Chapter 4 The Union in Peril.pptx

THE UNION IN PERIL

EQ: HOW DID THE ECONOMIC

AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS

AMONG THE STATES

Divisive Politics of Slavery

I. Differences Between North &South

A. Slavery in the Territories

1. Wilmot Proviso- no slavery or

involuntary servitude in territories gained by the Mexican American War

2. Missouri Compromise 1820- Maine

enters as a free state, Missouri as a slave, north is free

 _{CA. is a free state}

 _{Slave trade banned in Washington}

D.C.

 _{Texas boundary fixed}

 _{Stricter fugitive slave laws}

 _{UT. And NM. Decided about slavery}

Resistance

1. Underground railroad- network to hide fugitive slaves

Harriet Tubman- RR conductor and escaped slave

2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin- Harriet Beecher Stowe said that slavery was a moral issue

3. Popular Sovereignty- people decided if the territory will be free or slave

4. Kansas Nebraska Act 1854- divided

territories into 2 areas, and allowed pop. Sov. 5. Bleeding Kansas- fighting between men who

C. Slavery and Secession

1. Dred Scott Decision-said he couldn’t sue in any court b/c he was not a

citizen, also that under the 5th am. He

2. Harper’s Ferry, WV- John Brown planned slave revolt, didn’t work, Brown executed

3. Lincoln is elected President 1860, first Republican, won with less than half the popular vote, and no

electoral votes from South

The Civil War Begins

A. Strengths

Union

 More manpower  _{More factories}  _{More food}

 _Railroads

Confederates

Union Strategies:

Anaconda Plan



Blockade ports

_{Control the}

Mississippi river

splitting the

Confederates



_{Take the capitol}

of Richmond

Confederate

Strategies:



_{Stay put and be}

Lincoln

1. Main goal was to preserve the UNION

Emancipation Proclamation

2. Lincoln didn’t especially want to abolish slavery

3. The Confed. used slaves as labor

during war. They were “ supplies”: if the union army could emancipate

The North Takes Charge

The Tide Turns

A. Gettysburg

1. Lee invaded North for supplies and support

2. Pennsylvania, battle began July 1 to July 3

3. After Union victory, Lee decided to not invade North

B. Gettysburg Address

1. Nov. 1863 ceremony to dedicate the cemetery

2. Lincoln spoke for two minutes

II. The Confederacy Wears Down

A. Total War

1. Ulysses Grant in charge of Union army put William Sherman as

commander in the South

2. They both believed in total war, if

Sherman’s March

1. 1864 Sherman’s march to the sea creating a path of destruction

2. Burned houses, destroyed livestock and RR

Surrender

1. April 3, 1865 Union troops conquered Richmond

2. April 9,1865 Appomattox Court

House, Lee and Grant met to arrange a surrender

3. Grant let Lee’s soldiers go home

with their weapons, 3 days worth of rations, officers were allowed to

keep their firearms

IV. War Changes Lives

A. 13th Amendment

1. Neither slavery or involuntary

Lincoln assassinated

1. April 14, 1865 5 days after Lee

surrendered Lincoln was shot in the back of the head by John Wilkes

Booth at a play.

3. 14th amendment grants citizenship

to anyone born in the United States

4. 15th amendment grants the right to

Reconstruction and Its Effects

I. Politics

A. Lincoln’s Plan

1. Period of rebuilding the South

1865-1877

2. 10% plan pardon all confederate

officials as long as they took and oath of allegiance

3. They could form new state gov’t and

send Representatives to Congress

B. Johnson’s Plan

1. Almost the same as Lincoln’s

2. Said that all Southerners could take oath and vote

3. He pardoned white men so that they could manage the South

4. They worked fast to send

C. Congressional Reconstruction

1. 14th am.- gave U.S. citizenship to all

persons born or naturalized in the U.S.

2. Overrule the Dred Scott case

D. Johnson Impeached

1. Radical Rep. thought he was blocking reconstruction

E. Ulysses Grant elected

1. 1868 republican won with the votes of Afr. Americans

2. 15th am.- that no one can be kept from voting

because of race, color, or previous servitude

II. Reconstruction Society

A. Conditions of Post War South

1. Economy devastated

2. Farms ruined, men dead

B. Politics of Post War South

1. Scalawags- white Southerners who joined the republican party who did not want former wealthy to gain

control

2. Carpetbaggers- Northerners who moved South to take advantage economically

C. Former Slaves Lives

1. Sharecropping- landowners divided their former plantations and

assigned each head of household a few acres with seed and tools

2. Tenant farming- rented land only

III. Collapse of Reconstruction Opposition

1. KKK- goals were to destroy the

Republican party and prevent Afr. American from voting

2. Used violence and refused to hire Afr. Amer. Who voted republican

3. Enforcement Act 1870 to keep KKK in check

4. Compromise of 1877 ends

TEST REVIEW

 _Appomatto

x

 ₁₃th

amend.

 ₁₄th

amend.

 ₁₅th

amend.  _Clara Barton  _Gettysburg  _Gettysburg address  _Lincoln’s plan /Johnson’s plan  _Impeachm ent/ Johnson  _Radical Republican s

 _{Robert E.}

Lee  _Harriet Tubman  _Rutherford Hayes  _George McClellan  _Ulysses S.Grant  _Kansas Nebraska Act

 Total war/

Sherman &Grant

 _{KKK &}

Enforcement Act

 Carpetbaggers  Sharecroppers  _{Compromise of}

1850

 _{Lincoln’s goal}  _{Know the 13}th,

14th &15th

amendments explain each

 _{Advantages that}

both sides had before the war started

 Military