Vol 1, No 11 (2012)

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Eur. Chem. Bull. 2012, 1(11), 470-476 DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2012.1.470

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CORROSION INHIBITION BY AMINO ACIDS - AN OVER

REVIEW

S. GOWRI

[a],*

_{, J. SATHIYABAMA}

[a]

_{, S. RAJENDRAN}

[a],[b]

Keywords: corrosion inhibition, amino acids, polarization, metals and alloys.

Amino acids have the ability to control corrosion of various metals such as carbon steel, zinc, tin and copper. It behaves as an inhibitor in acid medium, neutral medium and in desecrated carbonate solution. Various techniques like weight loss method, polarization study and AC impedance spectra have been used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of amino acids. The protective film has been analyzed by IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and auger electron spectroscopy. Adsorption of amino acid on metal surface obeys Langmuir, Flory-Huggins or Temkin isotherm, depending on nature of metal and corrosive environment. Polarization study reveals that amino acids can function as anodic or cathodic or mixed type of inhibitor depending on nature of metal and corrosive environment.

* Corresponding Author

E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] [a] PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Corrosion

Research Centre, GTN Arts College, Dindigul-624 005, India. [b] Department of Chemistry, RVS School of Engineering and

Technology, Dindigul, India.

1. Introduction

Generally amino acids have two polar groups, namely, one amino group and one carboxyl group. It can coordinate with metals through the nitrogen atom and oxygen atom of the carboxyl group. So it has been widely used as corrosion inhibitor1-58_{. It has the ability to control the corrosion of a} wide variety of metals such pure iron, carbon steel, zinc aluminum and tin. It behaves as corrosion inhibitor in acid medium, neutral medium and in deaerated carbonate solution. Various techniques have been used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of amino acids and to analyze the nature of protective film formed on the metal surface. Depending on the nature of metal and nature of corrosive environment amino acids obeys different types of isotherms and behaves as different type of inhibitor, namely, anodic, cathodic or mixed type.

2. DISSCUSION

2.1. Metals

Amino acids and derivatives of amino acids have been used to prevent the corrosion of a wide variety of metals. Amino acids and its derivatives have the ability to prevent

the corrosion of carbon steel (mild steel)

1,5,6,911,17,19,20,22,23,27,29,31,32,37,50,53,54,56,58,66,69_{, Cu-Ni alloys}8,26,35_,

aluminum38,39,51,52_{, aluminum 7075 alloy}10,48_{, aluminum} sili-con carbide composite30_{, pure iron}16,40_{, stainless steel}13_, copper3,14,18,21,25,36,43,61,64,67,68_{, aluminum and zinc pigments}44_, nickel2,65_{, tin}41_{, NST-44carbon steel}15,27,34,44_{, Pb-Ca-Sn}

alloy24_{, Pb-Sb-Se-As alloy}28,33_{, reinforcing steel}42_{, sulfur on} the corrosion of mild steel46_{, aluminum and magnesium} alloys47_{, Armco iron}49_{, copper electrode}55_{, cobalt}34_{, brass}7_, and bronze12_.

2.2. Medium

Amino acids and its derivates have been used as inhibitor to prevent corrosion of metals in various environments-acidic neutral and deaerated carbonate solutions. The mainly used acid is hydrochloric acid1,6,9,11,16-18,25,30-32,36,55_{and rarely} used acids are sulphuric acid8,13,24,28,33,57,58_{, citric acid}40_, acetic acid26_{, sodium chloride}7,10_{, sulfamic acid}19_{, lime fluid} (citrus aurantifolia)27,34_,_{and nitric acid}3,21_.

2.3. Techniques

Even though several modern techniques are on the anvil, the mainly used methods in evaluation of inhibition efficiency of amino acids in preventing corrosion of metals are weight loss method3,5,11,13,15,21,24,28,31,33,34,36,38,40,49_, electrochemical studies such as polarization and AC impedance spectra1,3,4,6-8,11,13,20,21,23-26,28,29,31-33,35-38,40,42,43,45,46,

49,51,52,54,55,61-69_{and cyclic voltammetery}51_{. XPS has been}

used to analyze the film formed on carbon steel surface29_. SEM technique has been used to study the morphology of the corroded surface of zinc in acidic medium in the presence of luecine and methionine22,24_{. Infrared} spect-roscopy has been used to analyse the protective film formed on the metal surface50_.

2.4. Adsorption

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Corrosion inhibition by amino acids Section A-Review

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2.5. Langmuir adsorption isotherm

This type of isotherm is observed when iron immersed in HCl, in the presence of methionine and tyrosine16_{. Similar} observation has been made when mild steel was immersed in HCl, in the presence of cysteine and N-acetylcystein, methionine and cystine46_.

2.6. Flory-Huggins isotherm

This type of isotherm is obeyed when carbon steel is immersed in HCl, in the presence of decylamides of α-amino acid derivatives29_{. Morad observed that} Flory-Huggins isotherm is obeyed when mild steel was immersed in sulfamic acid in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (ACC), cysteine (RSH), S-benzylcysteine (BzC) cystine (RSSR) methionine (CH3SR)19.

2.7. Temkin isotherm

This type of isotherm is obeyed when is Al-SiC(p) composite in immersed in HCl in the presence of amino acid glycyl glycine30_{. The type of adsorption very much depends} on the nature of metal, environment and amino acids used.

2.7.1. Mechanism of corrosion inhibition

Amino acids H2NCH2COOH, has two polar groups, namely, one amino group and one carboxyl group. It can coordinate with metals through nitrogen atom and oxygen atom.

Inhibition of corrosion of metals by amino acids is attributed to the adsorption of amino acids on the metal surface. The adsorption obeys Langmuir isotherm or Flory-Huggins isotherm or Temkin isotherm depending on the nature of metal and corrosive environment. Adsorption may be physisorption or chemisorption; film formation is also attributed 3, 9, 27, and 38_{. The degree of inhibition efficiency} depends on molecular structure of amino acids and its solubility rather than difference in molecular weights alone 1_. Strength of the inhibitor-metal bond also plays a major role in deciding the degree of inhibition by amino acids 2_. Polarization study reveals that amino acids functions as anodic inhibitor or cathodic inhibitor or mixed type of inhibitor depending on the nature of environment and nature of metal.

2.7.2. Anodic inhibitor

dl-alanine and dl-cysteine, function as anodic inhibitor in controlling corrosion of copper in HCl medium 36_.

2.7.3. Cathodic inhibitor

Glycine, valine, alanine, and tyrosine behaved as cathodic inhibitors in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid 32_.

2.7.4. Mixed type inhibitor

cysteine (RSH), methionine (CH3SR), cystine (RSSR) and N-acetylcysteine (ACC) system retarded both the anodic and cathodic partial reactions of mild steel in phosphoric acids solutions37_.

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