ENSURING COMMUNICATION SECURITY FOR SMART GRID DISTRIBUTION AREA NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

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Available Online at www.ijpret.com 575

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND

APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY

A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK

ENSURING COMMUNICATION SECURITY FOR SMART GRID DISTRIBUTION AREA

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

MISS. KALYANEE J. HARNE1_{, PROF. MONIKA H. RAJPUT}2

1.First Year M.E, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, P. R. Pote (Patil) College of Engineering and Management, Amravati, India. 2.Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, P. R. Pote (Patil) College of Engineering and Management, Amravati, India

Accepted Date: 05/03/2015; Published Date: 01/05/2015

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Abstract:The smart grid is characterized by the two-way flow of electric power and information. For

the information flow implementation and support, several wireless communication technologies and standards are being considered. Therefore, one of the most important issues in smart grid is to design a network architecture that is capable of providing secure and reliable two-way communication. To handle real-time traffic for the last mile communication in smart grid, we discuss various communication technologies including optical fiber and wireless technologies, and present the applicable communication network architecture of smart grid. Moreover, the implementation of the smart grid will include the deployment of many new enabling technologies such as advanced sensors and metering, and the integration of distributed generation resources. It ensures the security of communication parties within the smart grid by using smart meters as a gateway between intra-network and inter-intra-network communications. In particular, we utilize the smart meter as a firewall to manage incoming and outgoing traffic and mediate household devices based on the instructions from the electric utility.

Keywords:Smart Grid, Communication, advanced metering infrastructure

Corresponding Author: MISS. KALYANEE J. HARNE

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Available Online at www.ijpret.com 576 INTRODUCTION

The advance culture materializes through the interplay of technology and everyday life. Distance is no longer a barrier for communication. The information technology advancement covers the way to daily conveniences. Today, we simply can reach someone we know just with a touch on the mobile phone makes the world become then small. Likewise, in the nearest future all electronic gadgets could be controlled via programmed interface software. The consumption of electricity at home can be monitored with an access password provided. Traditional distribution network management of power supply and loads has been conceived as an independent process. However, this traditional approach is changing bit by bit by an increasing number of distributed channels. Smart grid uses two-way communication systems for better monitoring towards lower energy consumption. The smart grid could be referred to as the modernization of the current electric grid for the purpose of enabling bidirectional flows of information and electricity in order to achieve numerous goals; it will provide consumers with diverse choices on how, when, and how much electricity they use. The smart control centers are expected to monitor and interact the electric devices remotely in real time; the smart transmission infrastructures are expected to employ new technologies to enhance the power quality; and the smart substations are expected to coordinate their local devices self-consciously [1]. The network is required to connect the magnitude of electric devices in distributed locations and exchange their status information and control instructions. The current communication capabilities of the existing power systems are limited to small-scale local regions that implement basic functionalities for system monitoring and control, such as power-line communications [2] and the Supervisory control and data acquisition systems[3], which do not yet meet the demanding communication requirements for the automated and intelligent management in the next-generation electric power systems. Smart grid research focuses on high voltage inter connected transmission grids and medium/low voltage distribution level applications. The implementation of smart grid applications is much more powerful at the distribution level.

2. SYSTEM COMPONENT

In this section, we present the conceptual model which focuses on the security components to ensure secure communications in the smart grid.

2.1 Smart Meter:

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that of firewalls in that it will manage incoming and outgoing messages. In terms of hardware, the smart meter will provide Power-Line, ZigBee, or WiFi [4] based communication within the HAN and GPRS based communication within the WAN [5].

2.2 Electric Utility:

Electric Utility Center interacts with smart meters to regulate power consumption. It also sends consumption related instructions to smart meters. Further, the electric utility will interact with smart meters in regulating power consumption and household devices.

2.3Service Providers (SP):

Service Providers establish contracts with users to provide electricity for individual devices. SP interact with internal devices via messages relayed by the smart meter. To establish such interaction, service providers should register with the electric utility and obtain digital certificates for their identities and public keys. The smart meter will limit communication with only contracted service providers whose certificates are valid.

2.4 Electrical Household Devices:

Electrical Household Appliances are assumed to be able to communicate with smart meters via a Home Area Network facilitating efficient power consumption management to all home devices. The smart meter will instruct smart devices using HAN and manage their power consumption.

3. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

The communication infrastructure in smart grid connects a number of electric devices and manages the communications; it is interconnected individual sub-networks and each taking responsibility of separate geographical regions [6]. The communication networks can be categorized into two classes: WAN and HAN.

3.1 Wide Area Network (WAN):

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Available Online at www.ijpret.com 578 Fig.1. Wide Area Network

3. 2 Home Area Network (HAN):

HAN connects the in-house smart devices across the home with the smart meter. The HAN can communicate using Zigbee, wired or wireless Ethernet, or Bluetooth. HAN consist of two actors: the smart meter and a set of smart and legacy devices within the household. At this level, the smart meter will be the only authoritative entity and manage household devices. Smart devices will register with smart meter exchanging identities and public keys, if available, and only communicate with the smart meter.

4. SECURITY NEEDS

In order to protect electric infrastructure from the threats, several mechanisms are needed.

4.1 Deception:

Deception consists of two techniques, dissimulation, hiding the real, and simulation, showing the false. McQueen and Boyer describe potential dissimulation and simulation techniques that can be used for control systems in [8]. Deception will need to play a key role in smart grid security.

4.2 Additional Issues:

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Available Online at www.ijpret.com 579 5. SUPPORTING COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

Many network technologies can be used for communications in the transmission, distribution in the smart grid. The available network technologies include the following categories.

5.1 Optical fiber:

Optical fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference, it becomes an ideal communication media for high voltage environment. As a result, it is an ideal choice as a communication media in smart grid since it can offer high performance and highly reliable communication.

5.2 Power Line Communication:

The power lines are mainly used for electrical power transmissions, but they can also be utilized for data transmissions [11]. The power line communication systems operate by sending modulated carrier signals on the power transmission wires. Thus, power line communication is mainly used for in-door environment [12] to provide an alternative broadband networking infrastructure without installing dedicated network wires.

5.3. Wireless Network:

Advancement in wireless networking technology has enabled us to connect devices in a wireless way, eliminating the installation of wire lines. The common advantages of wireless technologies are easy installation and cost effective.

Above all, optical fiber communication is the most desirable, but large cost of optical fiber has become an obstacle in application. Hybrid of two or more above technologies may provide optimal services for a specific situation in smart grid

6. CONCLUSION

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maintenance where the electric utility will maintain a list of authorized service providers for consumers. Further, smart meters will be used in overall power consumption reporting, disaster management, emergency situations, and compliance with instructions of the electric utility. The preliminary indicates that a communication network must be planned carefully in order to meet the performance requirement in energy management.

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