15.77 21.70 15.98 9.49 5.17 34.24 18.98 8.12 0.083 12.75 nzSk 0.083 39.98 0.083 42.98 2.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.98 3.85 2.17 4.15 1.063 4.418 36.98 0.083 13.13 1.094 Ch Cw 0.083 13.71 1.143 0.163 27.98 0.083 11.75 30.98 0.083 12.30 0.979 0.140 4.418 1.025 4.418 4.418 4.418 0.156 13.45 1.121 0.160 0.146 33.98 (M) 4.418 9.98 0.083 0.063 12.98 0.083 6.90 0.575 0.082 15.98 2.80 0.083 0.00 6.98 0.083 3.35 Cop Phf,u 0.50 s 4.418 4.418 4.418 0.441 0.000 0.000 0.279 (T/M2) 5.29 ζ 0.083 Phf 0.040 0.098 Normal (T/M2) 4.418 4.418 4.418 4.418 4.418 0.123 0.925 8.25 0.688 4.418 1.15 21.98 11.86 6.36 64.67 24.98 12.76 C0 (T/M2) (T/M2) 3.39 11.49 139.04 36.98 15.10 15.368 1.10 10.78 9.98 6.08 48.98 0.083 14.12 1.177 0.168 6.79 81.92 27.98 13.51 4.418 10.204 11.226 12.079 12.790 13.384 13.880 14.293 14.639 30.98 14.14 7.42 119.27 33.98 14.66 7.66 14.927 1.06 (T/M2) 0.000 3.649 5.755 7.513 8.980
4. Determination of Lateral patch pressure in wall for discharge patch load condition Silo Type = Thick walled circular silo
= Discharge outward patch pressure = Cpe*Phe = Discharge inward patch pressure = Ppe/ 7 = = 0.42*Cop*(1+2*E 2 )*(1-exp(-1.5*((hc/dc)-1))) = 2*e / dc = = Max(ef ,e0) = M
= Local discharge pressure
= Patch load solid reference factor =
= The length of the zone on which the patch load is applied = p*dc/16 = M = Resulting symmetrical horizontal pressure for discharge = Phe,u*(1+ζ*Cpe)
= Maximun(0.5+0.01*(dc/t) or 1) =
Z Cpe Phe Ppe Ppei s Phe,u
( M )
5. Discharge loads for silos with large outlet eccentricities
e0 = M
ef = M
This procedures is not applicable
6. Pressure due to reduction in ambient atmospheric temperature
Material temperature inside silo (Tin) oC=
Minimum temperature of outside environment (Tout) 0C= Thickness of silo wall (hi) m=
The thermal conductivity of concrete (λi) (W/(mK))= The thermal resistance Rin (m2K/W)=
Thermal resistance Rout (m2K/W)= s Phe,u ζ Normal (T/M2) (T/M2) 15.10 2.517 0.360 1.977 0.282 0.0 0.0 Phe Cop 0.50 Ppe hc/ dc 2.05 Cpe E e 0.0 0.0 Ppei 4.418 4.418 42.98 0.167 15.77 2.629 0.376 4.418 48.98 0.167 16.24 2.706 0.387 4.418 39.98 0.167 15.46 2.578 36.98 0.167 0.368 30.98 0.167 14.14 27.98 0.167 13.51 2.252 0.322 4.418 4.418 33.98 0.167 14.66 2.444 0.349 4.418 2.357 0.337 21.98 0.167 11.86 2.80 0.167 0.00 0.000 0.000 4.418 6.98 0.167 3.85 0.643 0.092 4.418 24.98 0.167 12.76 2.127 0.304 4.418 12.98 0.167 7.94 1.323 0.189 4.418 15.98 0.167 9.49 1.581 0.226 4.418 9.98 0.167 6.08 1.014 0.145 4.418 17.108 17.617 1.00 (T/M2) 9.260 11.068 12.577 14.888 15.765 (M) 4.418 18.98 0.167 10.78 1.797 0.257 4.418
Temperature DIFFERENTIAL calculation
(Ref. Annex D of BS EN 1991-1-5-: 2003 -0.6 4.418 0.000 4.497 7.094 18.043 18.398 18.942 13.837 16.497 0.4 0.04 120 1.71 0.17
h kc T = (TG-T A)*k*hc/kc
a) Tension due to Temperature
= Normal pressure = CT*aw*DT*Ew/((r / t)+(1-v)*(Ew/EsU))
Ti = oC To = oC
t = Thickness of silo wall = m
= Temperature load multiplier =
= Coefficient of thermal expansion of the silo wall = per degree centigrade
= Temperature differential = oC
= Silo radius (dc/ 2) = M
= Elastic modulus of the silo wall = 5500*SQRT(f ck) = N/mm2
= Poisson'sration =
= Inloading effective elastic modulus at depth Z = χ*Pvft = T/M2 = Vertical stress at the base of the vertical walled section = T/M2
PhT Ew v EsU 0.3 28.60 10487.8 CT aw DT r 0.400 120 15
Inside material/hot liquid/flue gas (TG) temperature ( 0
C) = 120
External air temperature/temperature (T A)at other face of wall (0C) = -0.6
Thermal conductivity (kc) of RCC wall(watt/sqm/0C) = 1.71
0.0053333 Resistance to the transmission of heat (k) through wall (watt/sqm/0C) = 2.25
(
k= + ai+aa+ao)
Temperature DIFFERENTIAL calculation
(Ref. clause 6.10 of Reynolds handbook, 10th edition)
aa= Resistance due to cavity (watt/sqm/ 0
C) ao= Resistance at the external face (watt/sqm/
0 C)
Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ec) (N/mm2) =
h=thicknessofwall(m)= 0.4
The change in temperature (T0C) through concrete wall = 63.5
ai= Resistance at the internal face (watt/sqm/0C) 0.17
0 0.04
Co-efficient of linear expansion of concrete (Єc) (/0C) = 0.00001
21000
27500.0 Moment of inertia (Ic) of concrete section (m
4 ) Pvft 3.0 0.0000011
63.5
11.45= Modulus contiguity coefficient = 7*l3/2 =
=
7. Design against Hoop Tension due to Load Ph
Dead Load Factor Kd
=
live Load Factor Kl=
39.35 40.62 41.74 43.57 1599.97 1670.24 30.98 48.98 Temperature pressure (PhT) Height from top Maximum Hoop Tension (T = Ph*D/2) T/M of Height 0.00 72.09 Steel Reqd. from Temperature mm2/m (M) 24.66 25.26 Symmetrical filling (Phf ) Design Factored Steel Reqd. from Filling &
Discharge mm2/m 36.21 37.89 10825.55 11086.97 11305.12 11639.31 33.98 36.98 27.98 18.98 21.98 24.98 2.80 264.44 274.23 282.41 4358.92 5690.30 6801.39 7728.64 8502.47 9148.26 9687.20 10136.96 10512.31 0.00 22.73 Hoop Tension due
to Temperature (T = PhT*D/2) T/M of Height 0.00 Design Factored 0.00 352.09 14.66 14.14 15.77 15.46 15.10 11.86 16.60 17.86 27.98 18.98 9.98 14.93 2.45 20.84 22.07 12.98 15.98 T/M2 T/M2 0.00 3.85 6.08 16.24 3.65 3.81 21.65 22.08 T/M2 0.00 4.50 18.94 18.40 18.04 17.62 17.11 16.50 15.76 14.89 13.84 12.58 11.07 9.26 2763.56 3.31 5.11 8.06 10.52 12.57 14.29 15.72 16.91 17.91 18.74 20.01 1.68 2.02 2.58 2.80 2.99 3.44 2.32 0.91 1.20 1.45 1.66 1.84 2.00 2.14 2.26 2.36 7.09 6.30 9.93 10.78 9.49 3.16 13.51 12.76 11.75 0.00 4.69 7.40 3.35 0.00 0.00 9.66 11.55 13.12 14.44 15.53 16.45 12.96 15.50 17.61 19.37 23.10 0.57 7.94 5.40 8.51 11.11 13.28 15.09 18.92 19.80 5.76 12.30 19.43 20.49 20.90 14.12 21.51 13.88 14.29 559.56 736.69 888.56 1019.26 1132.09 1229.75 1314.49 1388.17 1452.34 1508.31 1557.21 17.85 18.38 303.63 113.71 148.44 177.43 201.62 221.80 238.65 252.71 20.53 21.14 13.13 9.98 14.64 23.95 25.76 26.52 39.98 30.98 33.98 39.98 17.21 289.23 294.92 9.18 14.60 19.22 23.18 26.59 29.53 19.76 7.51 8.98 10.20 11.23 12.08 12.79 13.38 24.98 48.98 42.98 32.08 34.29 36.98 15.37 42.98 6.98 12.75 6.90 8.25 9.37 10.31 11.10 2.80 Lateral Pressure ( Ph) (T/M2) (M) 0.00 1.20 1.4 Unsymmetrical discharge. (Phe,u) 6.98 21.98 13.71 13.45 18.83 19.20 9675.9 27.22 9981.1 3.65 T/M2 Unsymmetrical filling (Phf,u) Symmetrical discharge. (Phe) 5.29 χ 366.68 PhT 2.72 0.00 Height from top Design Factored T/M2 T/M2 Design Factored T/M2 T/M2 0.00 3.55 0.80 1.27 2.53 2.60 2.72 24.37 8937.7 25.44 9330.0 26.39 21.79 7988.6 23.16 8492.9 0.00 0.00 5.37 1968.5 8.68 3183.4 11.60 4254.9 14.18 5200.0 16.45 6033.4 18.46 6768.5 20.23 7416.8 T/M2 Design T/M2 Factored 28.60 10487.8 T/M2 T/M2 Pvft Esu 12.98 15.98
130 120 Level (m) 21.016 63.016 57.016 51.016 45.016 39.016 33.016 27.016 219 120 120 65 65 55 50 Height from top
Rebars(IF) for hoop tension
36.98 18.98 21.98 24.98 27.98 25 25 84 25 25 25 25 76 93 100 25 73 mm mm (c/c) 25 91 42.98 12.98 15.98 25 25 25 25 39.98 s reqd. s prov. 45 45 50 50 91 89 87 90 90 90 90 25 25 25 25 66 100 25 45 f 100 173 25 25 30.98 33.98 s prov. mm mm (c/c) mm (c/c) 45 68 69 71 120 22 25 mm (c/c) 22 200 22 150 22 OK OK 48.98 25 85 55 275 225 137 179 25 (M) 2.80 6.98 9.98 f 107 97 101 100 25 80 s reqd. 144 130 25 114 OK Rebars(OF) for hoop tension Check OK OK OK OK OK Check OK OK OK OK OK OK Revise Revise OK Revise Revise Revise 50 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 127 110 25 101 115 110 25
