ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT

ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT

(1

March, 2018 -31

Jan 2019)

National Mission on Himalayan Studies

Systematic Inventorization, use profiles and molecular cataloguing for the sustainable management of edible insect resources for enhancing the livelihood opportunities of local people of Himalayan range of Manipur, North East India

(Supported by MoEF & CC, Government of India)

Submitted to

G.B.Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora- 260 643, Uttarakhand

Submitted By

College of Horticulture and Forestry Central Agricultural University, Govt. of India

Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh-791102

AND

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Sriramapura

Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064

NMHS Progress Report (Period from 2018 to 2019)

1. Project Information

Project ID NMHS/2017-18/MG33/17 Sanction Date 23/02/2018

Structured Abstract - detailing the current year progress

The initial 1^st quarter of the first year undergone with the opening of the separate account of the project and fund allocation between the collaborating institutes (ATREE and IBSD) and transferring fund as well as MoU signing.

In the second quarter, with the requirement of project staffs started, preparation and procurement of the field equipment such as insect traps, GPS, multi-parameters probe for edible insect survey and collection. With the extensive reviewing of literatures on edible insect utilization (entomophagy) in India and across the globe during the first six month and undergo compiling of the secondary data with special reference to the Northeast India (Manipur, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Nagaland) to develop an Integrated database of Edible insect of India for wider information.

A total of 439 edible insect species were reported from 5 states of NE India.

The developing Database of edible insect species collated and archived so far provides systematic position, common name, vernacular name, ethnic Project Title Systematic inventorization, use profiles and molecular cataloguing for

the sustainable management of edible insect resources for enhancing the livelihood opportunities of local people of Himalayan range of Manipur, North East India

BTG: Biodiversity Conservation and Management PI and

Affiliation

Dr. T. Shantibala

Associate Professor (Entomology), Department of Plant Protection College of Horticulture And Forestry

Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur Pasighat – 791102, Arunachal Pradesh, INDIA

E-mail: [email protected], Mobile: +91-9856083444 Co-PI and

Affiliation

Prof. K. Mamocha Singh Registrar

Central Agricultural University, Imphal Manipur.

Name &

Address of the Co-PI, if

any:

Dr. Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan Senior Fellow,

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (AITREE) Royal Enclave, Sriramapura

Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064,

[email protected]/[email protected], Mob: 9449057364

community, place, mode of utilization, stages consume, reference etc.

Highest number was reported from Assam (134) followed by Arunachal Pradesh (106), Nagaland (105), Manipur (76) and Meghalaya (18).

Collection, preservation, inventorization and documentation of edible insects have been started and data on edible insects of NE India were digitized along with photographs of respective insects whenever available. For survey and collection of primary data, questionnaires for field and market survey were prepared and tested for acquiring economic, social values, cultural and therapeutic information from several ethnic communities relating to traditional ecological knowledge in the region.

Field surveys, documentation and collections of edible insects was collected covering five different villages viz. Shajouba, Makhel, Tobufii, Punanamai, Rabunamai of Senapati and Ukhrul District of Manipur inhabited by Mao, Maram, Poumai and Tangkhul ethnic groups. Some of the specimens collated from the habitats were of Anoplophora, Cyrtotrachelus dus and Coridius species. Economic input of specific edible insect was also collected by conducting market surveys. From three different villages of Nagaland were also collected. Documentation on rearing methods of insect in two villages in Nagaland was also recorded.

For preservation of insect specimen and museum development, collected insect were maintained both in dry and wet form. High quality digital images using Keyance digital microscope is being prepared for the database. The insects are being simultaneously identified and integrated into a database with species information including scientific name, strain, HD Infocus Image, diagnostic description, distribution, uses, and associated traditional knowledge along with bibliography.

Ecological awareness with respect to economic status, ecological and social importance of these edible insects have also been discussed with village head, community members, women SHG members and traditional practitioners.

Training program for mass rearing and conservation, value addition of edible insects for mass utilization and income generation will be initiating in community members, local medicinal practitioners in the villages to promote and develop sustainable management of this valuable natural resource for enhancing the livelihood of local people of Himalayan range of North East India.

2. Project Site Details

Project Site North east India with particular to districts of Manipur IHR States Covered Manipur

Long. & Lat. Latitudes 23˚5’N - 25˚ 3’N Longitudes 93°4' E - 95˚3’ E

Site Maps Fig 1

Site Photographs Attached.

Project Partner Affiliation Role and Responsibilities Dr. T.

Shantibala

Associate Professor (Entomology), Department of Plant Protection.

College of Horticulture And Forestry

Central Agricultural University

Pasighat – 791102, Arunachal Pradesh, INDIA

a) Coordinate the project; b) Documentation of traditional knowledge and culinary of edible and mollusca, c) to carry out collection of the

samples and field data, d) DNA barcoding, analysis of nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of selected species and

characterization of functional values.

Dr.

Priyadarsanan Dharma Rajan

Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur, Bangalore- 560064

a) Design the experiment, b) collection,

preservation inventorization and documentation of edible insects) c) harvest methods and

demographic studies of selected economically important edible insect d) Data management, archiving and dissemination; d) Portal development and dissemination of data e)

Explore the potentials for culturing edible insects and producing value added products for

enhancing the livelihood opportunities of local people. e) Explore the potentials for culturing edible insects and producing value added products for enhancing the livelihood opportunities of local people. f) Develop conservation and sustainable management strategies

3. Project Activities Chart w.r.t. Timeframe [Gantt or PERT]

Project Activities

WORK UNDERTAKEN 1 March, 2018 – 31 January, 2019

Output

Qtr1 Qtr2 Otr3 Ort4

1. Systematic inventorizat ion and cataloguing of edible insects and molluscs

Separate account opening, Fund allocation between the collaborating institutes (ATREE and IBSD) and transferring fund as well

as MoU

signing.

Reviewing of Literatures

Project staffs requirement.

Extensive review of literature undergoing to gather the information of edible insect from entire North East India.

Questioners developed for documentation and collection of edible insects were reached out to various stakeholders for systematic record of the traditional cultural practices of insect resources utilization.

Continuing survey and collection of edible insects from different districts of Manipur and Nagaland for systematic identification, cataloguing and documentation.

Five different villages of Senapati and Ukhrul District in Manipur inhabited by Mao, Maram, Poumai ethnic groups were covered.

Tabulation and compilation for preparation of Integrated database of Edible insect

A total of 439 edible insect species enlisted from secondary data gathered from 5 states of the North East India.

Tabulation of edible insect in Excel file 1.

enclosed.

Primary data documentation and collection of insect resource utilization undergoing for Manipur,

Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland undergoing jointly by collaborating institutes.

Fig. (2 – 8) (Survey site and photographs of collected insects) .

2. Molecular cataloguing and genetic characteriza tion of the potential edible insect and

molluscs

Live specimens were collected and stored for nutritional profiling and genetic

characterization.

Continuing insect collection.

Standardisation of genomic DNA and mitochondrial DNA extraction from different parts of edible insect tissues is currently in process for DNA barcoding.

Fig 9 (Different methods of edible insect collection) Qualitative and quantitative

baselines data base on insect resource with use profiles, environmental conditions, institutional and policy regimes developing.

3. Document on the Indigenous knowledge system that sustains the diverse livelihood options using edible insects

Digital Images:

Infocus digital

images of all collected edible insect species will be prepared using

Keyance digital microscope Identification Identification will be done using keys in Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma and latest

available literatures.

.

Questionnaire developed for documentation and cataloguing of the ethnic specific traditional practices and to identify the presence of any insect species that contributes in income generation having market value.

Traditional knowledge documentation, collection and monographic development undergoing.

Economic importance species

evaluation was recorded through local market surveys.

Therapeutic values and nutritional aspects of these insects were also recorded and analysing.

Market surveys in different villages in Nagaland (Visema and Jotsona) were documented.

Fig 10 and 11.

Market and traditional insect resources

utilization surveys (Annexure I and II) Questionnaire model.

(Annexure III) Socio Economic survey

questionnaire.

Market Survey.

and Traditional rearing practices

New species found will be published in peer- reviewed journals. Annual Checklists will also be maintained.

4. Exploration of the potentials for

culturing edible insects producing value-added products for enhancing the

livelihood opportunitie s of local people and promote sustainable harvesting practices

Identifying candidate

species for mass rearing

Nutritional and anti-nutritional properties of selected species and

characterization of functional values is in progress.

Identified two wasps and a fly for mass rearing

Figure 12.

Preservation and inventorization Documented the rearing methods from Nagaland for the wasps. A small- scale black soldier fly rearing facility is being established in ATREE

An information portal (E-DIS) for edible insects and entomophagy in India will be developed.

Annexure IV (EI_NE_compilatio n.pdf)

4a. Financial and Resource Information

Financial and resource information (IBSD/CAU and ATREE)

Project staff information IBSD:

Sl No. Name Qualification Designation Fellowship Remarks 1. Deepak Singh

Lourembam

PhD RA 1,81, 393

2 Sapam Athoibi MSc JPF 74, 942

Total 2,56,335

5a. Equipment and Asset Information

Sl.

No

Equipment Name (Qty)

Details (Make/

Model)

Cost Date of Installati on

Photogr aphs of Equipm ent

Lowest Quotation, IF NOT purchased 1. Ultra low

temperature deep freezer

(NBS) (1)

CryoCube® F570, 570 L, with LED interface, classic cooling liquids, and air-cooling, 5 shelves, 230 V/50 Hz

850,000.

2 BioSpectrometer (1)

Eppendorf

BioSpectrometer®

basic, 230 V/50 – 60 Hz

5,50,000

3 Stereo

Microscope (1)

Olympus Stere zoom Triocular Microscope Model SZX7

9,98,000

4 GPS (2) (Garmin) EtreX 30

Handhelds GPS

27,950 5 Digital Handycam

(1)

AX40 4K Handycam with Exmor R CMOS sensor

1,01,067

6 Field gears and storage units

QUECHUA ARPENAZ 6.3 Camping

86,000 Total 1^st Year Grant: Rs.1,07,23,440 Grant Received Date: 23/2/18

Project Partner(s)

Affiliations/

Institution Budget Allocated to Work Done

Partner 1 IBSD/CAU 61,37,360 2,62, 635

Partner 2 ATREE 45,86,080 6,87,606

Equipments Set and Field Gear.

7 Data Loggers (2) HP DESKTOP 590- p0054in

Specification:

Core i5, 8th generation, 4 GB RAM, HDD

58,520

8. Printer (1) EPSON PRINTER L380

11,400

6a. Expenditure Statement and Utilization Certificate

Expenditure Statement and Utilization Certificate (IBSD) Sl

no.

Financial position/

Budget Head

Fund

sanctioned (Rs.)

Expenditure (Rs.)

% of total cost 1 Salaries/ Manpower 11,07,360/- 2,56,335/- 23 %

2 Travels 5,00,000/- -

3 Expendables &

consumables

9,00,000 /- -

4 Contingencies 2,00,000/- 6600/- 3 %

5 Activities and other project cost

6,00,000/- -

6 Institutional charges -

7 Equipments 28,30,000/- -

Total 61,37,360/- 2,62,935/-

Interest earned 1,75,514/- - -

Total Grand 63,12,874/- - -

Period Expenditure Statement (IBSD) Utilization Certificate (UC) Annual NMHS_IBSD_SE_UC 2018-19

4b. Financial and Resource Information

Project staff information ATREE:

Sl No.

Name Qualification Designation Fellowship/Wages paid (Rs.)

Remarks

1 Swanil Boyane MSc JPF 1,11,832/-

2 Ajano T Sanglo Msc JPF -

3 Smitha Krishnan PhD Post-doc ^2,04,480/-

Total ^{3, 16,312}

5b. Equipment and Asset Information

Sl.No Equipment Name (Qty)

Details (Make/

Model)

Cost (Rs.)

Date of Installation

Photographs of

Equipment

Lowest Quotation, IF NOT purchased

1 ^Image

analyser

Mac Book Pro

1,77,104

6b. Expenditure Statement and Utilization Certificate

Expenditure statement and utilization certificate (ATREE) S. No. Financial Position/Budget

Head

Funds Sanctioned (Rs.)

Expenditure (Rs.)

% of Total cost

I Salaries/Manpower cost 1,306,080 3,16, 312 30%

II Travel 400,000 1,39,349 35%

III Expendables &Consumables 300,000 43,139 14%

IV Contingencies 200,000 11,702 6%

V Activities & Other Project

cost 700,000 0 0%

VI Institutional Charges 0

VII Equipments 1,680,000 1,77,104 11%

Total 45,86,080 6,87,606

Interest earned -

Grand Total 45,86,080

7. Project Beneficiary Groups

Beneficiary Groups [Capacity Building]

Target Achieved

No. of Beneficiaries with income generation:

No specific beneficiaries but identify the insect species

supported income

generation.

Few edible insects identifying.

No. of stakeholders trained, particularly women:

To provide awareness about the importance of Edible insect to the people

Interacted with village head, midwifes, leaned youth, traditional practitioner etc and discussed the importance of sustainable conservation of the edible insect resources.

No. of capacity building Workshops/

trainings:

1 Schedule during 2^nd week of

March, 2019 No. of Awareness &

outreach programmes:

2 Already schedule during

Mid Feb and 2^nd week of March, 2019

No. of Research/

Manpower developed:

7 5

Period Expenditure Statement Utilization Certificate (UC)

Annual NMHS_ATREE_UC(2018-19)

8. Project Progress Summary (as applicable to the project)

Description Total (Numeric) Description

IHR States Covered 3 Manipur, Nagaland,

Arunachal Pradesh

Project Site/ Field Stations Developed:

(attached photos and site

maps) Manipur

No. of Patents filed (Description): None

Article/ Review/ Research Paper/ One submitted and another in pipe line

Abstract attached-

ATREE_Abstract_ Review paper.pdf

Publication:

New Methods/ Modellings Developed Questioners, Data sheet for market survey and insect rearing sheet developed

Attached as

(Annexure I,II & III) (description in 250 words):

No. of Trainings targeted during 2^nd week of March,19

Will be reporting during 4^th quarter annual report uploading.

(No. of Beneficiaries):

Workshop: 2 planned 1. Project PI, Co-PIs and all

the project staffs of the collaborating institutes schedule to be held from 8^th to 11^th of February, 2019.

2. Training cum

Entrepreneurs expo for edible insect utilization from 8^th to 10 March, 2019 at Central Agricultural University.

Demonstration Models (Site): Different inhabitant places of several ethnic group of peoples

attached in maps about location sites

Livelihood Options: Sustainable harvesting, Captive rearing and value addition

By selling to the Markets

Training Manuals: Preparing will be submitting after 4^th

quarter

Processing Units: Developing to the ATREE attached photos

Species Collection: attached photos Attached Fig. (2 – 9)

Species identified: Attached excel sheet Excel File 1

Database/ Images/ GIS Maps:

Database on edible insects of all the North eastern states

Images of edible insects

Database of the existing list of edible insects of NE India (~200 sps) and also Manipur state in particular was prepared See attached file- Excel File 1

Infocus digital images of all collected edible insect species is being prepared using Keyance digital microscope. - See attached:

Infocus insect images.pdf

9. Project Linkages (with nearby Institutions/ State Agencies)

Sl.

No. Institute/ Organization Type of Linkages Brief Description 1. DBT - Bioresource and

Sustainable livelihoods in North East India

A synergistic project to scale this study to rest of NE India

Information that would be shared: Geo-referenced database of edible insects and their habitat attributes, and the community knowledge

associated with insect bio resources of Northeast India

10. Additional (publication, recommendations, etc.)

Time Period Publications

(Research Papers, Information Material, Policy drafts, Patents, etc.)

Annual [Year] (Attached)

2019 Submitted Abstract (CAU)

2019 Draft Abstract (ATREE)

11. Project Concluding Remark

Project Objectives Project Output against each objective

Progress made against

Monitoring Indicators (specified in Sanction Letter)

Remarks

Systematic

inventorization and cataloguing of edible insects and molluscs and their habitat attributes across the Himalayan range of Manipur

Collected 80 morphospecies of edible insects.

They have been dried, spread and mounted and being identified

Discussions are on to finalize the portal developers and designers

(Excel File 1)

(ATREE_EI_NE_India_

Secondary_data.xlsx)

Developed an edible insects database based on

secondary data Fig 13 & Annexure V Documenting

community knowledge associated with insect bio resources of Northeast India, together with their dynamics and sustainability challenges and management.

A list of edible insects found in Manipur with its mode of

preparation, practicing community and their habitat have been

documented

Documentation for Manipur,

Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland initiated

Documentation and cataloguing undergoing through primary and

secondary data collection by direct personal interaction and presence

Molecular cataloguing and genetic

characterization of the potential edible insect and molluscs for conservation and sustainable utilization.

Live specimens were collected and stored for nutritional profiling and genetic

characterization.

Standardisation of genomic DNA and mitochondrial DNA extraction from different parts of edible insect tissues is currently in process for developing DNA barcoding.

Genetic characterization undergoing

Explore the potentials for culturing edible insects producing value added products for enhancing the livelihood

opportunities of local people and promote sustainable harvesting practices.

To identify potential insect having economic importance.

Identified two wasps and a fly for mass rearing.

Identified gain water bug and silk worm pupae for value addition product development.

Documented the methods from Nagaland for the wasps

The black soldier fly rearing facility at a small scale is being established at ATREE. The information required has been collected and the work will be under progress in the next quarter

Methodology (in brief): Market survey: All the edible insect vendors from the market are included in the market survey using a well- defined questionnaire

Samples are collected and stored in 95% ethyl alcohol for identification which would be displayed in the museum.

Rearing methods interviews: The rearing methods are recorded by visiting the rearing sites using a questionnaire. Photographs and descriptive recording of the rearing methods are collected. The specimens are collected as mentioned above.

Prototypes for rearing cages was developed based on secondary literature

Major Research Achievements: 1. Inventorying and cataloguing of edible insects 2. Museum establishment of edible invertebrate bioresources is ongoing in ATREE insect museum (AIMB)

3. Information portal for edible insects and

entomophagy in India is in the process of being developed

4. Identified two wasps and a fly for mass rearing Brief Conclusion - the current

year progress – during the reporting period (point-wise):

1. We have identified two wasp species from

Nagaland that have been successfully reared by the community. The possibility to popularize rearing these species in other regions is very promising.

2. Primary data documentation and collection of insect resource utilization undergoing for Manipur,

Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland undergoing jointly by collaborating institutes.

3. Database of the existing list of edible insects of NE India (~200 sps) and also Manipur state in particular was prepared.

Progress Achieved (%): 25 %

Remaining work to be done: 1. Molecular cataloguing and genetic characterization of the potential edible insect. (DNA barcoding)

2. Estimation of nutritional and anti-nutritional analysis 3. Identifying potential insects for mass rearing and enhancing livelihood opportunities of local people.

4. Continuing surveys in all the possible transect regions of the north east.

5. Capacity building workshops and training programs for community development and popularising edible insect resources.

Submitted to:

Nodal Officer, NMHS-PMU

National Mission on Himalayan Studies (NMHS)

G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal,

Almora 263643, Uttarakhand

Submitted By: Signature with seal and date:

Dr. T. Shantibala Associate Professor

Department of Plant Protection.

College of Horticulture and Forestry Central Agricultural University

Pasighat – 791102, Arunachal Pradesh, INDIA

Excel File 1 (Edible Insect Database)

Figure 1: Map of project site (Manipur) indicating specific ethnic inhabited sites along the Northern Himalayan range of Manipur.

Figure 2: Natural Habitat of Anoplophora species at Senapati District in Manipur. (A) Hill slope (B) Butea minor (C) Grub of Anoplophora species

A B

C

Figure 3: Anoplophora species infesting inside the trunk of Host plant Quercus serreta and Alnus species collected from Senapati district. (A) Unidentified insect

(B) Anoplophora species

Figure 4: Cyrtotrachelus dus infesting on Host plant, Pheonix species.

(A) Grub of Cyrtotrachelus dus (B) Infested Pheonix species B

A B

A

Figure 5: Teleogryllus species inhabited in the Savanna habitat.

(A) Teleogryllus species (B) Teleogryllus Nesting site.

Figure 6

:

A B

A B

Figure 7: Coridius species (Local Name: Usingsa) collected from Ukhrul District in Manipur.

Figure 8: Bamboo borer shoot infesting inside the bamboo node.

Figure 9: Different methods of edible insect collection.

Figure 10: Edible insect sold at different local market of Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland (A) Lethocerus indicus (B) Eri silkworm larvae (C) Hives of wild honey bees (D) Hives of Apis dorsata (E) Grub of Anoplophora species

Figure 11: Interview and interactions with the village people for documentation and identification of edible insects during survey. (A)Interviewing with village people

(B) Interaction with villagers (C) Harvested edible insects.

A B

C D E

C A B

Figure 12: Identification, Preservation and Displaying of collected edible insect (A) Characterizing for identification (B) Hi-resolution photography

(C) Dry preservations (D) Display of different varieties of edible insects (E) Museum establishment

C

A B

E

D

Figure 13(i)

Figure: 13(ii) Figure 13 (iii)

Figure: 13(iv) Figure: 13 (v)

Figure: 13(vi) Figure: 13(vii)

F

Figure: 13 (viii) Figure: 13(ix)

Fig: 13 (x)

Family: Pentatomidae Tribe: Halyini

Location: Meb village, Papumpare District, Arunachal Pradesh

Family: Cicadidae Location: Ziro village, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh

Infocus Digital Images

INSECT BIORESOURCES DIVISION, IBSD, TAKYELPAT - IMPHAL

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR COLLECTING INFORMATION ON THE TRADITIONAL INSECT RESOURCES UTILIZATION

Q. 1. Do you use any insect from your surrounding for any insect from your surrounding for any specific purpose?

Ans: YES / NO

Q. 2. Mention them / tick, if found any from photo plate. (To be filled in Annexure 1) Q.3. Tick the purpose for which they are utilized.

a) Consumption / eating b) Medicinal purpose c) Oil yielding purpose d) Aesthetic value e) Aroma

f) Others

Q.4. Is there any material associated while preparing specific formulation along with the insect material?

a) Plant b) Animal

c) Other ………..

Q.5. Is there any medicinal value for which insect has been used?

Yes / No

If yes, mention the treatment along with code no.

a) Tumor b) Diarrhea/Dysentery c) Injury d) Injury e) Alopecia/ Baldness e) Cough

f) Others: ………..

Q.6. Effectiveness to particular treatment (Tick any from below).

a) Effective b) Not effective c) Highly effective d) Less effective

………

Code no.

Q.7. Which life stage of the insect is used?

a) Egg b) Larva c) Pupa d) Adult

e) Decoction/ any other: ……….………

Q. 8. Have you ever practiced/ consumed personally?

a) Yes b) No

c) Recommended to others on hearsay d) Seen practiced by others

Q.9. How often do you use the practice or consumption. (Tick below) a) Frequently b) Seasonally c) Seldom

d) Others: ……….

Q. 10. Is it easily available or need some hardship to get them? (Tick below) a) Easily available b) Difficult to get

c) Occasional d) Rarely

Any remarks: ...

Q.11. According to you, is there any scope for establishing farm with any particular insect resource for generating your income?

Ans: YES / NO

Q. 12. If yes, mention the insect name for which you are going to / want to initiate your activities.

...

Q.13. Could you name any insect which have been of essential use in the past days but not utilized anymore.

...

Q. 14. Your opinion on the practice of using insect for human needs. (Tick below) a) Increasing b) Decreasing

Q. 15. If so, what could be the possible reason? (Tick below) a) Non availability of the insect

b) Use replaced by other material

c) Neglected due to lack of knowledge in their importance

d) Other ...

Name: ………..………

Age: ……….. Gender: ...………..

Address/District: ……….………..

Occupation: ………..

Community (Annexure II):

Signature

Annexure I Local name Code

no.

Stage eaten (Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult)

Degree availability (Easily, Difficult, Rare, Occasional)

Purpose of utilization (Eating / Medicinal)

Mode / Method of utilization

Practiced by your- self (Y/N)

Disease cure by medicinal insects and effectiveness

Seasonal availability

Associated material (Habitat)

Community knowledge holder

Degree of acceptabi lity

Annexure-II

1.Meiteis 9.Hmar 17.Maram 25.Sema

2.Meitei pangal 10.Kabui: (i) Puimei (ii) Rongmei

18.Maring 26.Simte

3.Aimol 11.Kacha Naga: (i) Zemei (ii) Liangmei

19.Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes

27.Sukte

4.Anal 12.Koirao 20.Monsang 28.Tangkhul

5.Angami 13.Koireng 21.Moyon 29.Thadou

6.Chiru 14.Kom 22.Paite 30.Vaiphei

7.Chothe 15.Lamkang 23.Purum 31.Zou

8.Gangte 16.Mao 24.Ralte

1

Socio- Economic Survey

Questionnaire for Insect and other invertebrates used in NE India

Household Survey

1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Information about respondent

State: District: Village:

Name: Age: Gender:

Education: Occupation: Tribe:

Language:

If Family migrated from (place and country): Year migrated:

Household information

S. No. Name Gender Age Education Main Occupation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1

ANNEXURE III

ATREE_ EI Questionnaire

2

2. COLLECTION METHODS

i. Do you (a) collect ( ) or (b) purchase ( ) c) neither ( ) d) both ( ) insects for consumption?

Collected *Specif Who Who Distance Frequency Quantity Cost Sellin Quantity Selling Price sold from y the collect consume traveled in of collected incurre g sold per frequency at/purchased

name s (age s km/mile/ho collection/ d per place visit/ at

of the group) urs purchase visit purchased

insect/ ?

snails

Forest

Agricultura

l area

(specify)

Water

body

(specify

the kind)

Market

*Specify if used for purposes other than consumption (example eggs of Oecophylla as fish bait)

2

3

COMPREHENSIVE TABLE

Local name Sc. Method Insect Microhabitat Use Life stage Parts Preservation Cultural (describe briefly so name of Habitat(forest, (inside (consmptn/med/ (eggs, used & significance that there are no collection agri, pond, bamboo, aesthetic/others eggs/larva, Preparation (if any)

misunderstandings) river,any leaf litter pupa, method

other) etc.) nymph,

adult

3

4

ii. How do you decide on the quantity of the collection you make?

a. Every individual that you can get hold of

b. any other way of making decision about how much is enough

3. CONSUMPTION PATTERN

i. How do you understand which insects are edible or non – edible or even poisonous?

ii. What are the preferred insects for consumption?

Rank Taste Texture Economic Value Medicinal Value Availability Nutritional value Any Other 1

2

3

4

5

6

4

5

iii. Availability of edible insects?

Edible Insects /snails Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

collected

iv. Is it an everyday market or weekly? Or seasonal?

v. What determines the cost of insect?

vi. Do you rear insects? Y / N

vii. Do you know anyone who rears insects for selling? Y / N Contact details:

5

6

viii. If there is an opportunity/support to rear insects would you be interested? Y / N

ix. What kind of opportunity/ support would be helpful? Possibilities Example: Silkworm, the pupae canning?

x. What is the attitude of people towards consumption of insects?

xi. Is it preferably fed/ consumed by certain age class? If yes why?

xii. Are there any taboos with regard to insects- collection methods/ when and what can be consumed?

xiii. Do you prefer insects over meat? Is it an alternative for meat?

xiv. Meat consumption

Type of meat Frequency of consumption/ Quantity consumed on each Expenses per purchase

month purchase

6

7

4. POPULATION DYNAMICS/DEMOGRAPHY

i. Has the number/type of insects that you collect increased or decreased? If so what could be the reasons

Name Experience Reason

of insect

Decreased Increased

Same or no change Don’t know

Decreased Increased

Same or no change Don’t know

5. QUESTIONS ON SECURITY OF PROFESSION

a. Has the demand for edible insects increased or decreased over the last 5 years? Why?

b. Have number of harvesters increased or decreased in last 5 years?

c. Have people started harvesting new insects? If yes which and since when?

d. Any idea how many people / households in the village are involved in this?

People: Households:

7

8

e. Sources of income

Sources of income No. of working Wage per day/ No. of individuals Total income days month/annual working in this field

(specify) (with gender) 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

8

9

f. Farming

Crops grown (mention Yield Season Quantity consumed in Quantity sold in Kg Selling price/ kg Costs incurred for

own land/leased/slash in kgs kg cultivation

and burn)

Lease:

Labour:

Fertilizer:

Pesticides:

Seeds:

Lease:

Labour:

Fertilizer:

Pesticides:

Seeds:

Lease:

Labour:

Fertilizer:

Pesticides:

Seeds:

Lease:

Labour:

Fertilizer:

Pesticides:

Seeds:

9

10

6. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES COMPONENT:

PROVISIONING SERVICES 1. Pollination services:

a) Do you know about pollination?

b) Which are the main insects that help in pollination?

c) Are they reared or wild? Specify the type

d) Are you doing anything to protect this service?

e) Do you harvest bee larvae and how do you think this would affect pollination?

f) Do the bees/ wasps come back and relocate?

10

11

g) Harvest and uses of bees and wasps

BEES

Hives Quantity in kg/

Method of harvest, does it

number/ ltrs Uses

harvested damage the hive

(specify)

Honey

Brood

Pollen

Wax

Royal jelly

Propolis

WASPS

Brood

2. Pest control:

a) Do you know of any insects that help in controlling crop pests? Name them

1 2 3

Edible  /

Edible  /

Edible  /

Predator Pest Crop

b) Do you take any steps to facilitate the predator?

11

12

3. Fibre (Silk sericins)

a) Do you rear silk worms/ collect them from wild?

Reared: Collected: Neither:

b) Extraction of silk and cocoons

Silk- Sc. name Month of Host plant Reared/ Silk Silk Silk Selling Cocoon Cocoon Cocoon

common collection wild sold Quantity price/kg sold Y/N Quantity Selling

name (R/W) (Y/N) sold sold price/kg

c) Have you seen any silk weaving insects whose potential has not been utilized? Mention name/type.

d) Do you consume ( ) or sell ( ) the silk larvae?

12

13

e) How is it sold? (processing)

f) What is the quantity sold, selling price and how often?

REGULATORY SERVICES 4. Nutrient recycling:

a) Do you know what nutrient cycling is? If no, researcher needs to explain

b) Do you know of any insects/ snails that help in nutrient recycling? Mention the species

c) Is there a demand for compost? Where and at what price?

d) Would you be interested in using insect larvae in composting with a possibility to sell the pupa as a food source for fish/poultry etc?

5. Medicinally important insects

a) Do you use any insects or insect products for medicinal purposes?

13

14

b) Specify the names and what they are used for

Species used Species used (sci. Uses Other details if any

(common name) name)

6. Decomposers: Specifically snails

a) What is the role of snails in our ecosystem?

b) Do they define the quality of an ecosystem?

c) Why do you consume snails? Nutritional value (mention the value such as Calcium/protein) or delicacy?

d) Do you feed them to domestic animals? If yes which ones and why?

14

15

e) Are they considered as pests? Why? Which species?

f) Do you consume the snails and slugs that are considered as pests? Which ones?

g) Do you rear snails? What kind?

h) Do they carry any diseases? If yes do you know which kind? What are the symptoms?

i) Have you seen any recent decline or increase in any species of snails or generally all the snail populations? If yes are you doing anything about it?

j) Have the size at which they are harvested reduced over the last few years? (Indicates demand/over harvesting) Describe.

k) Have you encountered any new species in the recent years? Describe them

15

Data sheet for collection of edible insects (Market survey)

Date- Lat-

Village- Long-

Market name- Tribes selling-

Market code- Altitude (m)-

Sr. Species sold Local name Rs. / Kg Total Kgs Stage Method of Village Parts/ Alive/ Served raw/

No. Kg or collected sold (E/L/P/A/ collection name full/Bot dead/Bot cooked/Bot

per N) h h h

piece

Q- How are the insects kept alive?

Other observations/ used as preservative:

Insect rearing data sheet

Date:

Respondent name: Tribe:

Address:

Village name: State:

Latitude: Longitude:

Species being reared: Local name: Scientific name:

Host plant/ Food:

How do you set up the colony or individuals:

Accessories required with costs:

Accessories Cost incurred

Selling price : Per unit/ per Kg specify Quantity sold: Specify unit

Sold where:

ANNEXURE IV

EI_NE_Database Compilation

Sr. No Species Order

1 Polistis olivaceus Hymenoptera

2 Parapolybia varia Hymenoptera

3 Oecophylla smaragdina Hymenoptera

4 Laccotrephes rubber Hemiptera

5 Tarbinskiellus portentosus Orthoptera

6 Gryllotalpa africana Orthoptera

7 Camponotus inflatus Hymenoptera

8 Choroedocus robustus Orthoptera

9 Phlaeoba infumata Orthoptera

10 Oxya fuscovittate Orthoptera

11 Mecapoda elongata Orthoptera

12 Ruspolia baileyi Orthoptera

13 Mantis inornate Mantodea

14 Macrotermes Isoptera

15 Nephila sp. Araneae

16 UI Coleoptera

17 UI Lepidoptera

18 UI Odonata

19 Antheraea assamensis Lepidoptera

20 Samia cynthia Lepidoptera

21 Eupreponotus sp Orthoptera

22 Choroedocus sp Orthoptera

23 Gryllotalpa sp. Orthoptera

24 Odontotermes sp. Isoptera

25 Apis indica Hymenoptera

26 Periplaneta americana Blattodea

27 Pomponia sp Hemiptera

28 Vespa affinis Hymenoptera

29 Schizodactylus monstrosa Orthoptera

30 Gryllus campestris Orthoptera

31 Odontolabis cuvera Coleoptera

32 Serrognathus titanus Coleoptera

33 Lucanus elaphus Coleoptera

34 Libellula carolina Odonata

35 Megasoma elephas Coleoptera

36 Cybis spp. Coleoptera

37 Reticulitermes flavipes Blattodea

38 Reticulitermites spp. Blattodea

39 Apis florea Hymenoptera

40 Apis mellifera Hymenoptera

41 Polistes stigmata Hymenoptera

42 Melanopus sp. Coleoptera

43 Aeshma mixta Odonata

44 Neurothemis fluctuans Odonata

45 Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Coleoptera