Unit 8 Madison & Monroe.ppt

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Unit

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President James

Madison

__{Continues the Virginia}_{Continues the Virginia} Dynasty

Dynasty

_{Great Statesman}_{Great Statesman} _Constitution_Constitution _{Poor Politician}_{Poor Politician}

_{Timid & indecisive}_{Timid & indecisive} _{Slight in Stature}_{Slight in Stature}

_{Unimpressive in}_{Unimpressive in} personality

(4)

President James

Madison

_“_“_{Peaceful Coercion”}_{Peaceful Coercion”}

_{Madison’s diplomatic}_{Madison’s diplomatic} policy

policy

_{Repealed the Embargo}_{Repealed the Embargo} Act

Act

_{Non-Intercourse Act}_{Non-Intercourse Act}

_{Permitted trade with all}_{Permitted trade with all} nations except G.B. &

nations except G.B. &

France

(5)

Madison’s Foreign

Policy

_{Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)}_{Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)} _{Congressman Nathaniel}_{Congressman Nathaniel}

Macon

_{Reopened legal trade with}_{Reopened legal trade with} G.B. & FR.

G.B. & FR.

_{Authorized the president to}_{Authorized the president to} invoke new sanctions if either

invoke new sanctions if either

nation interfered with U.S.

trade.

(6)

Madison’s Foreign

Policy



Used by Napoleon



Napoleon promises to lift his decrees if

U.S. stops trading with the British

.



Madison agrees, though France still

seizes ships.



G.B. did not alter

(7)

The Rise of….

_“_{War Hawks”}_{War Hawks”}

_{Led by}_{Led by}_{Henry Clay}_{Henry Clay} (Kentucky) &

(Kentucky) & John C. John C. Calhoun

Calhoun (South (South Carolina)

Carolina)

_{Both members of}_{Both members of} Congress

Congress

_{Clay was the Speaker}_{Clay was the Speaker} of the House

(8)

War Hawks

_{Next generation of Democratic}_{Next generation of Democratic} Republicans

Republicans

_{Young & aggressive}_{Young & aggressive}

_{Set a}_{Set a}_{new spirit of expansive}_{new spirit of expansive} nationalism

nationalism

_{The future was in the west.}_{The future was in the west.}

_{Opposed diplomacy & economic}_{Opposed diplomacy & economic} sanctions

sanctions

_{Wanted war against Great}_{Wanted war against Great} Britain.

(9)

War Hawks

_{Reasons for War}_{Reasons for War}

_{Wanted war for land}_{Wanted war for land} _{To acquire Canada}_{To acquire Canada} _{To gain Florida}_{To gain Florida}

_{Remove Spain & Great}_{Remove Spain & Great}

Britain Britain

_{End Indian threat in west}_{End Indian threat in west} _{National Honor}_{National Honor}

_{Violation of American}_{Violation of American}

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_Background_Background

_{Treaty of Greenville}_{Treaty of Greenville} (1795)

(1795) _Jefferson_Jefferson

 _{Spoke highly of the}_{Spoke highly of the} Native Americans but Native Americans but

wanted land for an wanted land for an

…….. ……..

 _{Agricultural society}_{Agricultural society}

The

Battle of

Tippeca

noe

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The Battle of

Tippecanoe

_{Tecumseh &}_{Tecumseh &}

Tenskwatawa (The

Prophet)

Prophet) - Shawnee - Shawnee brothers

brothers

_{Seeks Indian}_{Seeks Indian} Confederacy

Confederacy

_{Unite all Tribes vs.}_{Unite all Tribes vs.} Settlers

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The Battle of

Tippecanoe

_{William Henry Harrison}_{William Henry Harrison}

_{Governor of the}_{Governor of the}

Indiana territory Indiana territory

_{Nov. 7, 1811}_{Nov. 7, 1811}

_{Attacks (burns)}_{Attacks (burns)}

Tecumseh’s village Tecumseh’s village

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The Battle of

Tippecanoe



Found evidence of

British Supplies



War Hawks call for

war w/ Britain



“Canada easy to

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Causes of the War

of 1812



Trade



Orders in Council



Impressments of U.S.

Sailors



The War Hawks



Radicals demanding

action against British



Desire to conquer

Canada



“Push” Madison into

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Causes of the War of

1812

_{British support of Native}_{British support of Native}

Tribes Tribes

_Supplies_Supplies

_{Native attacks against U.S.}_{Native attacks against U.S.} settlements

settlements

_{June 1, 1812}_{June 1, 1812}

_{Madison asks for a}_{Madison asks for a} declaration of war

declaration of war

_{Congress & Country}_{Congress & Country} divided

(17)

_{1812 Britain economy}_{1812 Britain economy} in ruins

in ruins

_{Napoleonic wars /}_{Napoleonic wars /} U.S. Trade sanctions

U.S. Trade sanctions

_{British repeal Orders}_{British repeal Orders} in Council June 1812

in Council June 1812

_{2 weeks before U.S.}_{2 weeks before U.S.} declaration of War

declaration of War

“

The

Avoidabl

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_{U.S. unprepared for}_{U.S. unprepared for}

War War

_{Little money (Jefferson}_{Little money (Jefferson}

Embargo Act) Embargo Act)

_{Small Standing Army}_{Small Standing Army} _{10,000 men}_{10,000 men}

_{Reliance upon Militia}_{Reliance upon Militia} _{Britain’s superior Navy}_{Britain’s superior Navy} _{U.S. depends on}_{U.S. depends on}

British preoccupation British preoccupation

w/ Napoleon w/ Napoleon

“

The

Avoidabl

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_{North East – opposed to}_{North East – opposed to}

the war

_{Trade with G.B.}

_{Feel war is political} _{U.S. unprepared for}

war

_{Refused to support}

war effort

_{Led by}_{Daniel Webster}_{Daniel Webster}

(N.H.)

_{Voted against higher}

taxes & tariffs

_{Discourage army}

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The War 1812-1813

_Canada_Canada

_{U.S. ground offensive}_{U.S. ground offensive} attempts three times to

attempts three times to

invade Canada

_{All Fail}_{All Fail}

_{G.B. attempts to invade}_{G.B. attempts to invade} U.S. through Canada.

U.S. through Canada.

_{Stopped by U.S. control}_{Stopped by U.S. control} of the Great Lakes

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The War 1812-1813

_{American victories on the seas} _{USS Constitution}_{USS Constitution} _{defeated the}

HMS

HMS GuerriereGuerriere

_{U.S. will capture the British}

ship in under 30 minutes

_{U.S. ships were bigger &}

carried more weaponry.

_{Along with the USS United}

States, the Constitution

received the nickname, Old Old Ironsides

(22)

The War 1812-1813

_{U.S. Navy will dominate in}_{U.S. Navy will dominate in} the Great Lakes Region

the Great Lakes Region

_{Captain Oliver Hazard}_{Captain Oliver Hazard} Perry

Perry

_“_“_{We have met the}_{We have met the} enemy and they are

enemy and they are

ours”.

_{Defeated the British at}_{Defeated the British at} the

the Battle of Lake Erie Battle of Lake Erie (1813)

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The War 1813

Overtime British will control the _{Overtime British will control the}

seas seas

_{Capt. James Lawrence}_{Capt. James Lawrence}_{will lose}_{will lose} the USS Chesapeake to the British the USS Chesapeake to the British

_“_“_{Tell the men to fire faster and}_{Tell the men to fire faster and} not to give up the ship;

not to give up the ship; fight her fight her till she sinks.”

till she sinks.”

Once British defeat the French _{Once British defeat the French} (1813/1814), they turn more (1813/1814), they turn more

attention to the US attention to the US

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The British Invasion

1814



G.B. plans a three part invasion of U.S.



Great Lakes



Chesapeake Bay



New Orleans

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1814

_{Great Lakes}_{Great Lakes}

_{Attack Plattsburgh, N.Y.}_{Attack Plattsburgh, N.Y.} _{Lake Champlain}_{Lake Champlain}

_{Strong U.S. Naval}_{Strong U.S. Naval} support

support

_{British retreat}_{British retreat}

_{Decisive naval battle of}_{Decisive naval battle of} the war

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The British Invasion

1814

_{Chesapeake Bay}_{Chesapeake Bay}

_{Take Washington D.C.}_{Take Washington D.C.}  _{Burn Capitol,}_{Burn Capitol,}_White_White

House House

_{Failed attempt to}_{Failed attempt to}_Ft._Ft. McHenry

McHenry (Baltimore) (Baltimore)

 _“_“_{Star Spangled Banner”}_{Star Spangled Banner”} written by Francis Scott written by Francis Scott Key

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 The Star-Spangled Banner

 O! say can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there -O! say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave? On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream -'Tis the star-spangled banner, O! long may it wave O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave. And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havock of war and the battle's confusion A home and a country should leave us no more? Their blood has wash'd out their foul foot-steps' pollution, No refuge could save the hireling and slave, From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave; And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave. O! thus be it ever when freemen shall stand Between their lov'd home, and the war's desolation, Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land Praise the power that hath made and preserv'd us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto - 'In God is our trust!' And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.

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The End 1814

_{Treaty of Ghent (1814)}_{Treaty of Ghent (1814)}

_“_“_{Status quo ante bellum”}_{Status quo ante bellum”} _{Conditions before the}

War

_{Maritime issues not}

mentioned

_Impressments

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The End ….. Or was

it?

_{Battle of New Orleans}_{Battle of New Orleans} _{Andrew Jackson}_{Andrew Jackson}

_{Horseshoe Bend}_{Horseshoe Bend} _{Invades Florida}_{Invades Florida}

_{Meets British invasion}_{Meets British invasion} _N.Orleans_N.Orleans

_{Puts down 2 British attacks}_{Puts down 2 British attacks} _{Large British casualties}_{Large British casualties} _{Battle occurred after War}_{Battle occurred after War}

ended

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End of the Federalists……

For Good

_{Hartford Convention (1814)}_{Hartford Convention (1814)}

_{Secret meeting called by the Federalists against the}_{Secret meeting called by the Federalists against the}

war war

_{Seccession discussed?}_{Seccession discussed?}

_{Limit president to one four year term}_{Limit president to one four year term}

_{President must come from a different state each year}_{President must come from a different state each year} _{Taxation & representation based on free inhabitants}_{Taxation & representation based on free inhabitants} _{2/3 majority vote to declare offensive war, prohibit}_{2/3 majority vote to declare offensive war, prohibit}

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Results of the War

_{U.S. becomes more}_{U.S. becomes more}

isolationist

_{Spurned westward migration}_{Spurned westward migration} _{Rise of American industry}_{Rise of American industry}

_{Ended the Federalist Party}_{Ended the Federalist Party} _{Associated with treason}_{Associated with treason} _{Inspired American}_{Inspired American}

nationalism

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The Post

War Era

Unit 8

Continu

ed

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Madison’s Plan for Rebuilding

 “_“American System” – Henry American System” – Henry Clay

Clay

 Funds for a national defense_{Funds for a national defense}

 Frigates for the navy_{Frigates for the navy}

 A standing army & federal _{A standing army & federal}

control of the militia

 _{Federal aid for building roads}_{Federal aid for building roads}

and canals

 Protective tariff to encourage _{Protective tariff to encourage}

manufacturing

 Re-establish the national bank_{Re-establish the national bank}

 Federal assumption of some _{Federal assumption of some}

state debt

(34)

_{Protective Tariff passed}_{Protective Tariff passed} by Congress to protect

by Congress to protect

American manufactured

goods from outside

competition.

_{U.S. needed to build up}_{U.S. needed to build up} its army, pay its national

its army, pay its national

debt, & develop new

industries.

_{Supported by John C.}_{Supported by John C.} Calhoun

Calhoun

_{Only way the U.S. can}_{Only way the U.S. can} be truly

be truly

Independent

(35)

2

nd

Bank of U.S.

_{Problems from}_{Problems from}_{first bank}_{first bank} closing in 1811.

closing in 1811.

_{Made it hard to pay for the}_{Made it hard to pay for the} war.

war.

_{No uniform currency}_{No uniform currency} _{Lack of sound currency}_{Lack of sound currency}

_{No place to deposit federal}_{No place to deposit federal} funds

funds

(36)

_{Federal government}_{Federal government}

will establish a will establish a

another bank similar another bank similar

to Hamilton’s. to Hamilton’s.

_{Had more capital to}_{Had more capital to}

work with work with

_Southern_Southern

Democratic

Republicans

supported the idea

of a bank

_{Established in April,}_{Established in April,}

1816 1816

2

nd

(37)

Calhoun’s Bonus Bill

_{John C. Calhoun}_{John C. Calhoun}

_{Need for improved infrastructure}_{Need for improved infrastructure} (South)

(South)

 _{Proven by War of 1812}_{Proven by War of 1812}

 _{Westward Expansion}_{Westward Expansion}_{(poor roads}_{(poor roads} could lead to disunion)

could lead to disunion)

_{Gov’t would pay $1.5 million bonus}_{Gov’t would pay $1.5 million bonus} (used to create bank) payment to (used to create bank) payment to

build roads. build roads.

(38)

Calhoun’s Bonus Bill



Madison will

veto

the

Bonus Bill



Ends the American

System



Leads to the Rise of

Sectionalism

(39)

E

r

a

o

f

G

o

d

F

e

l

i

n

g

s

_{James Monroe is elected}_{James Monroe is elected} in 1816.

in 1816.

_{From 1817 to 1823 a}_{From 1817 to 1823 a}

new era was established

in the U.S.

_{Absence of political}_{Absence of political} strife.

strife.

(40)

E

r

a

o

f

G

o

d

F

e

l

i

n

g

s

_{Economic Sectionalism}_{Economic Sectionalism}

(41)

Important Treaties

_{Rush–Bagot Agreement}_{Rush–Bagot Agreement}

1817

_{Treaty w/ England}_{Treaty w/ England}

_{Negotiated by John Quincy}_{Negotiated by John Quincy} Adams

Adams

_{Set U.S. / Canada border}_{Set U.S. / Canada border} ₄₉₄₉thth_parallel_parallel

_{To be UNFORTIFIED}_{To be UNFORTIFIED} _{Joint claim to Oregon}_{Joint claim to Oregon}

(42)

Important Treaties



Adams –Onis Treaty1819



Treaty w/ Spain



U.S. ultimatum



Control Indians or sell Florida



Spain sells Florida

(43)

The Missouri Compromise 1820

 _{Balance of Power}_{Balance of Power}

 _{Slave States v. Free States}_{Slave States v. Free States}  _{Resurgence of Slavery}_{Resurgence of Slavery}

 _{1793 Eli Whitney & the Cotton Gin}_{1793 Eli Whitney & the Cotton Gin}  _{Slavery expands westward}_{Slavery expands westward}

 _{1819 Missouri applies for Statehood}_{1819 Missouri applies for Statehood}  _{Allows slavery}_{Allows slavery}

(44)

The Missouri Compromise 1820

_{The Compromise}_{The Compromise} _{Missouri admitted}_{Missouri admitted}

_{Slave State}_{Slave State}

_{Maine admitted}_{Maine admitted} _{Free State}_{Free State}

_{Remainder of Louisiana}_{Remainder of Louisiana} Territory north of 36

Territory north of 36

30 to remain free

forever

_{Maintains balance}_{Maintains balance}_of_of States

(45)

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

_{Spain’s American Colonies declare}_{Spain’s American Colonies declare} independence

independence

_{Mexico, Venezuela, Columbia}_{Mexico, Venezuela, Columbia}

_{Spain preoccupied w/ Napoleonic}_{Spain preoccupied w/ Napoleonic} Wars

Wars

_{U.S. concern:}_{U.S. concern:}

_{Spain attempt to re-conquer}_{Spain attempt to re-conquer} _{British Proposal}_{British Proposal}

_{Joint Declaration}_{Joint Declaration}

 _“_“_{No European re-colonization in}_{No European re-colonization in} Western Hemisphere”

(46)

The Monroe Doctrine (1823)

_{Monroe message to}_{Monroe message to} Congress Dec. 1823

Congress Dec. 1823

_{Western Hemisphere ~}_{Western Hemisphere ~} closed for Colonization

closed for Colonization

_{No European interference}_{No European interference} w/ new Republics

w/ new Republics

_{In exchange, U.S. will not}_{In exchange, U.S. will not} interfere in European

interfere in European

affairs

(47)

_{Martin v. Hunters Lessee 1816}_{Martin v. Hunters Lessee 1816}

_{Supreme Ct. has right to review State Court}_{Supreme Ct. has right to review State Court} decisions

decisions

_{Dartmouth College Case 1819}_{Dartmouth College Case 1819}

_{No State laws altering obligations of contracts}_{No State laws altering obligations of contracts} _{McCullough v. Maryland 1819}_{McCullough v. Maryland 1819}

_{No State interference with Federal Institutions}_{No State interference with Federal Institutions} _{Gibbons v. Ogden 1824}_{Gibbons v. Ogden 1824}

_{Federal Govt. has right to control commerce}_{Federal Govt. has right to control commerce} _{State to State / State’s w/ foreign Nations}_{State to State / State’s w/ foreign Nations}

The Marshall Court

Decisions

The British IThe British I