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(1)PLM220 Project Management – Logistics. Partner. Education Website. Use. SAP. Only. Internal. Date Training Center Instructors. SAP. Course Version: 2006/Q2 Course Duration: 5 Days Material Number: 50079191. An SAP course - use it to learn, reference it for work. Only. Internal. Use. Partner. Participant Handbook.

(2) Copyright Copyright © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors.. Partner SAP Use. •. ORACLE® is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation.. •. INFORMIX®-OnLine for SAP and INFORMIX® Dynamic ServerTM are registered trademarks of Informix Software Incorporated.. •. UNIX®, X/Open®, OSF/1®, and Motif® are registered trademarks of the Open Group.. •. Citrix®, the Citrix logo, ICA®, Program Neighborhood®, MetaFrame®, WinFrame®, VideoFrame®, MultiWin® and other Citrix product names referenced herein are trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc.. •. HTML, DHTML, XML, XHTML are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C®, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.. •. JAVA® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.. •. JAVASCRIPT® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape.. •. SAP, SAP Logo, R/2, RIVA, R/3, SAP ArchiveLink, SAP Business Workflow, WebFlow, SAP EarlyWatch, BAPI, SAPPHIRE, Management Cockpit, mySAP.com Logo and mySAP.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other products mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.. Disclaimer THESE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED BY SAP ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND SAP EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR APPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO THESE MATERIALS AND THE SERVICE, INFORMATION, TEXT, GRAPHICS, LINKS, OR ANY OTHER MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS CONTAINED HEREIN. IN NO EVENT SHALL SAP BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST REVENUES OR LOST PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS OR INCLUDED SOFTWARE COMPONENTS.. Only. Internal. IBM®, DB2®, OS/2®, DB2/6000®, Parallel Sysplex®, MVS/ESA®, RS/6000®, AIX®, S/390®, AS/400®, OS/390®, and OS/400® are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation.. Partner. •. SAP. Microsoft®, WINDOWS®, NT®, EXCEL®, Word®, PowerPoint® and SQL Server® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.. Use. •. Internal. Only. Trademarks.

(3) About This Handbook This handbook is intended to complement the instructor-led presentation of this course, and serve as a source of reference. It is not suitable for self-study.. American English is the standard used in this handbook. The following typographic conventions are also used.. Partner. Words or characters that appear on the screen. These include field names, screen titles, pushbuttons as well as menu names, paths, and options.. Example text. SAP. Description. Example text. Emphasized words or phrases in body text, titles of graphics, and tables. EXAMPLE TEXT. Names of elements in the system. These include report names, program names, transaction codes, table names, and individual key words of a programming language, when surrounded by body text, for example SELECT and INCLUDE.. Example text. Screen output. This includes file and directory names and their paths, messages, names of variables and parameters, and passages of the source text of a program.. Example text. Exact user entry. These are words and characters that you enter in the system exactly as they appear in the documentation.. <Example text>. Variable user entry. Pointed brackets indicate that you replace these words and characters with appropriate entries.. iii. Internal. Only. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. Partner. 2006 / Q2. SAP. Use. Also used for cross-references to other documentation both internal (in this documentation) and external (in other locations, such as SAPNet).. Use. Type Style. Internal. Only. Typographic Conventions.

(4) About This Handbook. PLM220. Icons in Body Text The following icons are used in this handbook. Icon. Meaning. Only. Exception or caution. Indicates that the item is displayed in the instructor's presentation.. Use. Procedures. Internal. Note or further explanation of previous point. Partner. For more information, tips, or background. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. iv. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(5) Contents Course Overview ............................................................................. vii. Unit 1: Introduction ............................................................................1 Project Structures............................................................................. 2. Time Scheduling with WBS Elements.................................................... 26 Scheduling of Activities and Networks ................................................... 30 Actual Dates ................................................................................. 63. Unit 3: Capacities............................................................................. 77. Use. SAP. Unit 5: Materials .............................................................................195 Assigning Material Components to Activities .......................................... 197 Material Procurement Processes ........................................................ 228 Requirements Grouping .................................................................. 256 Assemblies, Availability Check and Delivery from Projects .......................... 262. Unit 6: Progress Tracking .................................................................285 Progress Tracking for Material Components ........................................... 286. Unit 7: ProMan ...............................................................................309 ProMan...................................................................................... 310. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. v. Only. Internal. External Processing ....................................................................... 158 Workflows in the Project System ........................................................ 173 Service ...................................................................................... 177. Partner. Unit 4: External Activities .................................................................157. SAP. Capacities – Overview ..................................................................... 79 Available Capacity and Capacity Requirements ....................................... 89 Capacity Analysis .......................................................................... 103 Capacity Leveling.......................................................................... 113 Confirmations .............................................................................. 131. Use. Partner. Unit 2: Dates ................................................................................... 25. Internal. Only. Course Goals.................................................................................vii Course Objectives ...........................................................................vii.

(6) Contents. PLM220. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. vi. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(7) Course Overview Only. Target Audience • • •. Project managers and engineers Project teams Consultants. Use. Partner. This course is intended for the following audiences:. SAP. SAP. Course Prerequisites Required Knowledge Basic knowledge of project management from a logistics perspective PLM210 or PLM200. Partner. Use. • •. Course Goals Plan and control projects from a logistics perspective Make the necessary settings in Customizing. Only. Internal. This course will prepare you to: • •. Course Objectives After completing this course, you will be able to: • • • •. 2006 / Q2. Schedule projects Plan and execute internal services Trigger and edit procurement processes Procure and deliver materials for the project. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. Internal. Course PLM220, Project Management - Logistics, includes logistics planning and control of projects. The course includes scheduling of projects; planning and realization of internal and external services; control and monitoring of processes for procurement, and supply of materials. In this course, you will also become familiar with the Customizing settings required in the SAP Project System for aspects of logistics.. vii.

(8) Course Overview. PLM220. SAP Software Component Information The information in this course pertains to the following SAP Software Components and releases: ECC 6.0. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. viii. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(9) Unit 1 Unit Overview. Partner. This chapter provides an overview of the business scenario that will be used as an example, during this course, to discuss the logistical aspects of project management. You will create a suitable project structure based on this scenario. We will also clarify various functions and processing options for work breakdown structures and networks.. Use. Unit Objectives After completing this unit, you will be able to:. SAP. Create a project structure which consists of WBS elements and network activities using Project Builder. Unit Contents. Use. Only. Internal. Partner. Lesson: Project Structures ........................................................... 2 Exercise 1: Structures .......................................................... 13. SAP. •. Internal. Only. Introduction. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 1.

(10) Unit 1: Introduction. PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will learn about the various options for editing project structures You will create a project for producing a turbine using the Project Builder. You will also be introduced to Claim Management.. Only. After completing this lesson, you will be able to: Create a project structure which consists of WBS elements and network activities using Project Builder. Business Example Your company manufactures turbines. It has become evident that the manufacture of turbines is too complex to be solely produced using production orders. Alternatively, you have decided to use WBS elements and network activities in the Project System to plan and execute this production.. Use. Partner. •. Internal. Lesson Objectives. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(11) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Work Breakdown Structures and Networks. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP. Figure 1: Sample Turbine Project. Use. Only. Internal. The icons in the slides correspond to those used in the SAP system for project definition, WBS elements, network headers, activities and relationships. You will find them in all transactions in the project system.. Partner. Figure 1 represents a diagram of the “ Turbine Project” structure that will be used to illustrate the logistics process covered in this course. No logistics aspects other than dates are treated at WBS element level. The logistics aspects of the project internal and external services and material requirements for example - are planned and executed using activities.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 3.

(12) Unit 1: Introduction. PLM220. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 2: Work Breakdown Structure: Functions. SAP Use. Only. Internal. Partner. Costs, dates and payments are frequently planned using activities that are assigned to WBS elements.. SAP. The work breakdown structure (WBS) forms the basis for all other planning steps in the project. The emphasis is on planning, analysis, description, control and monitoring of costs, basic dates and budget.. 4. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(13) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 3: Work Breakdown Structure: Maintenance Options. SAP. SAP. The SAP system contains different transactions that you can use to create or change WBS elements. You can use the detail screens or the WBS element overview list for this purpose.. Use. When you create a new WBS, you can use an existing WBS, a section of the project hierarchy or a standard WBS as a template to copy from. You can also incorporate WBS elements from other operative projects, or from a standard WBS template, in an existing work breakdown structure (item 3 or 4 in Figure 3).. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 5. Only. Internal. In addition to manual maintenance or maintenance via the hierarchy graphic (1, 2), you can also use existing project structures or standard projects as templates to copy from.. Partner. You can use the hierarchy graphic to change WBS elements (by double-clicking on a WBS element in the graphic). You can also create new WBS elements and insert these into the hierarchy (connect mode)..

(14) Unit 1: Introduction. PLM220. The Project Builder is a feature in the Project System that is particularly intuitive and easy to use.. SAP Use. Only. Internal. Partner. The Project Builder consists of a processing screen divided into three parts - the structure overview at the top left, the work list at the bottom left and a display/processing area to the right.. SAP. In the Project Builder, you can create or edit WBS structures or networks individually or in an integrated manner. To maintain WBS structures and networks, you can navigate quickly and efficiently in the Project Builder, between the various views (detail and overviews), graphics, and the project planning board. This unit and the subsequent units of the course will familiarize you with the functionality of the Project Builder.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 4: Project Builder. 6. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(15) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 5: Activities and Networks: Functions. SAP. SAP. You use the activities in the network to plan the labor, capacities, materials, and services that you require to carry out the various tasks in your project. The unit on “capacities” discusses internally-processed activities in detail.. Use. Only. Internal. The unit on “materials” explains how material components are assigned, procured, and consumed in the network.. Partner. The unit on “external activities” deals with externally-processed activities and service activities.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 7.

(16) Unit 1: Introduction. PLM220. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 6: Activities: Maintenance Options. SAP Use. Only. Internal. Using project builder or project planning board you can build new project structure by copying a standard project (standard WBS and Network activities template), or by copying an operative project (including all activities) to a new project structure (item 5 in Figure 6).. Partner. Another way to create network activities is to use a standard network or an existing project network as a template to copy the activities into your structure (item 3 in Figure 6). You can also incorporate activities from a standard networks into your project structure (item 4 in Figure 6).. SAP. You can maintain network activities by adding the activities manually to your project structure or by adding activities in the network graphic (item 1 or 2 in Figure 6).. 8. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(17) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Partner. You can call up the network graphic from various transactions in the Project System, for example in network maintenance, scheduling and in the Structure/Dates Information System.. Use. SAP. Only. Internal. Figure 7: Network Graphic. The network graphic provides all of the functions needed to process a network (the functions for inserting activities or relationships, for example).. SAP. Use. Only. Internal. Partner. From within the network graphic you can perform a cycle analysis. A cycle (or loop) is a closed sequence of relationships and activities ("closed or loop" means that when you start out from one activity, you end up back at the same activity by means of relationships). If the activity-relationship-activity path is cyclical, you will not be able to schedule the network. Cycle analysis is a tool that enables you to detect cyclical relationships and correct them.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 9.

(18) Unit 1: Introduction. PLM220. SAP. SAP. The project planning board is particularly suitable for planning a project. It provides you with an instant overview of your project deadlines, enabling you to check your project for capacity bottlenecks. Additional options are also available for enhancing your project structure. In the following units, you will use both the Project Builder and the project planning board to edit your project.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 8: Project Planning Board. Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 10. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(19) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Claim Management. Use Internal. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 11. Only. You can enter claims directly in the SAP system or create and display them from the Internet (example: a customer creates a claim via the Internet).. Partner. Deviations from the project plan often occur as a result of delivery problems, price fluctuations, unforeseeable capacity bottlenecks and so on. In this case, clarifying responsibilities is extremely important for the contractual partners involved. Claim Management ensures that claims resulting from deviations are prepared vis-à-vis the contractual partner and submitted at a suitable point in time. Conversely, it also provides defence against claims from the contractual partner. The Project System supports claim management with the "Claim" message type, which can be used to document deviations from your project plan, appoint persons responsible for the deviation and initiate follow-up activities.. SAP. SAP. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 9: Claim.

(20) Unit 1: Introduction. PLM220. You can include the following data in a claim: • • •. Only. Use. Partner. Internal. • • •. Descriptions - the cause of the deviation for example Actions and tasks to be initiated because of the deviation Persons responsible and partners by means of a link to the Partner Management function Costs incurred as a result of the deviation (cost planning using unit costing) Assigned WBS elements, SD and MM document items Assigned document info records (links to the Document Management System). SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 12. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(21) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Exercise 1: Structures Exercise Objectives After completing this exercise, you will be able to: • Create a work breakdown structure with assigned operations • Use the project builder and the project planning board. Only Partner. You create a separate project for project manufacturing of a turbine system. In doing so, you make use of standard structures as copy templates and various functions for further processing.. Use. 1.. You will use the standard structure as a template to create the project for constructing a turbine system. Call up the Project Builder.. 2.. Use the standard project T-20001 as a template to create project T-100##. ## is a placeholder for your group number (if, for example, you are in group 3, then replace ## with 03).. SAP. SAP. Task:. Internal. Business Example. Internal. Field name. Value. Project def.. T-100##. Start. Today. Finish. Two years from today. Project profile. 2001 Turbine model group 1. Template Std proj. def.. T-20001. Enter a name for your project, and the person responsible. Maintain the data at project definition level.. Continued on next page. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 13. Only. 3.. Partner. Use. Enter the following data in the dialog box that appears:.

(22) Unit 1: Introduction. 4.. PLM220. Field name. Value. Text. Group ##, turbine A. Responsible person. ##. Create two further WBS elements to record the details of the Planning of systems and instrumentation WBS element. Name the second element Planning of instrumentation.. 5.. Display your expanded structure in the hierarchy graphic. Expand the display to show the entire project.. 6.. As a result of detailing the project structure, activity 2000 Planning of systems and instrumentation is now assigned incorrectly. Rename it Planning of systems and assign it to the appropriate WBS element.. SAP. To plan your turbine instrumentation, create an internally processed activity for the Planning of instrumentation WBS element.. Internal. Values. Text. Planning of instrumentation. Work center. 2000. Work. 35 hours. Normal duration. 5 days. Only. 8.. Field name. Take a look at your extended network in the network graphic. Then save the project.. 9.. Now call up the project planning board for an integrated view of your project deadlines. Use the 1001 Elevator/Turbines planning board profile and perform time scheduling for the whole project.. Continued on next page. 14. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. Partner. Use. Enter the following data in the detail screen for the new activity:. SAP. 7.. Use. Partner. Set the Planning element indicator for the new WBS elements.. Internal. Only. Assign the new WBS element the description Planning of systems.. 2006 / Q2.

(23) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. 10. Roughly plan material costs for your turbine. You are still unsure as to which components you will procure in the future, but you can already perform material planning in the activities. Plan the Preliminary orders activities and Material procurement plant components.. Activity. Material Planning. 3000 Preliminary orders. EUR 100000. Internal. Only. Enter the following data:. 3100 Material procurement System parts EUR 65,000. Use. Partner. Save your data.. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 15.

(24) Unit 1: Introduction. PLM220. Solution 1: Structures Task: 1.. You will use the standard structure as a template to create the project for constructing a turbine system. Call up the Project Builder.. Partner. 2.. SAP Menu → Logistics → Project System → Project → Project Builder (Double-click to select Project Builder). Use the standard project T-20001 as a template to create project T-100##. ## is a placeholder for your group number (if, for example, you are in group 3, then replace ## with 03). Enter the following data in the dialog box that appears: Value. Project def.. T-100##. Start. Today. Use. Field name. Internal. Only. a). SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. Continued on next page. 16. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(25) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Field name. Value. Finish. Two years from today. Project profile. 2001 Turbine model group 1. Template Std proj. def.. T-20001. In the Project Builder, choose Create → Copy Project.. Enter the data indicated in the dialog box that appears. Confirm your entries by clicking the "Create project" pushbutton.. SAP. Project definition (first line) WBS elements Activities Network header Milestone (last line). Use. Enter a name for your project, and the person responsible. Maintain the data at project definition level. Field name. Value. Text. Group ##, turbine A. Responsible person. ##. a). Only. Internal. 3.. Select the project definition in the structure tree. Enter the data indicated in the detail screen that appears. Confirm your entries by choosing Enter.. Continued on next page. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. Partner. The activities are grouped together in a network with a provisional number (%00000000001). When you save the activities, this number will be replaced by a number from the number range provided.. SAP. • • • • •. Use. Partner. Hint: The tree structure at the left of the screen now displays various objects that have been copied from the standard project:. Internal. Only. a). 17.

(26) Unit 1: Introduction. 4.. PLM220. Create two further WBS elements to record the details of the Planning of systems and instrumentation WBS element. Assign the new WBS element the description Planning of systems. Name the second element Planning of instrumentation. a). Position the cursor in the templates area (bottom left) and, if necessary, expand the Individual objects section.. Only. Enter Planning of systems as a short description of the new WBS element. The new WBS element is now displayed in the tree structure. Use the same procedure to create the second WBS element. Call it Planning of instrumentation. 5.. Display your expanded structure in the hierarchy graphic.. SAP. SAP. Expand the display to show the entire project. Set the Planning element indicator for the new WBS elements. a). Click the Hierarchy graphics pushbutton in the Project Builder.. Use. For the new WBS element, double-click the PE indicator. Finally, exit the hierarchy graphic by choosing Back.. Rename it Planning of systems and assign it to the appropriate WBS element. a). Position the cursor on activity 2000 in the structure tree. “Drag and drop” the activity to the Planning of systems WBS element. Enter Planning of systems and instrumentation as a new short description for the activity. Confirm your entries by choosing Enter.. Continued on next page. 18. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. As a result of detailing the project structure, activity 2000 Planning of systems and instrumentation is now assigned incorrectly.. Partner. Choose View → Completed view.. 6.. Use. Partner. Confirm your entries by choosing Enter.. Internal. “Drag and drop” a WBS element from the templates area to the Planning of systems and instrumentation WBS element in the tree structure..

(27) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. 7.. To plan your turbine instrumentation, create an internally processed activity for the Planning of instrumentation WBS element.. Field name. Values. Text. Planning of instrumentation. Work center. 2000. Work. 35 hours. Normal duration. 5 days. Expand the "Activity" icon in the templates area. Drag and drop the Activity (internal) entry from the templates area to the Planning of instrumentation WBS element in the tree structure. Enter the following data in the detail screen. Confirm your entries by choosing Enter.. SAP. Take a look at your extended network in the network graphic.. SAP. 8.. Then save the project. a). Position your cursor on the network header in the tree structure.. Use. To call up an overview of the entire network, choose Complete view.. Exit the network graphic using the Back pushbutton. Choose Save to save the project. The temporary network number is then replaced.. Continued on next page. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 19. Only. Internal. If required, use the Activities icon and select the small display format to change the activity display. Partner. Choose Network Graphic.. 2006 / Q2. Use. Partner. a). Internal. Only. Enter the following data in the detail screen for the new activity:.

(28) Unit 1: Introduction. 9.. PLM220. Now call up the project planning board for an integrated view of your project deadlines. Use the 1001 Elevator/Turbines planning board profile and perform time scheduling for the whole project. a). SAP Menu → Logistics → Project System → Project → Project Planning Board → Change Project (Double-click to select transaction) Enter your project and choose the specified planning board profile. Use Open project (Enter) to start processing your project.. Only. 10. Roughly plan material costs for your turbine. You are still unsure as to which components you will procure in the future, but you can already perform material planning in the activities. Plan the Preliminary orders activities and Material procurement plant components.. Activity. Material Planning. 3000 Preliminary orders. EUR 100000. SAP. SAP. Enter the following data:. Use. Save your data. Select the Assignments tab page in the detail screen for the activity and enter the specified data. Confirm your entries by clicking the Back icon. Follow the same procedure to plan the material planning value for activity 3100. Finally, choose Save.. 20. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. Double-click activity 3000 in the table area of the planning board.. Partner. 3100 Material procurement System parts EUR 65,000. a). Use. Partner. Now perform time scheduling for your entire project. Choose the Select all icon and then click Schedule.. Internal. If required, choose Adapt graphic area to edit the date view of the planning board..

(29) PLM220. Lesson: Project Structures. Lesson Summary You should now be able to: • Create a project structure which consists of WBS elements and network activities using Project Builder. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 21.

(30) Unit Summary. PLM220. Unit Summary You should now be able to: • Create a project structure which consists of WBS elements and network activities using Project Builder. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 22. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(31) PLM220. Test Your Knowledge. Test Your Knowledge 1.. You can maintain the following objects in the Project Builder: Choose the correct answer(s).. Only. Work Breakdown Structure Internal Order Maintenance Order Network Milestone Project definition. Use. Partner. A B C D E F. Internal. □ □ □ □ □ □. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 23.

(32) Test Your Knowledge. PLM220. Answers 1.. You can maintain the following objects in the Project Builder: Answer: A, D, E, F The Project Builder is used for maintenance of project system structures. Order categories other than networks cannot be edited in the Project Builder.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 24. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(33) Unit 2 Unit Overview. Use. Partner. In this unit you learn about functions for manual and automatic planning of dates in work breakdown structures and networks. In doing so, the various Customizing settings and influential factors for scheduling are also dealt with in detail. At the end of this unit, creation of actual dates, the necessary prerequisites for this and the influence on scheduling of actual dates are discussed.. Unit Objectives Schedule dates for WBS elements using the project planning board Perform scheduling with the aid of the project planning board Set the relevant tables in Customizing Enter actual dates for WBS elements and activities. Unit Contents. Internal. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 25. Only. Lesson: Time Scheduling with WBS Elements .................................. 26 Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks .................................. 30 Exercise 2: Scheduling ......................................................... 51 Lesson: Actual Dates................................................................ 63 Exercise 3: Actual Dates from Confirmations................................ 67. Partner. Use. SAP. SAP. After completing this unit, you will be able to: • • • •. Internal. Only. Dates.

(34) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Lesson: Time Scheduling with WBS Elements Lesson Overview This lesson focuses on time scheduling with WBS elements You will learn about various functions that support you in time scheduling for work breakdown plans.. Lesson Objectives. Only. •. Schedule dates for WBS elements using the project planning board. Partner. Business Example Start by familiarizing yourself with the options for planning dates only for WBS elements. Take a look at how to use planning methods to simplify time scheduling.. Internal. After completing this lesson, you will be able to:. Use. Functions of Time Scheduling with WBS Elements. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. Figure 10: Time Scheduling Functions. 26. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(35) PLM220. Lesson: Time Scheduling with WBS Elements. The following functions are available to you in time scheduling: • •. •. • •. Use. Partner. •. Internal. Only. • •. Sets of dates: Basic and forecast dates can be used as planned dates. Actual dates are also shown here. Check dates: You can check consistency of the dates within the project structure with or without taking activities into account. Inherit: Dates within the work breakdown structure can be inherited. Extrapolate: You can use the extrapolate function to calculate the dates for higher-level WBS elements. Shift: You can shift all of the planned dates for the WBS elements or just the dates in subhierarchies. Planning different calendars: You can use a different factory calendar for each activity or WBS element. Scheduling: The scheduling function automatically calculates the dates for activities and networks. Planning methods: You can use the planning methods "bottom up planning" to extrapolate dates automatically when you save your data.. SAP. SAP. Internal. Use. Partner. Figure 11: Project Dates. Only. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 27.

(36) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Basic Date Planning with WBS Elements. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 12: Basic Dates WBS. SAP Use. In the execution phase, you can enter actual dates by dragging your mouse. In the project planning board or the information system, you can compare the actual dates with the planned basic dates.. 28. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. Basic dates can be extrapolated from lower to higher-level WBS elements or, conversely, inherited from higher to lower-level WBS elements. You can check the consistency of your scheduling data within the WBS structure.. Partner. You can use the project planning board to plan basic dates for the WBS elements simply by dragging your mouse. You can plan these dates in the form of a table in Structure Planning.. SAP. In projects without networks, dates can be planned manually for the WBS elements (basic dates)..

(37) PLM220. Lesson: Time Scheduling with WBS Elements. Lesson Summary You should now be able to: • Schedule dates for WBS elements using the project planning board. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 29.

(38) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks Lesson Overview In this lesson you will become familiar with various aspects of network scheduling. The lesson also deals with dates for objects assigned to network activities such as milestones and material components as well as date exchange with WBS elements.. Only. Internal. Lesson Objectives After completing this lesson, you will be able to:. Partner. • •. Perform scheduling with the aid of the project planning board Set the relevant tables in Customizing. You have already created a project structure to produce a turbine. The project manager now wants to know whether the project can be completed on time. Schedule your project to find out the answer.. Use. Introduction. SAP. SAP. Business Example. Only. Internal. Use. Partner. Figure 13: Dates In Network Plan. 30. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(39) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 14: Scheduling. SAP Use. Forward scheduling determines the earliest dates. Backward scheduling determines the latest dates.. Floats occur if the earliest dates are different from the latest dates. The scheduling results:. • • • •. 2006 / Q2. Scheduled start and finish for the network header Earliest start and finish dates (earliest dates) and latest start and finish dates (latest dates) for the activities Earliest and latest dates for the relationships The reduction of activity durations if a reduction level was used in conjunction with network scheduling. Float times (total and free float) for the activities Capacity requirements for activities. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 31. Only. Internal. • •. Partner. • •. SAP. Each time a network is scheduled, the system carries out forward and backward scheduling; determines floats and capacity requirements (if activated)..

(40) PLM220. Internal. Figure 15: WBS / Overall Network Scheduling. You can schedule networks individually (network scheduling). You can schedule all networks linked by relationships together (scheduling of overall network). You can also trigger network scheduling from WBS elements (WBS scheduling).. SAP Use. Scheduling Scenarios Depending on the settings used, you can use different scenarios for time scheduling. Two typical time scheduling scenarios are discussed below.. 32. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. You can display an overview of the maintenance orders assigned to a project in the project planning board.. Partner. As of Release 4.6A you can schedule maintenance orders from the Project System. In the Project Scheduling and Overall Network Scheduling transactions, you can specify whether networks are scheduled together with maintenance orders that have been assigned as subnetworks.. SAP. The activity data, relationships between the activities and date restrictions form the basis for determining dates automatically (scheduling).. Use. Partner. Only. Unit 2: Dates.

(41) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. SAP Use. The dates of the assigned activities are summarized to give the scheduled dates of the WBS elements (thin time bars in the project planning board). The dates scheduled in the WBS structure can be copied to the basic dates of the WBS elements for the purpose of extrapolating them up the project hierarchy. If the appropriate settings have been made, this can happen automatically.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 33. Only. The differences between the earliest and latest dates of an activity are referred to as floats. If these are less than or equal to zero, then the activity is defined as a “critical” activity. Critical activities define the critical path in the project.. Partner. Networks are always scheduled forwards and backwards. The scheduling type determines the original direction in which scheduling is carried out. The system determines the earliest dates of the activities by means of forward scheduling and the latest dates by backward scheduling.. Internal. You can use the project planning board to select WBS elements and schedule the activities assigned to them. The scheduling parameters determine how the activities are scheduled.. SAP. In projects with assigned networks, you can use scheduling to derive the dates of the activities and WBS elements automatically.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 16: Bottom-Up Scenario.

(42) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Partner. SAP. You can use the “Top-Down” scheduling scenario or suitable scheduling parameters to stipulate that activities be scheduled within these time constraints: for this, you may need to deselect the Network determines scheduling and Adjust basic dates indicators.. In work breakdown structures with assigned networks, you can also plan the basic dates for the WBS elements manually in order to specify that a certain part of the project has to be completed within a fixed time period.. Use. SAP. Only. Internal. Figure 17: Top-Down Scenario. Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 34. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(43) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. SAP Use. Only. Internal. Partner. Caution: The scheduling result depends on the transaction from which you start the scheduling.. SAP. As of Release 4.6, you have the option of using predefined scheduling scenarios. The standard scheduling options are of course still available. Depending on the transaction from which you trigger the scheduling, you use either the “Parameters for WBS scheduling” table or “Scheduling parameters for the network type”.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 18: Scheduling Scenarios. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 35.

(44) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Customizing in Time Scheduling. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP Use Internal. 36. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Scheduling parameters are created for specific plants and network types. The scheduling parameters determine scheduling, for example, in the transactions network maintenance (CN22) and scheduling of the overall network (CN24). The indicators have the following meanings: Adjust basic dates: Determines that the scheduled dates are copied to the basic dates of the network header after a scheduling run. The settings for secondary requirements do not have any impact in the network. Scheduling type: Determines the type of scheduling - for example, forward first, then backward. Start in the past: Determines how long ago (in days) the start date can be. If it is more than the specified number of days, scheduling is carried out for today's date. Automatic scheduling: Scheduling is carried out on saving. Log automatic: If a log is generated, it is displayed automatically. Break spec. scheduling: The exact time at which a break is scheduled (in the work center) is taken into account. Shift order: Determines how. Partner. Scheduling types are used both for network scheduling and for WBS scheduling. The indicators have the following meanings: Forward: Forward scheduling is carried out first, followed by backward scheduling. Backward: Backward scheduling is carried out first, followed by forward scheduling. Cap.requirements only: No scheduling is carried out at all. Instead, the start and finish dates of the network header are copied to each activity. Today's date: Backward scheduling is carried out first, followed by forward scheduling starting from today's date. Basic dates with times: This indicator is not relevant for networks.. SAP. Figure 19: Customizing for Scheduling 1.

(45) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. the system deals with partially-confirmed activities during scheduling. Latest material dates: The requirements dates for a material are determined based on the earliest or latest date. Reduction Type: The activity duration is reduced for either all activities or only those along the critical path are reduced. Maximum reduction level: A reduction strategy can have up to six levels. The highest level of reduction is specified here. Rescheduling: Determines how the system deals with work allocated in “workforce planning” after another scheduling run has been carried out.. SAP Internal. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 37. Only. The WBS scheduling profile is stored in the project definition control data. It can be copied as a default value from the project profile. One (or neither) of the two scheduling scenarios is displayed by default in the project profile.. Partner. The indicators have the following meanings: Scheduling type: Determines the type of scheduling, for example, forward first, then backward. Start in the past: Determines how long ago (in days) the start date can be. If it is more than the specified number of days, scheduling is carried out for today's date. Scheduling form: Specifies which object - network header or WBS element - is used as a basis for scheduling. Adjust basic dates: Determines that the scheduled dates are copied to the basic dates of the WBS elements after a scheduling run. Log automatic: If a log is generated, it is displayed automatically. Shift order: Determines how the system deals with partially-confirmed activities during scheduling. Schedule when saving: Scheduling is carried out on saving. Latest material dates: The requirements dates for a material are determined based on the earliest or latest date. Maximum reduction level: A reduction strategy can have up to six levels. The highest level of reduction is specified here. Reduction Type: The activity duration is reduced for either all activities or only those along the critical path are reduced.. The profile for WBS scheduling is used for scheduling in the project planning board transaction CJ2B or in the project scheduling transaction (CJ29).. SAP. Use. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 20: Customizing for Scheduling 2.

(46) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Other Influencing Factors in Scheduling. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP Use. Scheduling interprets the time interval for relationships as the minimum time interval. When calculating the dates, scheduling can increase the time interval but not reduce it. You can maintain a work center in internally and externally processed activities and in relationships. The following information is stored for scheduling in the work center: • •. 38. Formulas for calculating the duration of activities. A factory calendar and the operating time for each workday.. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. When scheduling externally-processed activities, the system uses the number of planned delivery days you maintained for an external activity. You can, however, also use the normal duration from the internal processing screen of the external activity if you activate this explicitly in the control key of the external activity.. Partner. When scheduling internally-processed activities and general costs activities, the system uses the normal duration you maintained in the activity. The duration can be calculated from the work planned, provided you have stored a formula for calculating the duration from internal processing in the work center.. SAP. Figure 21: Scheduling: Duration.

(47) Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Internal. Only. PLM220. 39. SAP Use Internal. Only. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. Partner. 2006 / Q2. SAP. The control keys for activities are set in Customizing using transaction OPSU. The control key has indicators that define the following functions: Schedule: Activities and activity elements are scheduled. For activity elements, the dates for the activity are determined. Det. cap. req.: Capacity requirements are determined for activities and activity elements. The capacity requirements are determined using the scheduling results. Therefore, only set this indicator if you also set the scheduling indicator. Costs act.: This indicator specifies that you use the control key for general costs activities. Costing: This indicator determines that activities and activity elements are taken into account in costing. Print time ticket: This determines whether time tickets can be printed. Time tickets are only printed if the Print indicator is also selected. For information on further relationships, see the online help. Confirmation: Determines whether activities and activity elements can be confirmed. External proc.: Determines whether activities and activity elements are processed internally or externally. Service: Determines whether services can be planned for activities and activity elements. Only set this indicator if you select the External proc. indicator to allow external processing. Print conf.: This determines whether completion confirmation slips can be printed. Completion confirmation slips are only printed if the Print indicator is also selected. For information on further relationships, see the online help. Print: Determines whether work papers such as time tickets, completion confirmation slips can be printed. For information on other relationships, see the online help. Sch.ext.proc.: Determines whether activities are to be scheduled in line with the Planned delivery time or Normal duration.. Use. Partner. Figure 22: Control Key.

(48) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. SAP. The network graphic allows you to view the activity relationships in a “time-dependent” manner to display the logical sequence. All relationships in the network graphic are displayed as FS relationships by default.. SAP. Relationships determine the chronological sequence of the individual activities in a network (or standard network). You can enter additional data (such as a time interval or reference to a particular factory calendar) in the detail screen for each relationship.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 23: Relationships. Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 40. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(49) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Scheduling Example. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 24: Example of Scheduling. SAP Use. In the example above, the start dates are set to the beginning of the day (00:00) and the finish dates to the end of the day (24:00). If work centers are entered for the activities, the start and finish dates are within the operating time of the work centers affected.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 41. Only. Internal. Backward scheduling calculates the latest start and finish dates for all the activities. Last or finishing activities are network activities that do not have successors. The scheduling start date is the finish date in the network header or the finish date determined from forward scheduling.. Partner. Forward scheduling calculates the earliest start and finish dates for the activities. All activities that do not have predecessors are start activities. The scheduling start start date is the start date in the network header or the start date determined from backward scheduling.. SAP. A network is always scheduled forwards and backwards. The scheduling type specifies whether forward scheduling or backward scheduling is carried out first..

(50) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 25: Total Float, Free Float. EF= Earliest Finish. LS= Latest Start. LF= Latest Finish. TF= Total Float. FF= Free Float. A total float is the difference between the latest start and earliest start (LS - ES) or between latest finish and earliest finish (LF - EF). A free float is the difference between the earliest start of a successor activity and the earliest finish of the activity in question (ES successor - EF activity). Since the successors for the free float are within their earliest dates, the time reserve is fully available to the current activity.. 42. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. Floats supply information on the time reserves available for individual activities. You can use the floats calculated in scheduling, for example in capacity leveling, to shift activities between the earliest and latest dates or to extend their duration.. Partner. Use. ES= Earliest Start. SAP. SAP. Legend:.

(51) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Partner. Only. Internal Use. Figure 26: Example of Floats. This slide describes how total floats and free floats are calculated.. SAP. Day 6 (0:00) - Day 5 (0:00) = 1 day.. Use. Only. Internal. Day 9 (0:00) - Day 7 (0:00) = 1 day.. Partner. The free float of activity 40 can be calculated from the difference between the earliest start of the successor (activity 50) and the earliest finish of the activity.. SAP. The total float of activity 40 can be calculated from the difference between the earliest and latest start of an activity:. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 43.

(52) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Time Constraints and Reductions. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. You can maintain time constraints for the start and finish of activities. The constraints apply both for the latest and the earliest dates of the activities and activity elements. You can maintain constraints for basic and forecast date sets.. SAP. SAP. Figure 27: Time Constraints. Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 44. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(53) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. SAP Use. Important: Remember to be careful when using the reduction function as the system does not know whether the duration of an activity can be reduced. It does not carry out plausibility checks or check available capacities. You can use reduction strategies to control how an activity's lead time can be reduced in levels. You can enter a reduction strategy in each activity. You can define up to six reduction levels for each reduction strategy. You can enter by what percent you want to reduce for each reduction level.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 45. Only. Internal. During scheduling, the system determines one reduction level for each activity. For example: The system calculates the earliest dates and determines reduction level 2 for an activity. This reduction level is transferred to the latest dates.. Partner. Reduction only affects the activities for which a reduction strategy has been stored. At the most, the system reduces as far as the level of reduction strategy entered in the network header.. SAP. You can use reduction if the time period within which the activities are to be scheduled is not long enough to process all activities. This allows you to reduce the scheduled duration of internally-processed activities.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 28: Reduction.

(54) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Scheduling of the Overall Network. SAP Use Internal. This function schedules both the network assigned to the sales order item and all other networks linked to this network via a relationship. This function updates all items in the sales order that refer to the overall network.. Partner. As of Release 4.0, scheduling of the overall network for the sales order item can be started in the sales order itself.. SAP. The confirmed delivery date of an item in the sales order corresponds to the finish date of the assigned network. If the end of a network is shifted because of scheduling problems, the confirmed delivery date in the sales order is changed automatically. You can, however, also fix a confirmed delivery date for the item on the Schedule lines tab page.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 29: Scheduling of the Overall Network. Only. 46. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(55) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. A prerequisite for the use of the Overall network scheduling with selection options function is that you have defined suitable levels beforehand in Customizing for the project system and have assigned network types and number intervals. Note that you can only schedule using two levels. By using a BAdI for Overall scheduling with selection options, you have other functions at your disposal such as control of data exchange between activities and assigned subnetworks.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 47. Only. Internal. You can display additional information on the selected activities and subnetworks on a monitor and jump to the next screen to processing or confirmation of activities.. Partner. You use this function along with suitable selection criteria to specify which networks and subnetworks are to be taken into account as part of overall network scheduling.. SAP. As well as overall network scheduling (transaction CN24), which you can use to schedule several networks and subnetworks together, you also have at your disposal, from ECC 5.0 onwards, the new function overall network scheduling with selection options (transaction CN24N).. Use. Figure 30: Overall Network Scheduling with Selection Options.

(56) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP. Figure 31: Subnetwork Monitor. Dates of Assigned Objects. Only. Internal. Use. Partner. Figure 32: Dates of Activity Elements. 48. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(57) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Unlike activities, activity elements are not scheduled independently. The system calculates the dates for activity elements with reference to the start or finish dates of the activity. If required, you can maintain a time interval for the start and a time interval for the finish in activity elements. The dates of the activity element must always lie entirely within the duration of the higher-level activity.. SAP. SAP. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. Figure 33: Requirements Dates of Material Components. Use Internal. You can also set a requirements date for a material manually, independently of the activity date.. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 49. Only. If the requirements date is before the finish date of the activity, you can store a corresponding time interval by using an offset to the finish date.. Partner. The system calculates the requirements date for components with reference to the start or finish date of the activity. You can use the Scheduling parameters for network type or the Parameters for WBS scheduling to control whether the earliest or latest start date is used as the requirements date. The transaction used to trigger the scheduling determines which of the two tables is used. If you schedule within the network or the overall network, the Scheduling parameters for the network type apply. If you schedule within the project planning board or using structure planning, the Parameters for WBS scheduling apply..

(58) PLM220. Internal. Partner. Figure 34: Dates of Milestones. Figure 34 “Dates of Milestones” shows a milestone that is assigned to a network activity. The planned date is either entered manually or with reference to the activity. If the date refers to the activity dates, you must decide whether it is to refer to the earliest or latest dates and the start or the end of the activity. Additionally, you enter a positive or negative offset for this reference date.. Use. SAP. Only. Unit 2: Dates. You can also assign milestones to WBS elements. As of Release 4.6, the planned dates for a milestone can refer to the basic start or finish date of a WBS element.. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 50. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(59) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Exercise 2: Scheduling Exercise Objectives After completing this exercise, you will be able to: • Perform time scheduling with predefined scenarios • Use relationships and restrictions. Only Partner. Using the project planning board, you calculate the dates and floats for carrying out the individual activities of your turbine project. At the same time, you also take into account the time-based dependencies of the individual activities, as well as other conditions.. SAP. Call up the project planning board.. 2.. Open your project T-100## in the project planning board. Use the 1001 Elevators/Turbines planning board profile.. 3.. Optimize the project display to show all activities completely.. 4.. Plan dates for your project using the predefined “bottom-up” scenario.. Partner. 1.. SAP. Use. Use. Task 1:. First check the time scheduling settings and set the scheduling scenario to Bottom-up scenario (pre-defined) if necessary.. Hint: The “bottom-up” scheduling scenario is set so that all activity dates are determined and then the earliest and latest dates for each are transferred to the assigned WBS elements as planned dates. To finish, the planned dates are extrapolated for upper-level WBS elements within the hierarchy.. Continued on next page. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 51. Only. Internal. Next, plan the dates for your entire project.. 2006 / Q2. Internal. Business Example.

(60) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. 5.. Check the floats for your project. Display both the earliest and the latest dates. Hint: Scheduling always calculates the dates of activities forwards and backwards. Each activity (and activity element) thus has two time bars. Different colors (usually blue and red) are used to distinguish between activities in the planning board that still have or no longer have time floats.. Only. Reduce the duration of activity 4000 Production of running gear, bearing, valves to 30 days and see what effect this has on scheduling.. How are activities 3000 and 3100 affected? 7.. Save your schedule without saving the user-specific changes you made to the project planning board.. SAP. Now take a look at the scheduling details for your project. Once again, use the project planning board for this purpose.. 2.. Create another two internally-processed activities within activity 5010 Planning of instrumentation. The activities will be linked to each other at a later stage.. 3.. Input the details for the two new activities. Enter the following data in the detail screen for the new activity 5020: Field name. Values. Text. Detailed planning for instruments. Work center. 2000. Work. 10 hours. Normal duration. 3 days Continued on next page. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. 1.. Partner. Use. SAP. Task 2:. 52. Use. Partner. Hint: Although the system adjusts the time bars of activity 4000 in the graphic, the overall project dates are no longer up to date. You need to perform scheduling again. Note the changes to activities 3000 and 3100.. Internal. 6..

(61) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. 4.. Field name. Values. Text. Corrections for instruments. Work center. 2000. Work. 10 hours. Normal duration. 72 hours. Internal. Only. Go to the detail screen for activity 5030. Enter the following data:. Reschedule your entire project.. 5.. Link activities 5010, 5020 and 5030 with relationships. Use FS (finish-start) relationships to link the activities in the sequence of your activity numbers.. 6.. Schedule your entire project again.. Use. Partner. How does scheduling affect the WBS elements in the project?. SAP. 8.. Reschedule your project and observe the change.. 9.. Use the table to create an FS relationship between activity 5030 and activity 3100 Material procurement plant components.. 10. Schedule your entire project again and analyze the change.. Partner. The three activities are not yet integrated in the rest of the network. In the graphic, create an FS relationship between activity 1000 and activity 5010.. SAP. 7.. Use. Note how the time bars for activities 5010, 5020 and 5030 change.. 11. Check the floats in your project.. What is the total float of the activity? _____________ How big is the free float of the activity? _____________ Display the total float directly in the diagram area. Configure the system in such a way that only those activities with a negative total float are highlighted as critical activities. 12. Activity 5020 Detailed planning for instruments is not to start before a certain date. Set a date constraint for the start date in the Dates detail screen of the activity. Continued on next page. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 53. Only. Internal. First, click the Dates tab on the detail screen for activity 5010 Planning of instrumentation..

(62) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. As start date, enter the earliest start date plus one week in the future. 13. Reschedule your entire project. How big is the free float of the activity now? _____________ Why does activity 5010 have a free float? 14. Save your project schedule without saving the user-specific changes you made to the project planning board.. Use. Partner. Only. Internal. SAP. SAP Only. Internal. Use. Partner. 54. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2.

(63) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. Solution 2: Scheduling Task 1: 1.. Call up the project planning board.. 2.. Open your project T-100## in the project planning board. Use the 1001 Elevators/Turbines planning board profile.. Optimize the project display to show all activities completely. a). 4.. Enter your project in the Project def. field, select W. activities, enter the corresponding planning board profile and select Open project. To optimize the graphic area, choose Adapt graphic area.. Use. Partner. a) 3.. SAP Menu → Logistics → Project System → Project → Project Planning Board → Change Project (Double-click to select transaction). Plan dates for your project using the predefined “bottom-up” scenario.. SAP. SAP. First check the time scheduling settings and set the scheduling scenario to Bottom-up scenario (pre-defined) if necessary. Next, plan the dates for your entire project.. Use. Set the scheduling scenario to Bottom-up scenario (pre-defined) if necessary, and confirm your input with Copy. To plan the dates for your entire project, first choose Select all to select all objects. Finally, start the scheduling procedure by clicking the appropriate icon.. Continued on next page. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 55. Only. Internal. First check the time scheduling settings. Choose Options.. Partner. Hint: The “bottom-up” scheduling scenario is set so that all activity dates are determined and then the earliest and latest dates for each are transferred to the assigned WBS elements as planned dates. To finish, the planned dates are extrapolated for upper-level WBS elements within the hierarchy. a). Internal. Only. a).

(64) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. 5.. Check the floats for your project. Display both the earliest and the latest dates. Hint: Scheduling always calculates the dates of activities forwards and backwards. Each activity (and activity element) thus has two time bars. Different colors (usually blue and red) are used to distinguish between activities in the planning board that still have or no longer have time floats.. Only. Choose Set of Dates/View. Activate the Latest date indicator and confirm your data entries by clicking Confirm.. Reduce the duration of activity 4000 Production of running gear, bearing, valves to 30 days and see what effect this has on scheduling. Hint: Although the system adjusts the time bars of activity 4000 in the graphic, the overall project dates are no longer up to date. You need to perform scheduling again. Note the changes to activities 3000 and 3100.. SAP. a). Double-click the line containing activity 4000 to call up the detail screen for the activity.. Use. Confirm your entries by clicking the Back icon. Choose Select all again to select all objects and start scheduling with the relevant icons. The extended duration of the activity affects the entire network: Activity 3000 was previously critical (it had negative floats and was shown in red in the diagram area). After scheduling, it has positive floats (and is shown in blue). Activity 3100 behaves in a completely different way. In the network structure graphic, you can see that the activities lie in two different, parallel paths. Before scheduling, the first path (with activity 3000) is the critical path in the network. After scheduling, the other path (with activity 3100) represents the critical path.. Continued on next page. 56. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. b). Partner. Reduce the duration of the activity to 30 days. To do this, modify the Normal duration field on the Internal tab.. SAP. How are activities 3000 and 3100 affected?. Use. Partner. 6.. Internal. a).

(65) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. 7.. Save your schedule without saving the user-specific changes you made to the project planning board. a). Choose Save and, where applicable, answer the confirmation prompt about saving user-dependent data by choosing No.. Task 2:. Only. Now take a look at the scheduling details for your project. Once again, use the project planning board for this purpose. a). SAP Menu → Logistics → Project System → Project → Project Planning Board → Change Project (Double-click to select transaction). As before, optimize the project display by clicking the Zoom in on graphic and Adapt graphic area icons. Create another two internally-processed activities within activity 5010 Planning of instrumentation. The activities will be linked to each other at a later stage. a). SAP. SAP. 2.. Select activity 5010 Planning of instrumentation. Choose Create.. Use. Double-click the Activity (internal) object in the templates area.. Create the second activity. Double-click the Activity (internal) object in the templates area once again. Hide the templates area. To do this, click the Open/close left-hand window icon.. 3.. Input the details for the two new activities. Enter the following data in the detail screen for the new activity 5020:. Continued on next page. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 57. Only. Internal. The system creates an internal processing activity with default values. The assignment to the WBS element is copied by the selected activity. The detailed settings for the activity will be carried out later.. Partner. The templates area is shown on the left of the project planning board.. b). Use. Partner. Enter your project in the Project definition field, select With activities, and click the Open project icon.. Internal. 1..

(66) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. Field name. Values. Text. Detailed planning for instruments. Work center. 2000. Work. 10 hours. Normal duration. 3 days. Only Partner. Values. Text. Corrections for instruments. Work center. 2000. Work. 10 hours. Normal duration. 72 hours. SAP. Call up the detail screen for the activities. Click the Detailed information for object icon.. Use. With the CTRL key pressed, select the two activities.. Choose Next.. SAP. a). Use. Field name. Internal. Go to the detail screen for activity 5030. Enter the following data:. Enter the following data in the detail screen for activity 5020.. Internal. Exit editing using the Back icon. 4.. Reschedule your entire project. a). Only. How does scheduling affect the WBS elements in the project? To select all objects, choose Select all. Start the scheduling procedure by clicking the appropriate icon. “Bottom-up” is still selected as the scheduling scenario. The activity dates are transferred to the higher-level WBS elements. In the above example, the scheduled dates of WBS element Planning of instrumentation are adjusted. Note the different durations (3 days or 72 hours) of the two new activities.. Continued on next page. 58. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. Partner. The detail screen for activity 5030 appears. Enter the data specified.. 2006 / Q2.

(67) PLM220. Lesson: Scheduling of Activities and Networks. 5.. Link activities 5010, 5020 and 5030 with relationships. Use FS (finish-start) relationships to link the activities in the sequence of your activity numbers. a). Hold down the CTRL key, and select only activities 5010, 5020, and 5030. Select Connect selected activities.. Only. 6.. Schedule your entire project again.. Partner. Note how the time bars for activities 5010, 5020 and 5030 change. a). To select all objects, choose Select all.. Internal. The system creates FS relationships between the activities. The order of the relationships is determined by the order in which the activities are displayed in the planning board (from top to bottom). This is defined by default via the activity numbers, but it can also be defined using filter, group, or sort functions.. Start the scheduling procedure by clicking the appropriate icon.. Use. The planned dates of activities 5010, 5020, and 5030 now follow each other in sequence. The three activities are not yet integrated in the rest of the network. In the graphic, create an FS relationship between activity 1000 and activity 5010. a). Activate the connect mode. To do this, choose Switch connect mode on/off.. Use. With the mouse button pressed, drag the cursor from the right half of activity 1000 to the left half of activity 5010, and release the mouse button.. 8.. Reschedule your project and observe the change. a). To select all objects, choose Select all. Start the scheduling procedure by clicking the appropriate icon. Activity 5010 (and therefore also activities 5020 and 5030) now starts once activity 1000 is finished.. Continued on next page. 2006 / Q2. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 59. Only. Internal. Finally, choose Switch connect mode on/off again to deactivate connect mode.. Partner. The cursor is displayed as a pencil in the graphic area. Create the FS relationship.. SAP. SAP. 7..

(68) Unit 2: Dates. PLM220. 9.. Use the table to create an FS relationship between activity 5030 and activity 3100 Material procurement plant components. a). Select activity 5030 and choose edit relationship (tabular). A list of the activity relationships appears. Create the FS relationship for activity 3100. Choose the Successor tab page.. Internal. Only. Select the Material procurement plant components activity in the Activity selection section. Choose Create relationship and confirm your input using Back. 10. Schedule your entire project again and analyze the change. To select all objects, choose Select all. Start the scheduling procedure by clicking the appropriate icon. The new relationship affects the latest date of operations 5010, 5020, and 5030. The dates of the higher-level WBS element were changed accordingly. 11. Check the floats in your project.. SAP. What is the total float of the activity? _____________. Use. a). Double-click either the time bar of activity 5010 or the activity number. Go to the Dates tab and note the total float. Finally, click the Back icon to exit the detail screen.. b). Choose the Options icon. Choose Planning board in the navigation area and then click the Diagram area tab page. Select the Show total float indicator. Enter the value “1-” in the Critical from field (note the sign) Confirm your data entries by clicking Copy. Continued on next page. 60. © 2006 SAP AG. All rights reserved.. 2006 / Q2. Only. Internal. Display the total float directly in the diagram area. Configure the system in such a way that only those activities with a negative total float are highlighted as critical activities.. Partner. How big is the free float of the activity? _____________. SAP. First, click the Dates tab on the detail screen for activity 5010 Planning of instrumentation.. Use. Partner. a).

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