A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge level among student nurses regarding needle stick injury in selected college of nursing in Jalandhar,
Punjab.
GIRISH, AMITY COLLEGE OF NURSING, AMITY UNIVERSITY, HARYANA
ABSTRACT
A quasi-experimental was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of structured programme on knowledge level regarding needle stick injury among nursing students in selected college of Jalandhar, Punjab. The objectives of the study were: to assess the pretest & posttest knowledge level of nursing students regarding needle stick injury, to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of student nurses regarding needle stick injury, to assess the relationship of knowledge with selected demographic variables. A sample of 60 nursing students of army college of nursing were selected by simple randomization technique. The knowledge of students was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire. Results in pretest showed that 29(48.33%) were having adequate knowledge, 25(38.34%) were having moderate knowledge & 6(13.33%) were having inadequate knowledge. A significant improvement in knowledge was found in post-test: 54(90%) were having adequate knowledge, 46(6.67%) were moderate knowledge & 2(3.33%) were having inadequate knowledge.
A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge level among student nurses regarding needle stick injury in selected college of nursing in Jalandhar, Punjab
Introduction
Needle stick injuriesare frequent occurrence among healthcare nurses. The centers for disease control estimates that about 600,00 to one million needle stick injuries occur each year. Unfortunately, about half of these injuries go unreported (CDC, 2007). The American nurses Association(ANA) estimates that of the numerous needle stick injuries only about 1,000 healthcare workers actually contract an infection. Besides exposure to blood borne pathogens, the nurse is also at risk for about 20 other infections that can be transmitted through a needle stick, including tuberculosis, syphilis & malaria. When a nurse is exposed to a needle stick, the risk of transmitting various types of blood borne pathogens from an infected patient to a health care worker is greatly increased(ANA, 2007). Despite the growing body of knowledge concerning needle sticks in practicing nurses, there has been little research focusing on needle sticks in the student population. The purpose of this study was to determine the awareness of needle sticks among the nursing students in Army College of nursing.
Objectives
To assess the pretest & posttest knowledge level of nursing students regarding needle stick injury To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of student nurses
regarding needle stick injury
To assess the relationship of knowledge with selected demographic variables.
Review of Literature
Zafar A(2003) A cross sectional study on knowledge, attitude & practice among health care worker by using self structured questionnaire regarding needle stick injury at tertiary care hospital by the department of pathology and microbiology, karachi. Result showed out of 80 participants, 29 were doctors & 5 were registered nurses. About 45% reported of having a needle stick injury in the past. Frequency of injury was significantly higher among doctors. The most common reason identified was stress or being over burdened followed by careless attitude. More than 50% of the injuries occurred while injecting or drawing blood sample.
Askarian et al(2002); a descriptive study to assess the knowledge and attitude towards the needle stick injury among the 60 randomly selected students of Malaysia medical institute who were interviewed using a 15 items structured validated questionnaire method. The result revealed that only 50% subject had adequate knowledge of new devices and the safety features.
Tajmue saleem(2010); conducted a cross sectional study on knowledge, attitude & practice of medical & nursing student’s regarding Needle stick injury in Afganistan. The response rate of study was 85.7%(61) students were from 3rd & 4th year each. More than 85% studentsfrom each class were aware of the possibility of acquisition of Hep B, Hep C and HIV from needle stick injury. Only 16.4% 3rd year students & 29.5% 4th year students know the full detail of needle stick injury prevention protocols.
Punjab. The study was conducted in the Army college of nursing, Jalandhar. The study participants (i.e 60) were chose by simple random and purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire was developed for data collection. The pilot study was conducted before the main study and it elicited that the study was feasible. The tool was found to be highly reliable and valid. During the data collection, the researcher introduced herself to each subject and they were informed about the purpose of the study and an informed consent was taken. Ethical clearance for the study was taken from the institutional ethical committee.
Results
Figure:1 Distribution of samples according to level of knowledge in pre test and post test
Table:1 Comparison of mean pre test & post test knowledge score
Characteristics No. of
Samples Mean
Standard Deviation
Degree of
freedom t-test
Pre test 60 16.81 3.21 59
7.03***
Post test 1 60 20.71 2.85 59
Pre test 60 16.81 3.21 59
7.28***
Post test 2 60 21.12 3.22 59
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00%
Adequate Moderate Inadequate
48.33%
38%
13.33% 90.00%
6.67% 3%
83.33%
15.00%
1.67%
Pretest
Post test1
Table:2 Association with the demographic variables
Demographic Variables
Degree of freedom
Chisquare
Age 4 6.11 NS
Years of Experience 4 8.87 NS
Clinical Experience 4 8.87 NS
History of needle stick injury 2 0.82 NS
Source of knowledge 1 95.4***
Discussion
In the present study age distribution showed that majority of subjects were between 18-19years. Majority of samples did not have needle stick injury. Approximately half of the students revealed of having source of knowledge through class room. In the pre-test 48.33% of nursing students had adequate knowledge, 38.34% had moderate knowledge and the rest of them had inadequate knowledge. In the post-test-I majority(90%) of the nursing students had adequate knowledge, 6.67% of them had moderate level of knowledge and 3.33% had inadequate level of knowledge. Whereas, in post-test II majority(83.33%) had adequate level of knowledge, 15% had moderate and 1.67% had inadequate level of knowledge. This shows that there was significant improvement of knowledge. Study also revealed that there was no association between mean pretest knowledge score of nursing students with the demographic variables.
Nursing Implications
Nursing Practice:
Nurses should have knowledge regarding needle stick injury and should be aware of the prevention of needle stick injury.
Nursing Administration:
It plays a vital role in the supervision and management of the nursing profession. Nurse administrators need to organize nursing education programmes on needle stick injury among nursing students.
Nursing Education:
The knowledge base for nursing practice can be developed through nursing education. The findings would help to develop an insight into the importance of education regarding needle stick injury among nursing students.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY
1. The study can be conducted at the national level for better generalizations.
CONCLUSION
Needle stick injuries are frequent occurrence among healthcare nurses. The centers for disease control estimates that about 600,000 to one million needle stick injuries occur each year. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on the knowledge of nursing students regarding needle stick injury in Army college of nursing. Study revealed that most of the subjects had adequate knowledge (48.33%), (38.34%) had moderate knowledge and 13.33% had inadequate knowledge in the pretest. In the posttest-I after structured teaching programme, results showed that, 90% had adequate knowledge, 6.67% had moderate knowledge and 3.33% had inadequate, which was found to decrease in posttest-II i.e 83.33% subjects had adequate knowledge, 15% of subjects had moderate knowledge and 1.67 had inadequate knowledge. Paired”t” test also showed significant increase in the knowledge score.
Structured teaching programme implemented during the study equipped nursing students with better knowledge regarding different aspects of needle stick injury. Significant knowledge gain was found in all the aspects of knowledge variables identified for the teaching. Hence the teaching programme was effective.
References
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