هرود 4 هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 2 ، نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1389
Vol. 4, No. 2, Summer 2010
تﺎﺤﻔﺻ : 133 -129
Pages: 129-133
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد رﺎﻜﺷآﺎﻧ و رﺎﻜﺷآ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺛا
Effect
of assignments emotional content on explicit
and
implicit memory function of students
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
24 / 6 / 88 شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
: 24 / 1 / 89
ﻉﺭﺍﺯ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ۱
، ﻥﺎﻳﻭﺪﻬﻣ ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ ،
ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﻭﺮﻬﻧ ﻪﻧﺍﻭﺮﭘ ۱
Zare H. PhD, Mahdavian A. R. PhD, Nahravanian P. MSc
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﮑﺗ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ .
ﺵﻭﺭ : ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ
۹۰ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻔﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
. ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﮑﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
. ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﮑﺗ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ )
ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ (
ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ .
ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ .
ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ : ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﻣ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻲﻳﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ .
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ )
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ( ﺎﻳ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ ) ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ( ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﭙﺳ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ
ﯽﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺎﻫ : ﺗ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﮑ
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigated the effects of affective content of tasks on explicit and implicit memory function of students, in order to examine the difference in effect of pleasure and unpleasure events on memory.
Method: This is an experimental study with random selection of 90 university students that was conducted individually. Each subject received one task with positive, inactive and negative affective contents. Then, the rates of affective tasks recall measured using two methods for evaluation of explicit & implicit memory.
Results: Affective content tasks (positive, negative, inactive) had different effects on explicit and implicit memory function. Explicit memory had the best function associated with positive affective content tasks and the minimum memory function in negative task. Implicit memory function in both positive and negative affective tasks was better than inactive task.
Conclusion: Explicit memory has the highest efficiency for positive and pleasant affective issues; the lowest rate of efficiency is due to unpleasant and negative affective issues. In implicit memory, affective issues, being pleasant (positive) or unpleasant (negative), lead to better memorization of information, but inactive content has the minimum amount of influence on implicit memory.
Keywords: Affective Content Tasks, Explicit Memory, Implicit Memory, University Student
ناور هوﺮﮔ ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و ﻢﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
1 ناور هوﺮﮔ مﺎﻴﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يﺰﻛﺮﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،رﻮﻧ
ناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ
Corresponding Author:Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Science & Culture University, Tehran, Iran
130 عراز نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ـــــــــــــ ــــــــــ
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﻭ
ﻢﮑﻳ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ،
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﺪﻳﺁ
" .
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
"
ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ
ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺖﺳﺍ
.
ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻭ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ
]
۱
.[
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺶﺸﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ
ﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ
ﺩﺎﻳ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷﺁ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻛﺍ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﺮﻴﮕﺑ
.
ﻥﺍﻭﺭ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ
ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ
ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ،ﺎﻫ
]
۲
[
.
،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻴﺧﺫ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺖﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺪﺼﻗ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ
ﺪﻨﻛ
.
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ
]
۳
.[
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ
،ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ،
"
ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
"
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ
ﺎﻳ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺰﻴﭼ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﺩ
،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ
.
ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ
ﻊﻳﺎﻗﻭ ﺰﺟ
ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ
"
ﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ
"
ﺖﺳﺍ
)
ﻮﻧﺎﻴﭘ ﻦﺘﺧﺍﻮﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ
.(
ﺮﺜﻛﺍ
ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ
،ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ
.
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍﺮﻴﻏ
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ
ﺩﻮﺷ
]
۴
.[
ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
۱۹۸۵
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﻑﺍﺮﮔ
ﻭ
ﺮﺘﺧﺎﺷ
ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ
]
۵
[
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺗﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻭ
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ
]
۶
[
.
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ،ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،
ﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﻭ ﻪ
]
۴
.[
ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ،ﻒﻃﺍﻮﻋ
ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺍ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ
ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﺩ
ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ
.
ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﻭ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ،ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺑ ،
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
.
ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺽﺮﻓ
ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ
ﻤﻫ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻣﺰ
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ
ﻲﺷﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺠﻨﻬﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻗﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ
ﺩﻮﺷ
]
۷
.[
ﻥﺮﻗ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ
.
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮔﺍ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺍﺭ
ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻱﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ،ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﻟﻭ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺵﻮﭙﻤﻫ
]
۸
[
.
ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ
ﻲﻣ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺽﺮﻓ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
.
ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﻝﻮﻘﻌﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
.
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ،ﺱﻮﻜﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ،ﻲﻧﻼﻘﻋ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﺪﻨﻛ
.
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻱﻭﺭ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻢﻳﺭﻭﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻣﺍﺮﻓ
ﻢﻳﺭﺎﭙﺳ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ،
.
ﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ
،
ﻪﺑ ﻪﭼ
ﺎﻧ ﻪﭼ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﻬﺳ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ
.
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ
ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ
ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ
ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
]
۸
.[
ﺎﺑ ﯽﻟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ،
.
ﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺮﻜﻓ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻢﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻬﻧ
ﻲﻣ
ﻢﻴﻨﻛ
ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،
ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻱﻮﺳ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺍﺭﺬﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ،
]
۸
[.
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﺣ ﺎﻳ
ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
)
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺎﻳ
(
ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ،ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺪﻨﻛ
.
ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ
ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ،ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ
]
۹
.[
ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ
ﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻳ
ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁ
.
ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
]
۱۰
،
۱۱
.[
ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺪﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ
،
ﺍﺭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺮﺠﺗ
ﺑ
ﻪ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁ
]
۱۲
،
۱۳
،
۱۴
[؛
ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
ﻲﻀﻌﺑ
ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﻳﺰﺟ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫﺮﻴﻏ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﺎﻳ
ﺩﻮﺷ
]
۱۵
،
۱۶
[.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ
.
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ
.
ﺭﺩ ﺺﻗﺍﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻪﻄﻴﺣ
ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺥﺭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ،ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ،ﻊﺒﺗ
ﻞﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﻪﺑ
ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ،ﻲﻠﻛﺭﻮﻃ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ
]
۱۷
.[
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ
ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ،ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ
ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﻪﺑ
ﺮﻈﻧ
ﮒﺮﺒﻨﻳﺪﻟﻭﺍ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﺳ ،ﻥﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ
]
۱۸
.[
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻒﻴﻟﺎﮑﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻱﻭﺭ
ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻫﺩ
.
ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺮﺛﺍ ،ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺪﻫﺩ
]
۱۹
،
۲۰
،
۲۱
،
۲۲
،
۲۳
[
.
ﻥﻮﺗﺭﺎﺑ
ﻭ
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ
ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺍﺪﺻ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ
،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ
ﺪﻨﻤﻬﻔﻧ ﻱﺰﻴﭼ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻧﺁ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ
]
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺴﻫﺁ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ
ﺮﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ
.
ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺬﭘ
ﻱﺮﻳ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ،
ﻥﻮﺗﺭﺎﺑ
ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ،
ﻦﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﯽﺜﻨﺧ ﻭ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯼﻭﺭ
.
ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ
.
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
۹۰
ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺍ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍ
.
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﺳ
"
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
"
،
"
ﺮﻨﻫ
"
ﻭ
"
ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ
"
ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ،ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ
"
ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ
"
ﻼﮐ ﮏﻳ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺱ
،ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﯼﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺮﺗﻮﻴﭙﻣﺎﻛ
ﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ
.
ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
)
ﺮﻫ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
۳۰
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ
(
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
.
ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ
:
ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﻣ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻃ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
)
ﺎﻳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
ﻪﺑ ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺎﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯼﺍ
ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ
ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
]
۲۴
([
ﻪﺑ ،
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ
.
ﻳﺪﺑ
ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦ
ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﺸﻛ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻱﺍﺪﺻ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ
ﺪﺷ ﯼﺮﻴﮔ
.
،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
.
ﻦﺘﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻲﺳ
ﻥﻮﺗﺭﺎﺑ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
]
۱۹
[
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺪﺷ
.
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ
،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻒﻃﺍﻮﻋ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ
)
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
(
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺪﻳﺍ
ﺩﺮﻛ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
.
،ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻦﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﻮﭼ
ﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻨﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ
.
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻊﻤﺟ
ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ
.
ﻡﺯﻻ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
.
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﻥﻮﻳﺭ
ﻥﻻﺎﺴﮔﺭﺰﺑ
:
ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺪﺷ
.
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
:
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
۱۲
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻝﺍﻮﺌﺳ
ﻱﺍ
)
۴
ﻦﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﺌﺳ
(
ﺩﻮﺑ
.
ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ
ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ
.
ﯼﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
.
ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺏﻭﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ
ﺯﺍ ﻦﺗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺍﻮﺧﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﺯﺍ
۱۰
-۰
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
.
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ
ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ،ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺪﻧﺪﺸﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
.
ﻪﺳ ،ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻦﺘﻣ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺍﻮﺧﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
۵
ﺬﺧﺍ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ
.
،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ
۹
ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ
ﻮﺧﺮﻈﻧ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺯﺍ ﻦﺗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻫﺍ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳﺍ
.
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
.
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
۱۵
ﺯﻭﺭ
ﺯﺍ ﺎﻌﻤﺟ
۳۰
ﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺖﺑﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
۸۷
/
۰
ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
.
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻱﺍﺪﺻ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺪﻘﻧﺁ ﻪﻧ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ
ﺪﻨﻤﻬﻔﻧ ﻱﺰﻴﭼ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ
.
ﻲﺷﻮﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ،ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻥﻮﻳﺭ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﻻﺎﺴﮔﺭﺰﺑ
ﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ
.
ﻑﺪﻫ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻥﺩﺮﻛﺮﭘ ﺵﻮﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ
)
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ
۳۰
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
(
ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺕﺪﻣ
ﻭ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ
.
ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻦﺘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ
ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺨﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺪﺷ
.
ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ
۱۲
ﻝﺍﻮﺌﺳ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ
ﻱﺍ
)
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
(
ﺎﺑ
ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﺪﻫﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻩﺪﺷ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ
ﻉﻮﻧ
ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﺪﺷ
)
۰۰۲
/
۰
p<
.(
ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ
ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ
ﻪﺑ
ﻉﻮﻧ
ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ
)
۰۴۷
/
۰
p<
؛
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
۱
.(
132 عراز نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ـــــــــــــ ــــــــــ
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ (
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱ
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
↓ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ← ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ F ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ
ﻒﻴﻠﮑﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ۳ ۱۱۵ / ۶ ۰۰۳ /
۰ ۸۷ ﺎﻄﺧ ﻞﮐ ۹۰
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ
ﻒﻴﻠﮑﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ۳
۱۷۵ / ۳ ۰۴۷ /
۰ ۸۷ ﺎﻄﺧ
ﻞﮐ ۹۰
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
.
ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
ﻒﻴﻟﺎﮑﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
)
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
۲
.(
ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ
.
،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
.
ﺭﺩ
ﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺽﻮﻋ
ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ
.
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲ (
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻟﺎﮑﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ
ﻴ ﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻒ ﻲ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ←
↓ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻒﻴﻠﮑﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻑﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
ﻲﺜﻨﺧ
ﻊﻤﺟ ٣٠
٣٠
٣٠
٩٠ ٤٠٠٠ / ١١
٢٠٠٠ / ١٠
٤٦٦٧ / ١٠
٦٨٨٩ / ١٠ ٧٢٣٩ / ٠
١٣٩٩ / ٢
٨٦٠٣ / ٠
٤٧٣٧ / ١
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
ﻲﺜﻨﺧ
ﻊﻤﺟ ۳۰
۳۰
۳۰
۹۰ ۰۱۷۷ / ۱۰
۲۹۲۳ / ۸
۱۰۹۰ / ۶
۱۳۹۷ / ۸ ۵۴۹۶ / ۵
۳۵۶۹ / ۵
۰۱۹۹ / ۷
۱۶۶۸ / ۶
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ ،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
.
،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ
ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻕﻮﻓ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
]
۲۵
،
۲۶
،
۲۷
[
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ
.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﻥﻻﺎﺴﮔﺭﺰﺑ ،ﻱﺍ
ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻐﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻐﻟ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ
]
۲۷
.[
ﺎﻳ ﺕﺎﻐﻟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺼﺗ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻳﻭﺎ
.
ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ
ﻩﺪﺷﺮﻛﺫ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
]
۱۹
،
۲۰
،
۲۱
،
۲۲
،
۲۳
[
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ
ﻲﭘ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻩﺩﺮﺑ
ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
F
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺩ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ
ﻲﻣ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
،ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ
.
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﻮﻗ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﮑﻌﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻝﺍﺪﮕﻴﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﭗﻣﺎﮐﻮﭙﻴﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ
]
۱۹
[.
ﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ،ﺭﺎﻜ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
.
ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ،ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
.
ﺭﺩ ،ﺽﻮﻋ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ
ﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺩﺮ
ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
)
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
(
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ،
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺮﻜﻣ ،ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ
ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ
ﻪﺑ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﺸﻛ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ
.
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮﮔﺍ
ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
،
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
.
ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻼﻤﺟ ،ﺕﺎﻐﻟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ
ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺪﻳﻼﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻭ ﺕ
ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﻛ
]
۲۵
،
۲۶
،
۲۷
[
.
ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ
ﻥﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﻛ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﻲﻣ
ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ
ﺪﻧﺎﻣ
]
۲۸
،
۲۹
.[
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ
ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺭﻮﻃ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ
.
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ
ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﻪﺑ
ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺯ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺵﻮﻣﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﺳ ،
.
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ
ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﺪﻳﻭﺮﻓ
ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗ ﻲﺷﻮﻣﺍﺮﻓ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ
.
ﺎﻳ ﺰﻴﻣﺁﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﺍ ﻭﺍ
ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ،ﺍﺯ
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﺒﻗ ،ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ ﺭﻮﻃ
.
ﺯﺍ ﻭﺍ
ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ
"
ﻲﺑﻮﻛﺮﺳ
"
ﺎﻳ
"
ﺲﭘﺍﻭ
ﻲﻧﺍﺭ
"
ﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
]
۳۰
.[
ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ،ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻪﻛ
ﺭ
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
.
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﺏﻭﺮﭘ
ﻭ
ﻒﻟﻭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺪﻳﻮﻣ ،
]
۳۱
.[
ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺮﺗ
ﻭﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﺶﻫ
ﻥﻮﺗﺭﺎﺑ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ
]
۱۹
[
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ
.
ﻪﺘﺴﻫﺁ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺮﺗ
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺛﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﭖﻭﺮﺘﺳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺮﮕﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺖﻐﻟ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻥﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻪﺘﺴﻫﺁ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ
]
۱۹
[.
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻤﺗﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﺻﺮﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺯﻮﻣﺁ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ
.
ﻫ
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﺟﻭﺯ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ،
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﭼ ﻪﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺎﻧ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ
ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ
.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﯼﺮﻴﮔ
ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻪـﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻒـﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜـﺷﺁ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁﺎﻧ
.
ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺰﻣﺭ
ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﺪﻌﺑ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
.
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺷﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ
ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻳﺎـﺷﻮﺧ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ،ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
ﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭ
ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
..
ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ ﺖـﺤﺗ ،ﺭﺎﻜـﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﻪـﻈﻓﺎﺣ
ﻪﺑ ؛ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﺵﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ
ﻢﻟﺎـﺳ ﺮﮕﺷﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ،ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻭ
.
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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John Benjamin Publishing; 2002.
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