Secure and Efficient Border Crossing Indicator Application in Costal Area
R.Sangeetha
1, P.V.Jothikantham
2and Dr.T.Senthil kumar
31M.E. Student, Shree Venkateshwara Hi-tech Engineering College, Gobi, Tamilnadu, India. 2
Assistant Professor, Shree Venkateshwara Hi-tech Engineering College, Gobi, Tamilnadu, India.
3Professor & Head, Shree Venkateshwara Hi-tech Engineering College, Gobi, Tamilnadu, India.
Article Received: 30 January 2018 Article Accepted: 27 March 2018 Article Published: 10 June 2018
1.INTRODUCTION
In today’s era everyone is using mobile phones for communication. At the same time Mobile Providers are also
providing the variety of services to users. In attempt to expand on this, we propose a GPS based vehicle tracking
system for an organization to help to find addresses of their vehicles and locate their positions on mobile devices.
The organizations are investing money in monitoring and tracking vehicles aiming at improving services and
ensuring the safety in cargos transports. The proposed technology allows organizations to track real-time
information about their organizational vehicle during travel. Today for local transport most people use Bus as a
medium. But due to their irregularity public faces various problems like not reaching on time, bus failure, no proper
schedule etc. By this scenario author has created an Android application which provides the exact location of all
organizational vehicles. The system contains single android mobile that is equipped with GPS and GSM modems
along with processor that is installed in vehicle. During vehicle motion its location update can be continuously
reported to a server using GPRS service. This location information will be plotted using Google maps on
monitoring device.
1.1 SYSTEMS FOR FISHERMAN POLICES
The fishermen use hand-held radios for communication which have a limited range within the line of sight and do
not work reliably under adverse conditions when the sea state is rough Researchers at our center conducted
extensive interviews with over a hundred fishermen, boat owners and their families based on a questionnaire to
gain insight into the problems faced by them, their communication requirements and their behavioral patterns.
From their responses, it was evident that they had a real problem for which they didn’t have an affordable solution.
Any solution proposed should come at almost no cost to them in order for it to be viable. Since the marine A B S T R A C T
The lives of Indian fishermen are very important. Thousands of Tamil fishermen have been arrested, shot by the Sri Lankan government. Fishermen not having the knowledge of boundary, enter into the Sri Lankan boundary. Once entered into the boundary, they get caught or shot by the government. Hence to save the lives of fishermen we have designed the system which will help the fisherman not to navigate beyond the boundary by using the (Global Positioning System) GPS and (Global System for Mobile Communication) GSM. The main objective of this project is to help the fisherman not to navigate beyond the country’s border. Using the GPS we can find out the current location of ship or vessel. Here we are using three boundary locations for which we are giving alert to the fisherman. If the ship or vessel is about to cross the first boundary location, then an alarm is generated to indicate that the fisherman has crossed the first boundary. If the ship or vessel is about to cross the second boundary location, then an alert message is displayed on LCD to indicate that the fisherman has crossed the second boundary location. And at third boundary location GSM is used to send an alert message to the country’s base station indicating that vessel has crossed the border. Then guards at the base station can provide the help to the fisherman if needed. Also the motor of the vessel gets shutdown so that fisherman cannot move further. Thus saving the life of the fisherman.
fishermen are not economically well off especially in the developing countries, there has not been much
commercial interest in addressing this problem. It is not seen as a profitable business proposition. However,
addressing this problem will benefit the marine fishermen community immensely. It was also learned that a large
percentage of them owned Android based smart phones and that count is rising with smart phones available these
days for under $25.Based on these observations, it was decided that extending the Internet to the sea using the
cheapest backhaul technology option would be the best way to develop a viable and cost effective solution for
connecting the marine fishermen to the mainland. A comparative study of various backhaul technology options
based on several parameters revealed that long range (LR) Wi-Fi was the most suitable option for the backhaul
network . In order to overcome the unique challenges in the marine environment for achieving coverage and
connectivity, an innovative backhaul network architecture which opportunistically stitches together several
point-to- multi-point (P2MP) networks using Ethernet and Wi-Fi mesh networks was envisaged. The standard
Wi-Fi access point (AP) on board the boats will enable the fishermen to connect to the internet using their Wi-Fi
enabled smart phones. The Wi-Fi mesh network for access is formed among a cluster of boats in a fishing zone. The
on-board access points will be capable of routing the traffic within the Wi-Fi mesh network and also connecting to
the backhaul gateway over Ethernet in order to provide internet access. The backhaul network is anchored at the
base station on the shore at a height of 50-60 m or more which provides the primary P2MP network. The network
range is extended opportunistically by forming secondary P2MP networks with the help of boats that act as mobile
base stations. Field trials were conducted successfully over the Arabian Sea from a coastal village in Kerala, India.
FCC compliant long range Wi-Fi equipment and access points were used in the trials performed using two
trawlers. The local fishermen were involved in the trials. A range of 45.6 km was achieved in the primary P2MP
network with the on-shore base station.
The secondary P2MP network using a boat as a mobile base station provided a range of 22 km. The capital
expenditure for the on-board equipment on boats to be borne by the boat owners is found to be well within their
affordability range. The cost of on-shore equipment is also reasonable making it amenable to community
ownership. The monthly subscription fee for the internet service to be borne by the fishermen would be well under
$2. With potential subsidies from the governingbodies, these costs could come down even further. A pilot
deployment is in progress in a local village along the coast of Kerala, India, to gain more operational experience.
About ten trawlers, instrumented with the necessary equipment, will participate in this pilot deployment program.
1.2 EMERGENCY REPORTING SYSTEMS
The state of Tamilnadu in India stretches along the south western coast of India with several fishing communities
living along the coast. Representatives from two of these communities were extensively interviewed by our
researchers. The questions asked covered the communication requirements of the community and how they were
met currently, the kind of problems they faced due to lack of communication, their affordability, their behavioral
patterns in fishing and communication, etc. A comprehensive questionnaire was prepared covering all these aspects
to serve as a common framework for these interviews. Close to a hundred fishermen, boat owners and their families
The mid-sized trawlers are typically equipped with a GPS and an echo sounder to observe the sea bed for presence
of fish. They use handheld wireless radio to communicate with other boats. Quite often these handhelds are
imported illegally. They use the 145 MHz frequency band which is not authorized for marine communications.
Their range is limited to line of sight and gets adversely affected during rough sea conditions.
The cellular coverage is limited to 15-20 km from the shore. Many fishermen own smart phones. Based on the
statistics gathered two years ago, about 65% of the fishermen interviewed owned smart phones. The number of
smart phone owners is on the increase with the falling smart phone prices. However, iPhones are not very popular
as they are pricey. There is a marked difference between the fishing behavior of small boat users and trawler users.
The small boats are usually fishing within 15-20 km from the shore and they return to the shore within 24 hours.
The trawlers on the other hand go as far as 120 km away from the shore and stay at sea for 5-7 days, sometimes even
longer. It is quite common for the smaller boats to be attached to the sides of the trawlers and taken to and from the
fishing zones. Once a fishing zone is identified, a cluster of boats tends to form in that zone. This is a heterogeneous
cluster consisting of small boats and mid-sized trawlers. A cluster may have up to 10 boats. The speed of the
trawlers varies between 6 km/h to 15 km/h depending on whether they are cruising or fishing, the load on the boat,
the direction of the current, etc.
The biggest unanimous concern among the fishermen seems to be the threat of getting hit by a ship especially when
they have anchored their boat and gone to sleep at night. The fishermen tend to turn off all the lights at night in
order to conserve energy and this makes it that much harder for the ships to detect their presence until it is too late.
The fishermen were found to be quite tech savvy and willing to learn and use new equipment. However, they would
prefer to have one appliance that combines the functions of GPS navigation, identification of fishing zones and
communication. They were willing to share their experiences and needs with us and also willing to participate in
testing out new devices provided by us. Low cost and ease of use were their primary criteria for viability of the
proposed solution.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Intelligent Boundary Alert System Using GPS
In this paper, An Intelligent Boundary Alert System (IBAS) is proposed. This system helps the fishermen in
maritime navigation. The system uses a GPS which continuously receiving signals from the satellite and provide
the current position of the boat based on the latitude and longitude data. ARM processor is already fetched details of
the latitude and longitude of the maritime boundary between India and Sri lanka. Comparison is done by the
processor with stored data and current position of the boat, and it generates the alarm signal whenever the boat
crosses the border. They used wireless sensor network to transmit the message to the base station, there they
monitors the boat in the sea. This system provides an indication to both fisherman and to coastal guard. Thereby
2.2 Implementation of GPS Based Security System for Safe Navigation Of Fisherman Auto Boat
This system also uses GPS technology for navigation and vessel tracking purposes. Using microcontroller, the
stored border data between India and Srilanka is being compared with the current location details of the boat, and
then alarm signal is being generated when the vessels crosses the border. Simply the message will be transmitted to
the base station. In addition, some sensor is used to detect the natural calamities for sea way travel. The ultrasonic
sensor is used for the detection of the iceberg, and MEMS is used for tsunami detection. In addition to this weather
forecasting report can also be obtained with the help of temperature and humidity sensor.
2.3 Implementation of GPS Based Surveillance Navigation System For Fisherman
This paper aims at surveillance system for fishermen from preventing them from border crossing. With the help of
GPS the current position of boats/vessels with latitude and longitude data is continuously being extracted. The
microcontroller compares the stored value and current value and alert the fishermen when crosses the border line.
Then the message is transmitted to coast guards through the RF signals. The RF module is the low cost and
preferable solution for wireless communications in wired communication is not feasible in marine. RF module can
be used for both transmission and reception purpose. Wireless communication in maritime use VHF band range
provides long way transmission. Thus, it overcomes GSM module which may fail some critical situation.
2.4 Implementation of Maritime Border Alert System
This paper proposed to help the small scale fishermen for safe navigation in maritime and then preventing them
from entering other country border line. Data collection unit consists of GPS thus provided the information of
location based on the position of the boat and transmitter. The processing unit fetched with already known details of
border between the countries, and comparison is being done with known data and current position data. The
controlling unit will make decision in order to alert the fishermen and coast guards.
2.5 Arm Based Fishing Boat Security System
In this paper, the idea is to help the fishing boat for safe navigation using GPS. When the fishermen boat crosses the
border limit, the controller units generates the alarm signal. ARM processor is used in controller unit. In addition to
it, voice alert is also generated. ZIGBEE module is used instead of GSM module for continuous signal
transmission. If so the boat is further moving towards the border, DC motors will be turned off. Thus the system
provides the maritime security for fishermen.
2.6 Deep Sea Fishermen Patrol System for Coastal Intruder Positioning
The Indian Coastguard was formally inaugurated on 18 august 1978. It is set as an independent armed force of the
Indian Union, through an act of parliament. It is the fourth armed force under the Ministry of Defense- the first three
being the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. It has a specific character for nonmilitary security but addresses to
National Defense. It normally deal with marine safety, maritime security, lifesaving, law enforcement, maritime
environmental security and fisheries. These call for monitoring, control, surveillance and response. The Coastguard
kind-accidents, casualties, abduction, and alien interventions. The Indian coastguard cannot assist fishers
exclusively but concern for fishers is central to its aims. The strategic role of the Coastguard is to protect the
maritime zones from illegal activities including infiltration through maritime routes and environmental damage and
provide humanitarian and scientific assistance within the maritime domain. The Indian Coastguard too has its
exclusive duties and functions as spelled out in the Coastguard Act 1978, include:
1. Safety and protection of islands and o shore structure
2. Protection and preservation of maritime environment and endangered species
3. Prevention and control of pollution in maritime zone
4. Assistance to the customs in anti-smuggling operations
5. Assistance to fisherman in distress at sea
6. Safeguarding life and property at sea
3. PROPOSED METHOD
Maritime surveillance is carried out by (and on behalf) of national authorities mainly to identify and deter (a)
infringements to regulations and (b) security and safety threats. (These categories overlap and include law
enforcement and compliance monitoring.) Surveillance carried out for the different domains, such as fisheries
protection, environmental protection, maritime transport safety, border control, etc., in most cases falls under (a)
because it is done on the basis of laws and regulations that govern these domains. Surveillance is a key element to
exercise national sovereignty at sea. The surveillance systems include reporting / messaging systems, which rely
on the ships to provide information, such as VMS, AIS and the many non-automatic reporting systems and
regimes; and sensor systems such as radars and cameras that collect information about ships without their
cooperation. The former can be termed cooperative systems and the latter non-cooperative systems. The
infringements and threats that the surveillance is supposed to identify can be intentional or non- intentional. In the
first case, it can hardly be expected that the cooperative information, if any, provided by the ship is correct. The
non-cooperative sensors are therefore an essential element in the surveillance. At the same time, it is impractical to
submit all of the ship traffic to non-cooperative inspection, and the cooperative systems are needed to manage the
bulk of the compliant vessels. As it is necessary to take action when infringements or threats are found, means (or
assets) are deployed for interception – naval, aerial or, for intervention at the shore, land. However, these means
have a dual role because they also serve as forward observation / communication platforms. The surveillance
systems infrastructure encompasses sensors and communication systems which can be based on the shore, and
partly in space, but also on the means (patrol vessels and aircraft). The information that can be gathered by shore-
(and space-) based systems is often not detailed enough to positively identify threats or infringements,
necessitating close-up inspection.
In that role, the means are an integral part of the entire surveillance system. Particular government bodies are given
the remit to enforce the regulations in a certain domain, and carry out the surveillance to that purpose. In order to
surveillance systems to use, and how to deploy them. This leads to the disparity of the different surveillance
systems used: the VMS with its 2- hourly reporting, the VTS radars that only detect large vessels, etc. No single
system has the complete overview of all vessels within a certain area; rather, the different existing systems cover
different sub- sets of the maritime traffic according to their needs. Still, in order to find all relevant threats and
infringements, the availability of a maritime picture that is as complete as possible is instrumental. An obvious way
to improve the maritime picture is to combine the information gathered from the different surveillance systems in
use by the different authorities: the combination of the different sub-sets of the maritime traffic gathered by each
will result in a more complete picture. Concerning the contribution to the maritime picture from the
non-cooperative sensors, it is a given that sensor performance is limited and not all ships can be detected during all
conditions. This is especially true for small vessels, as may be used for e.g. drug smuggling, illegal immigration
and terrorism. When different sensor systems cover the same area, combining their data will lead to fewer targets
being missed. But the more complete the sensor picture becomes, the more targets it includes, and the more
difficult it is to know which of those pose a risk or behave illegitimately. Therefore, cooperative data from
reporting systems is needed to help recognize the known and compliant ships. Combining data from different
reporting systems extends the fraction of known ships, leaving fewer unknown ships in the picture, and reducing
the amount of potential risk targets that need closer attention. The application works as an automatic incident
management application that intimates the user if border crossing occurs. The application that is being made is
installed in the mobile phones and the device/mobile phone is tracked by using its IMEI number. The application
also records the issues that recorded information are sent to the server, which is monitored by the security force in
the border ranges and also stores them in all devices coming under that range. The data/information is transferred
from web to mobile and vice versa via a windows server. This is devised to use even by very normal people at their
affordable rates.
3.2 MODULE DESCRIPTION
3.2.1 WORKING OF MOBILE GPS
Cell phones with GPS receivers communicate with units from among the 30 global positioning satellites in the GPS
system. The built-in receiver alters your position using data from at least three GPS satellites and the receiver. GPS
can determine your location by performing a calculation based on the intersection point of overlapping spheres
determined by the satellites and your phone's GPS receiver. In simple terms, trilateration uses the distance between
the satellites and the receiver to create overlapping "spheres" that intersect in a circle. The intersection is your
location on the ground.
3.2.2 REGISTRATION & LOGIN
This allows the new user to register and install the application to the device. This helps to monitor the actions that
are happening in the location that could be traced by the user. This ensures the security credentials so that issues
that occur can be easily resolved. The registration can also be done by means of thumb print/voice recognition also
which is highly useful for illiterate people. This can be directly used by the user by just placing their thumb print in
3.2.3 LOCATION RETRIEVAL
The place to where we should reach can be mapped and the direction to the destination is also being provided to the
people using tithe google map API provides the user with the location they are currently located. This option allows
to find the appropriate path to reach the destination location by using the button to track the resultant path by
providing its current latitude and longitude values of the current location it’s residing in the world.
3.2.4 GPS TRACKING
This is used to track the location of where the mobile devices is being currently located. This provides a secure
travel to all people in the ships. This will also provide periodical updates to the server about the devices that are
used in that range. The GPS present in the device provides information and reports to the server accordingly. The
system directs the user with the appropriate information and reports to all users who are using that device at that
instant of time.
3.2.5 DISTANCE TO BE REACHED
The tracker provides the server with the remaining distance the registered users have to reach every minute and
report to the server. This provides them with the complete information about all the GPS users currently in that
location. When the source and the destination locations are specified the path or route to reach the destination will
be provided along with the distance span to be reached by the user who is currently in Travel. This provides
information about the current situation of the system and the reason to which the problem has been created. This
enables the server in notifying the information as a message every minute and also to the GPS mobiles when they
are in case of any discrepancies. The tracking here totally depends on the device and not on the signal/network that
is currently used.
3.3 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
AUTOMATION
The Parking System automates each and every activity of the manual system and increases its throughput. Thus the
response time of the system is very less and it works very fast.
ACCURACY
The System provides the uses a quick response with very accurate information regarding the users etc. Any details
or system in an accurate manner, as and when required.
USER-FRIENDLY
The software has a very user-friendly interface. Thus the users will feel very easy to work on it. The software
provides accuracy along with a pleasant interface. Make the present manual system more interactive, speedy and
AVAILABILITY
The transaction reports of the system can be retried as and when required. Thus, there is no delay in the availability
of any information, whatever needed, can be captured very quickly and easily.
MAINTANCE COST
Reduce the cost of maintenance.
5. CONCLUSION
The system which provides the various facilities to the client related to the bus application like to see the all bus
details such as bus route, bus timings, bus stops and also facility to the admin for adding the new routes or other bus
details. The very important feature provide to the admin is finding the location and speed of the bus or client
vehicle. The real-time location tracking and control system that can track the target position at all time and places as
required by the user. Optimized localization system depending on the integration of GPS and GPRS/3G
techniques. This paper can conclude that the obtained result have the accepted accuracy to be used in determining
for the use of GSM network services. It has the device installed with the user’s target and Android application as in
smart phones to communicate with the tracking device. The application on Smart Phone is compatible only with
Android Application. The software is developed as a standalone system and can be extended as a web application
system to support the online entry of pages and access of the reports. This project done in a successful manner and
also attained the goal within the correct period. The system is very much user friendly and user can operate it easy.
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