Southern Colonization
Southern Colonization
Geography
Geography
England
England
Roanoke, 1587
Roanoke, 1587
Why go?
Why go?
Jamestown, 1607
Jamestown, 1607
John Smith
John Smith
Starving time, 1609-1610
Starving time, 1609-1610
Headright system
Headright system
Indentured servant
Indentured servant
House of Burgesses
House of Burgesses
Maryland
Maryland
Carolina
Carolina
Georgia
Georgia
Other info
Other info
Southern Colonies: Geography
Southern Colonies: Geography
●
Tidewater Area: Low lying nutrient rich soil.
Tidewater Area: Low lying nutrient rich soil.
Excellent for growing crops/ transporting
Excellent for growing crops/ transporting
crops
crops
●
Longer Growing Season
Longer Growing Season
●
Climate: Warm and Moist- good for cash
Climate: Warm and Moist- good for cash
crops
crops
●
Backcountry: Thick forest; not good for
Backcountry: Thick forest; not good for
growing, but good for hunting.
England
England
England began to
England began to
compete for land in
compete for land in
the new world
the new world
Main competitors?
Main competitors?
Queen Elizabeth
Queen Elizabeth
Must begin to
Must begin to
colonize to compete
colonize to compete
with European
with European
Sir Walter Raleigh sent
Sir Walter Raleigh sent
an expedition to scout
an expedition to scout
the sounds, etc in the
the sounds, etc in the
area
area
The next year the
The next year the
Natives returned with
Natives returned with
them: Manteo and
them: Manteo and
Wanchese
Wanchese
1584: First English to NC
Roanoke, 1585
Roanoke, 1585
The English began to seek
The English began to seek
settlements in the New
settlements in the New
World of America and began
World of America and began
with Roanoke
with Roanoke
in 1585
in 1585
First attempt at English
First attempt at English
colonization
colonization
Off of the coast of Virginia
Off of the coast of Virginia
(named after the Queen)
(named after the Queen)
Led by Ralph Lane they
Led by Ralph Lane they
arrived too late in the season
arrived too late in the season
for growing and created
for growing and created
conflicts with the Roanoke
conflicts with the Roanoke
Indians (killing their chief)
Indians (killing their chief)
Colonists found starving and
Colonists found starving and
taken back home by Sir
taken back home by Sir
Francis Drake in 1586
Roanoke Island Settlement
Roanoke Island Settlement
1587
1587
Led by John WhiteLed by John White (friend of Sir Walter (friend of Sir Walter Raleigh)
Raleigh)
117 colonists 117 colonists
White’s daughter includedWhite’s daughter included Manteo returnedManteo returned
Each settler would receive 500 acres of Each settler would receive 500 acres of land & some view in the government of
land & some view in the government of
the colony.
the colony.
White sailed back to get more supplies White sailed back to get more supplies (delayed 3 years by war)
(delayed 3 years by war)
In 1590 White returned and found the In 1590 White returned and found the colony had disappeared: Lost Colony
colony had disappeared: Lost Colony
White had to leave before a search could White had to leave before a search could be started (hurricane)
be started (hurricane)
Colonization increased after the defeat Colonization increased after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588
Dare
Dare
Stone
Stone
•Virginia Dare (first English
child born in America)
•Stone found in Edenton near
Chowan River
•Indian attack; moved inland
•Fake?
Anaias Dare & Virginia Dare went
hence into heaven 1591
Dare Stone
Father, soon after you went to England, we came
here / Only misery & a war torn year / About half are
dead for two years or more from sickness, we are four
& twenty / Savage with a message of a ship was
brought to us / In a small space of time they became
afraid of revenge (by British) and all ran away / We
believe it was not you / Soon after the savages, fearing
angry spirits / Suddenly murdered all, save seven / My
child, Ananias too, were slain with much misery /
Other “stones” followed..
Other “stones” followed..
Eberhardt stones found by
Eberhardt stones found by
stonecutter William
stonecutter William
Eberhardt in Georgia…said
Eberhardt in Georgia…said
he found 42 stones with
he found 42 stones with
more info
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Many went to look for gold, passages to India, etc.
Many went to look for gold, passages to India, etc.
Not for long term colonization
Not for long term colonization
The Virginia Company was given a charter by the Queen that
The Virginia Company was given a charter by the Queen that
Jamestown-1607
1607
Jamestown Jamestown was the first was the first
permanent English settlement
permanent English settlement
in America; founded by the
in America; founded by the
Virginia Company
Virginia Company
They faced many problems:They faced many problems: disease, famine, leadership disease, famine, leadership
problems
problems
John SmithJohn Smithtook control of the took control of the colony and said if you don’t
colony and said if you don’t
work, you don’t eat
work, you don’t eat
Required four hours of work in Required four hours of work in the farms daily
the farms daily
Many who came to America Many who came to America were not used to the hardships
were not used to the hardships
they faced
they faced
Told that if they didn’t make a Told that if they didn’t make a profit, they would lose financial
profit, they would lose financial
support
support
Many came looking for gold; Many came looking for gold; not looking for food
Time of famine in Jamestown Time of famine in Jamestown during the winter of 1609
during the winter of 1609
Smith had left the colony due Smith had left the colony due to a gunpowder accident and
to a gunpowder accident and
new supplies (and colonists)
new supplies (and colonists)
sank off the coast of Bermuda
sank off the coast of Bermuda
Two desperate colonists were Two desperate colonists were tied to posts and left to starve
tied to posts and left to starve
as punishment for raiding the
as punishment for raiding the
colonies' stores. One colonist
colonies' stores. One colonist
even took to cannibalism,
even took to cannibalism,
eating his own wife.
eating his own wife.
More supplies eventually More supplies eventually followed and a new crop
followed and a new crop
helped make the colony
helped make the colony
Driven by desperate
famine, a colonist in
the Starving Time
killed and ate his
pregnant wife.
He was then seized, hanged by his thumbs
until he confessed, and burned alive.
Confession was coaxed by means of
Likely part of purification or martial rites, cannibalism was
Likely part of purification or martial rites, cannibalism was
practiced by some Indian tribes, here in Theodore de Bry's 1592
practiced by some Indian tribes, here in Theodore de Bry's 1592
scene.
{
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John White Pictures
John White Pictures
Assignment
Assignment
•
Students will view each picture and in groups
Students will view each picture and in groups
use this to make assumptions about the
use this to make assumptions about the
groups\things depicted
groups\things depicted
•
We will then discuss what each group things
We will then discuss what each group things
Dancing Secotan Indians in North Carolina. Watercolour painted by John White
Dancing Secotan Indians in North Carolina. Watercolour painted by John White
in 1585.
Village of the Secotan in North Carolina. Watercolour painted by John White,
Village of the Secotan in North Carolina. Watercolour painted by John White,
1585.
Warrior of the Secotan
Warrior of the Secotan
Indians in North Carolina.
Indians in North Carolina.
Watercolour painted by John
Watercolour painted by John
White in 1585.
Watercolor drawing "Indian Village of Pomeiooc" by John White (created
Watercolor drawing "Indian Village of Pomeiooc" by John White (created
1585-1586)
"Indian Woman and Young
"Indian Woman and Young
Girl" by John White (created
Girl" by John White (created
1585-1586).
Watercolor drawing
Watercolor drawing
"Indian Man and
"Indian Man and
Woman Eating" by
Woman Eating" by
John White (created
John White (created
1585-1586).
Watercolor drawing
Watercolor drawing
"Indians Fishing" by John
"Indians Fishing" by John
White (created
White (created
1585-1586).
The manner of makinge their boates
The manner of makinge their boates
Engraving by De Bry (printed 1590).
Their Idol Kivvasa
Their Idol Kivvasa
Engraving (engraver unknown, printed 1590).
Saving the colony…..
Saving the colony…..
John Rolfe
John Rolfe
saved the colony
saved the colony
of Jamestown by getting help
of Jamestown by getting help
from the Indians to grow
from the Indians to grow
tobacco
tobacco
It was exported the England
It was exported the England
in large quantities
in large quantities
The crop saved the colony
The crop saved the colony
Colonists began to expand
Colonists began to expand
further inland
further inland
He later married Pocahontas
He later married Pocahontas
Daughter of Powhatan
Daughter of Powhatan
Not John Smith…thanks Disn
Pocahontas Document
Tobacco was labor intensive and labor was needed
Tobacco was labor intensive and labor was needed
African slaves too costly now
African slaves too costly now
Indians?
Indians?
Headright system:
Headright system:
pay your way to the New World and get free land
pay your way to the New World and get free land
(50 acres)
(50 acres)
You got even more land if you brought extra people with you
You got even more land if you brought extra people with you
Indentured Servant:
Indentured Servant:
someone pays your way and you work for them
someone pays your way and you work for them
for a set time
for a set time
Typically 3-7 years
Typically 3-7 years
Black and white
Black and white
There were laws that protected some of their rights.
There were laws that protected some of their rights.
An indentured servant's contract could be extended as punishment for
An indentured servant's contract could be extended as punishment for
breaking a law, such as running away, or in the case of female servants,
breaking a law, such as running away, or in the case of female servants,
becoming pregnant.
becoming pregnant.
Indentured Servant Document
Indentured Servant Document
Coming to America
1619: Two major events
1619: Two major events
First black slaves were
First black slaves were
introduced into the colonies (VA)
introduced into the colonies (VA)
House of Burgesses
House of Burgesses
representative colonial assembly
representative colonial assembly
Similar to Parliament in England
Similar to Parliament in England
Colonial assembly elected by the
Colonial assembly elected by the
people
people
The charter of Virginia was later
The charter of Virginia was later
revoked (1624) and Virginia
revoked (1624) and Virginia
became a royal colony headed by
became a royal colony headed by
a royal governor
a royal governor
To vote: 21, white, male, land owner
To vote: 21, white, male, land owner
Colonial Government
Maryland
Maryland
Established as a
Established as a
proprietary colony
proprietary colony
Land given by the king
Land given by the king
to Lord Baltimore
to Lord Baltimore
Established as a refuge
Established as a refuge
for Catholics fleeing
for Catholics fleeing
England
England
Tobacco
Tobacco
Act of Toleration, 1649
Act of Toleration, 1649
Religious toleration to
Religious toleration to
those who believed in
those who believed in
the divinity of Jesus (no
the divinity of Jesus (no
Jews or atheists)
Jews or atheists)
Led to
Led to
diverse
diverse
More toleration for most..
More toleration for most..
Toleration Act later
Toleration Act later
repealed taking away rights
repealed taking away rights
Carolina-1670
Carolina-1670
Charles II
Charles II
8 Lord Proprietors
8 Lord Proprietors
Rice and indifo became
Rice and indifo became
important crops; esp. SC
important crops; esp. SC
Brunswick county had some rice
Brunswick county had some rice
production
production
Naval stores (pitch, tar)
Naval stores (pitch, tar)
Led in more slaves
Led in more slaves
Charles Town
Charles Town
North Carolina not as
North Carolina not as
aristocratic like Virginia and SC
aristocratic like Virginia and SC
1719 NC became it’s own colony
1719 NC became it’s own colony
Both were royal colonies
Both were royal colonies
What is the oldest town in
What is the oldest town in
NC?
Georgia
Georgia
Georgia was est. 1733 as a
Georgia was est. 1733 as a
debtor colony
debtor colony
Debtors were those who
Debtors were those who
couldn’t pay their debts or
couldn’t pay their debts or
taxes
taxes
It was better than an
It was better than an
English jail
English jail
No slavery
No slavery
Among
Among
founder
founder
s:
s:
James
James
Oglethorpe
Oglethorpe
Also used as a buffer
Also used as a buffer
between Spanish and
between Spanish and
American colonies
Southern colonies develop quickly
Southern colonies develop quickly
due to cash crops and
due to cash crops and
Slavery
Slavery
began to provide cheap labor
began to provide cheap labor
(still in limited numbers)
(still in limited numbers)
Large amounts of land was being held
Large amounts of land was being held
by the few and an aristocratic class
by the few and an aristocratic class
emerged (not NC and Ga.)
emerged (not NC and Ga.)
Scattered towns made establishing
Scattered towns made establishing
churches and schools difficult
churches and schools difficult
More info
Tuscarora War
Tuscarora War
●
Conflict between
Conflict between
Tuscarora Indians
Tuscarora Indians
and North Carolina
and North Carolina
colonists over land
colonists over land
●
Many sold into
Many sold into
slavery
slavery
●
Some fled to New
Some fled to New
York
